英语语言学概论Metafunctions of Language PPT

A text is a product of all three. The three metafunctions of language are closely related to context and realized in the lexicogrammar of language. They are interwoven in discourse.
Metafunctions of Language
M.A.K. Halliday
12英语2班 翁京京 马密密 王雅莛 唐晓雯 唐苑
A British-born Australian linguist who developed the internationally influential systemic functional linguistic model of language.
逻辑功能
The experiential function 经验功能
It refers to the grammatical choices that enable
speakers to make meanings about the world around us
and inside us. 经验功能指的是语言对人们在现实世界（包括内心世界） 中的各种经历的表达。换言之，就是反映客观世界中所 发生的事、所牵涉的人和物以及与之有关的时间、地点 等环境因素。
The logical function
逻辑功能
Halliday describes the logical function as those systems
“whichnships between o
ne clausal unite and another”

Referential: to convey message and information Poetic: to indulge in language for its own sake Emotive: to express attitudes, feelings and emotions Conative: to persuade and influence others through
Ideational metafunction
The ideational function is language concerned with building and maintaining a theory of experience. It includes the experiential function and the logical function.
Halliday’s view
Interpersonal metafunction
The interpersonal function refers to the grammatical s that enable speakers to enact their complex and diverse interpersonal relations.
元语言功能（弄清意图、词语和意义 ）。
Halliday’s view
From early on in his account of language, Halliday has argued that it is inherently functional. His early papers on the grammar of English make reference to the "functional components" of language, as "generalized uses of language, which, since they seem to determine the nature of the language system, require to be incorporated into our account of that system." Halliday argues that this functional organization of language "determines the form taken by grammatical structure".

Six primary factors of any speech event: speaker, addressee, context, message, code, contact.
Jakobson’s well-known framework of language functions based on the six key elements of communication:
my group member's view
phatic function directive function informative function interrogative function expressive function evocative function performative function
emotions
Conative: to persuade and influence others
through commands and entreaties)
Phatic: to establish communion with others Metalingual function: to clear up intentions,
英语语言学function of language
Halliday’s view
Interpersonal metafunction The interpersonal function refers to the grammatical choices that enable speakers to enact their complex and diverse interpersonal relations.
Jakobson’s view

•Attributive is about what attributes a certain object has, or what type it belongs to. Expressed by:
▫ Attribute—the quality, Carrier—the entity
▫ E.g. Today’s weather is going to be warm.
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Metafunctions
Ideational function 概念功能
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Metafunctions元功能
(different modes of meaning construed by the grammar)
Ideational fun--
• Generally only one participant, Behaver, often a human.
• Distinguished from Material process:
▫ Only one participant: whether the activity
concerned is physiological or psychological.
•Expressed by Identified and Identifier.(or token
and value)
•E.g. John
is our monitor.
Identified process Identifier
Token process Value
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Verbal process 言语过程
▫
Carrier
process
Attribute
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