![完成时(No[1].10)初二](https://imgs-1438308264.cos.ap-hongkong.myqcloud.com/c3cebceb172ded630b1cb60c.webp)
初二语法：现在完成时用法：（一）现在完成时表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
与其连用的时间状语有：already ever just never yet recently例如：I have already opened the window. 我已把窗户打开。
She won’t go to the cinema tonight because she has already seen it.她今晚不去看电影，因为她已经看过了构成：1.肯定式构成：have/has+动词过去分词。
2.否定式构成：have/has+not+动词过去分词。
have/has与not可分别缩写为haven’t, hasn’t 例如：Miss Hu hasn’t come back yet. 胡小姐还没回来。
3.疑问句的构成：将have/has提到主语前，简略答语用：Yes，主语+ have/has或No，主语+haven’t/hasn’t .例如Have you ever made cakes？Yes，I have. No，I haven’t.4.在现在完成时的各种结构中，have/has均为助动词，无实际意义。
当主语是第三人称单数时要用has。
have/has之后要用动词的过去分词，规则动词的过去分词与过去式的变化规则相同，如：finish—finished courage— couraged study—studiedstep—stepped clap—clapped skim——skimmed5.不规则动词的过去分词的变化基本可分为下列五种类型：1.) AAA (动词原形、过去式与过去分词同形)如：cut——cut——cut read——read——read2.) ABB（过去式过与去分词同形）如：buy ——bought——bought teach ——taught——taught3.）ABC(动词原形、过去式与过去分词各异) 如：drive ——drove—— driven grow——grew——grown4.）ABA(动词原形与过去分词同形) 如：come——came——come run——ran_——run5.）AAB(动词原形与过去式同形) 如：beat——beat——beaten用法：（二）现在完成时表示动作发生在过去并且一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense ）1.现在完成时的构成现在完成时由“助动词have ( has)+过去分词”构成。
下面以动词finish 为例，例如：I haven’t bought anything for two months.3.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，例如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1990等。
而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和上述表示过去的时间状语连用。
例如：I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。
（我了解这部电影的内容。
）I saw the film last week.我上个星期看了这部电影。
（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况。
）He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以来他一直住在这里。
（他现在还住在这里）He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在这里。
（不涉及他现在是否还住在这里。
）练习一。
选择1.—_________you ______ him before ?—No，not yet。
A.Have ; metB. Did ;meetC. Do; meetD. Were ; meeting2.—Let’s go shopping ,Lily ! Have you finished your homework _______?—No, not _______.A. just; yetB. ever ; alreadyC. yet; yetD. ever; just3.—Lily ,why are you still here ? School is over for half an hour.—Because I ______ my task yet. I still need one more hourA. won’t finishB. don’t finishC. haven’t finishedD. hadn’t finished4.—I’d like to introduce my best friend to you ,Peter.—Thank you, Lucy. But we ______ already.A. meet B .met C. will meet D. have met5.—Have you finished your work _____?—Yes, I have. I’ve ________ finished it .A. yet; alreadyB. already ; yetC. already; alreadyD. yet ; yet6.—Have you found your IPod?—_____________.A. No, you haveB. Not yetC. Yes, I doD. Yes, I found7.Lucy’s never been to Beijing , _______ she ?A. isB. isn’tC. hasD. hasn’t8.Mary ______ yet. I’m waiting for her .A.. came back B .has come back C. hasn’t come back D. was com ing back9.—_________ you ______ out the problem, Sam?—Not yet, but I’m going to .A. Did; workB. Are; workingC. Have; workedD. Will; work10.—_______you _______ a pen on the desk ?—Yes, but Miss Liu ______it away just now.A. Have; seen; has taken B .Have; seen ;took C. Have; see; took D. Do ; see; has taken11.—Have you cooked supper ________?—Yes, I have ________ finished it .A. yet ; justB. yet; everC. already; yetD. already ;just12.Mr.Wnag isn’t here ,I think he _____ Shanghai.A. went B has been to C. has gone to13.—Hello! Could I speak to Lily/—Sorry ,she is not in .She ________ Shanghai.A. have been toB. have gone toC. has been toD. has gone to14.Neither my sister nor I ______ been to America before.A. have everB. have neverC. has everD. has never15.He _______ to Beijing many times.A. have been B . has been C. have gone D. has gone16.