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• 1）such+a/an+形容词＋可数名词单数＝so+形容词＋a/an+ 可数名词单数； 2）so+many/few+可数名词复数，但：such+其他形容词（ many/few除外）＋可数名词复数； 3）so+much/little+不可数名词，但：such+其他形容词（ much/little除外）＋不可数名词
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• Lesson 15 Grammar • 直接引语和间接引语
• Direct Speech and Indirect Speech
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1.He said that business was very bad.
2.He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.
• I can't afford to be ill again. 我不能再病了。
• I can afford to buy the book..
• =I can afford the book
• 翻译：他买不起这台电脑。
He can’t afford the computer/ He can’t afford to buy the computer.
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2.直接引语改为间接引语时， 人称代词和物主形容词应 该作适当的变化。地点和时间状语也应作相应改变。
人称变化： “I am busy,” he said. → He said (that) he was busy. 他说他很忙。
• 代词及状语的变化： • this ---- that these---- those • now ----- then here ---- there • ago ----- before • tomorrow ---- the following day/the next day
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d) 现在完成时改为过去完成时： “I have just heard the news,” he said. = he said that he had just heard the news. e) 一般过去时改为过去完成时： “I broke the window,” Tom said. = Tom said that he had broken the window.
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etell: 假设你是作者,向您的家人说说今天的事
The _s_e_c_r_et_a_ry_ told me that Mr. Harmsworth w_o_u_l_d_ see me. I felt very _n_e_rv_o_u_s_when I _w__en_t_ into his office. He did not look up _f_ro_m__ his desk when I _e_n_t_er_e_d. After I had sat down, he said that _b_u_s_in_e_s_s_ was very bad. He told me that the firm _c_o_u_ld_ not afford to pay _s_u_c_h_ large salaries. T_w_e_n_t_y_ people had already left. I knew that _m_y___ turn had come.
• 'Mr. Harmsworth,' I said in a weak voice. • 'Don't interrupt,' he said. • Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra
thousand pounds a year!
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• 6、He did not look up from his desk when I entered.
• look up 往上看;查找 • look down 往下看
• He looked up (from his book) when he heard a noise. • The little boy looked up at his father with wild eyes. • Students can look up the new words in the dictionary.
• 直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语”; • 用自己的话转述别人的话叫“间接引语”; • 直接引语一般前后要加引号; • 间接引语不用引号。
如: John said, “I like reading very much.” John said that he liked reading very much.
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• nervous • extra • secretary • afford • weak • interrupt
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• secretary • weak • nervous • afford • interrupt • extra
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• she • he • told-tell • felt-feel • went-go • office
3.He said: “ Don’t interrupt.”
4. He smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!
第3句和其他几句有什么区别?
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直接引语和间接引语 Direct Speech and Indirect Speech
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interrupt v. 插话， [ɪntə'rʌpt] 打断
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extra adj. 额外的 ['ekstrə]
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business n. 生意 [ˈbɪznɪs]
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salary n. 薪水 ['sælərɪ]
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• secretary • nervous • afford • weak • interrupt • extra
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• 3. ★ afford 担负得起
通常与can,
• 1) afford sth.买得起，付得起 could 连用
• I can't afford the coat. It's too expensive.
• I can only afford five yuan.
• 2) afford to do sth. 担负得起做某事；有经济能力做某 事
• look down on/upon sb. 瞧不起某人 • We shouldn't look down upon others.
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• 7、He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.
• pay salary 支付薪水 • collect salary 领薪水
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2）如果引述动词是过去时, 引语应该作相应的变化 .
• a) 一般现在时改为一般过去时： • “I never work on Sundays,” she said.
= She said that she never worked on Sundays.
b) 现在进行时改为过去进行时： “It isn’t raining,” she told me. = She told me that it wasn’t raining. c) 一般将来时改为过去将来时： “ I’ll tell you a very funny story,” she said. = She said that she would tell me a very funny story.
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• 8、Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!
• 一千英镑 a thousand pounds [paʊndz] • 两千英镑 two thousand pounds • 额外的一千英镑 an extra thousand pounds • 额外的两千英镑 two extra thousand pounds • 数词+extra+名词 “额外的...” • Please give me two extra ice-creams. • On Sundays, I usually get some extra sleep.
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• The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come.
I heard that she would go to Hong Kong tomorrow.
4、我想Jim现在正在听音乐。
I think Jim is listening to the music now.
5、Lisa说Ken昨天没有去学校。
Lisa says that Ken didn’t go to school yesterday.
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源自文库
• listen to the text
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Key words and expressions
• 秘书
secretary
• 感到紧张
feel nervous
• 进入他的办公室 go into his office ['ɒfɪs]
• 从他的桌子抬头看look up from his desk
• 进入
enter ['entə]
• 负担得起做某事 afford to do sth [ə'fɔːd]
• 薪水 • 离开 • 用微弱的声音 • 插话，打断 • 收到
salary ['sælərɪ] left（过去式）leave（原形） In a weak voice [vɒɪs] interrupt [ɪntə'rʌpt] receive [rɪ'siːv]
• today–that day yesterday—the day before • last week—the week before • two days ago—two days before
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1.Lucy says, “Kate has a cat.” Lucy says that Kate has a cat. 2.Tom said, “My mother is cooking.” Tom said that his mother was cooking. 3.Mike says, “Our teacher likes fish.” Mike says that their teacher likes fish. 4.Lily said, “We will go to school by car.” Lily said that they would go to school by car. 5.Sam says, “ I want to see Mr Green.”
Sam says that he wants to see Mr Green. 32
试一试
1、我知道你是对的。
I know/knew that you are/were right.
2、Mary告诉我她已经完成了家庭作业。
Mary told me that she had already done her homework. 3、我听说（hear）她明天将会去香港。
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secretary n. 秘书 ['sekrətəri]
secretary（秘书）=secret(秘密)+ ary（人） 2
nervous adj. 精神紧张的 ['nə:vəs] nerve n. 神经 [nə:v]
3
afford v. 担负得起 [ə'fɔːd]
4
Strong
weak adj. 弱的 [wiːk]