—Have you ever left your keys in your house?— No, _________.A. ever B . already C. yet D. never17.Mr.Green _______ China for ten years.A. has been to B .has been in C. has come to D . has gone to18.—He ________ the English –Chinese dictionary for about ten years ,but it is still new .— What a careful man!A. has boughtB. has borrowedC. has hadD. bought19.In the last ten years changes _________ place in my hometown.A. took B . had taken C. have taken D. take20.Zhao Lan ______ already ______ in this school for two years.A. was ;studyingB. will ; studyC. has ; studiedD. are; studying21.Hurry up ! The play ______ for ten minutes.A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. begun22.—How long have you _____ China?—For three years .A. come backB. returnedC. leftD. been away from23.—Oh, Mrs. King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new?—No ,I _______ it for two years.A. hadB. have hadC. boughtD. have bought24.—You are leaving your school .How do you like it？—Very much, of course .I _____this school since I moved here .A. have gone toB. came toC. have been toD. have been at25.—I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a long time.—Oh, not at all. I ______ here for only a few minutes.A. have arrived B have been C. arrived D was26.—Hello, this is Lily speaking. Could I speak to Mr. Black?—Sorry. He _____ Beijing .A. has been to B . has gone to C. has been in D. will go to27.H e ________ in this factory for 20 years already.A. will workB. worksC. has worked D is working28.—I wonder when you ______ the new watch.—Well, I ____ it for two weeks.A. have bought; have hadB. bought; have boughtC. bought; have hadD. have bought; have bought29.The Browns________ Water World twice.A. went toB. has been toC. have been to D . have been in30.Tom ____ Mary in 1998.That is to say ,they _____ for 15 years.A .got married with; have got married B. got married to ; have marriedC. married; have been marriedD. married to ; have been married31.—I’m sorry .I ______ your printer for such a long time .—Never mind.A. have borrowedB. have lentC. have keptD. have bought32.—What a nice bike ! How long _____you ________ it ?—Just two weeks .A. have ;boughtB. did ; buyC. have ; hadD. are; having33.—__________you ever_______ Chinese moon-cakes, Diana?—No, never .But I have had noodles.A. Do; tryB. Will; tryC. Did ;tryD. Have ; tried34.—________ has your brother studied in New York?—For two years.A. How farB. How oldC. How oftenD. How long35.—When ______ your mother _____ you that blue dress,Mary?—Sorry ,I really can’t remember.A. does; buyB. has; boughtC. had; boughtD. did ; buy36.—_________ has your uncle been to Canada ?—Only twice .A. How many timesB. How oftenC.How longD.How far37.—How beautiful your skirt is! Is it new?—No，I have ________ it for two months.A. borrowedB. boughtC. had D got38.—How long have you collected shells?—__________.A. After I left schoolB. Before I moved hereC. When I went to the beachD. Since I was ten years old39.—What are you going to do this weekend ?—I _________ yet.A. haven’t decideB. won’t decideC. have decidedD. didn’t decide40.Great changes _______ in our city since 1980.A. took placeB. have taken placeC. happenedD. have happened41.—I have never been to American Computer Museum .What about you ?—________ .A. So do IB. So have IC. Neither do ID. Neither have I42.He _______ the house ,and you can put your things in it .A. cleaningB. cleaning outC. cleaned D . has cleaned out43.Tom has never ______Australia. But his parents have ______ theretwice.A. been to ; been to B . been ; gone C. been to ; been D. gone ;gone二。
