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聚焦高考中的不定式考点

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聚焦高考中的不定式考点 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,在句中不能单独作谓语,但仍保留动词的某些特点。不定式的形式及其语法功能是不定式学习的重点和难点。下面就近年来高考中涉及的诸多考点例析如下: 一、 不定式时态、语态等形式的考查 1. 对不定式完成式的考查。 He claimed ____ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. (1998上海高考) A. being badly treated B. treating badly C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated (有下划线的选项为正确答案,下同) 考点归纳: a. 不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。常见句式有: "be said / reported / thought / considered / supposed / believed to have done"; "seem / happen / appear to have done"。如: He is said to have written another new book. = It is said that he has written another new book. I happen to have seen the film. = It happens that I have seen the film. b. 不定式的完成式可表示过去一种没有实现的动作。一般与表示愿望的动词如expect, intend, wish, hope, mean, think, suppose, want, plan等的过去时态以及should like(love)等搭配。如: I'd like to have gone with them. (实际上并没去) He intended to have come yesterday. (实际上并没来) = He had intended to come yesterday. 2. 对不定式进行式的考查。 -How did you know the surprising news? -I happened ________ the event then. (自拟题) A. to cover B. to be covering C. covering D. to have covered 考点归纳: 不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词的动作同时发生。通常放在seem / pretend / appear / happen to be doing 等句式中进行考查。如: When I came in, he pretended(seemed)to be reading. 3. 对不定式被动式的考查。 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it. (2002 NMET) A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen 考点归纳: a. 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动语态。不定式的主、被动语态应参照不定式的逻辑主语来确定。如: He had to shout to be heard. (划线部分为不定式的逻辑主语,下同) Give the children some books to read. This book is said to have been translated into many languages. b. 当expensive, comfortable, interesting, dangerous, hard, difficult, easy, light, heavy, fit等形容词在句中作表语时,不定式用主动式。如: The water is not fit to drink. The book is interesting to read. 4. 对不定式否定形式的考查。 The patient was warned ________ oily food after the operation. (1996 NMET) A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. no eating 考点归纳: not / never 等否定副词应放在不定式符号to 的前面构成否定。如: He got up early in order not to miss the early bus. (=so as not to ) 5. 对不定式所表时间概念的考查。 With a lot of difficult problems _____ , the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled (2002上海春季高考) 考点归纳: 不定式与现在分词、过去分词相比,在时间概念上含有"还没发生,即将来"的意义。如: The meeting to be held next week is of great importance. (表示将来) The meeting being held now is of great importance. (表示现在) The meeting held last week is of great importance. (表示过去) 二、 不定式在句子中功能的考查 1. 不定式作补语。(涉及的要点多为高考重要考点) My advisor encouraged ___ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (2004北京高考) A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 考点归纳: 不定式作补语的常见句式有: a. ask sb. to do sth. 能用该结构的动词很多。如:advise, allow, ask, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, permit, persuade, remind, request, teach, tell, urge, want, warn。同时要记住hope, suggest, demand, welcome等不可用于该结构中。如: I forbid you to enter the room. b. make / let / have sb. do sth. ; hear / watch / see / notice / feel / observe sb. do sth. 使役动词和感官动词用不定式作宾补时,不定式不带to。如: They watched the children play football. 2. 不定式作状语。 (主要考查作目的状语或结果状语) _______ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001北京春季高考) A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 考点归纳: a. 通常只用不定式作目的状语,而不用分词。用in order to 或so as to 来加强语气。如: He came to see me yesterday. In order to get there early we started out without breakfast. (句首一般不用So as to ) b. 结果状语,通常是一种没有料到的结果。常和only 连用。如: He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. (没有料到的结果) He dropped his glass, breaking it into pieces. (现在分词表示一种自然结果) 3. 不定式作定语。 There are five pairs ________ , but I'm at a loss which to buy. (99上海高考) A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing 考点归纳: a. 带有介词的不定式短语作定语时,介词不可省去。如: I want to find a pen to write with. 但在现代英语中,当被不定式所修饰的名词是place, time 或way 时,作其定语的不定式后面的介词通常省略。如: Many children can't find a place to play(in). b. 不定式的主、被动作定语时的区别。如: I can't go out with you, and I have a lot of clothes to wash. Tom, do you have any clothes to be washed? 第一句不定式的逻辑主语是I,所以不定式用主动;第二句根据语境可以理解为妈妈帮Tom 洗,而不是Tom 本人洗,因而不定式用被动。 4. 不定式作宾语(主语)。 In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving ______their products more competitive. (2002上海高考) A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made

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高中英语不定式知识点整理

高中英语不定式知识点整理

The Infinitive三、动词不定式在句中作用1.主语To be a good teacher requires patience.It is important for you to use your time wisely.It is brave of him to dive from the cliff.it 形式主语•(1)It is +adj.+ (for sb.) to do…•easy/difficult/hard/right/wrong/unnecessary…•(2)It is/was +adj. + (of sb.) to do…•kind/clever/foolish/strange/polite…•(3) It is +名词+ to do...• a pity/an honor/one’s duty/no easy job/good manners…2.宾语We hope to have more opportunities to talk with native speakers.They asked her how to get to the railway station.(常以不定式作宾语的动词：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, bother, care, choose, claim, decide, desire, expect, fail, help, intend, learn, manage, offer,plan, prepare, pretend,refuse, threaten, wish等)辨析不定式与动名词：1) 动词remember, forget, regret后接动名词表示已经做过的动作,不定式表示没有做过或将要做的动作.•I remember seeing him yesterday.•I remember having seen him before.•Please remember to see him today.2)动词like, love, hate, begin, start既可用动名词也可用不定式作宾语,意思基本相同，但动名词表经常性的动作，不定式偏向一次性动作。

高考英语 不定式的用法归纳课件 人教

高考英语 不定式的用法归纳课件 人教

He is said to be studying abroad now.
作主语
不定式短语作主语时，如果很长，往往放在谓语 动词之后，用it作形式主语。 1. To see is to believe. 2. It is hard to give up smoking. => It is + adj. + to do… 3. It is our duty to protect the environment. => It is + n. + to do…
进行式 to be not to be
无
无
doing doing
完成进 to have not to have
行式 been been doing 无
无
doing
特点：
1. 不定式可以带自己的宾语或状语，构成不定式 短语。
2. 不能单独作谓语。没有人称和数的变化。 3. 可相当于名词，可作主语，宾语，表语； 4. 相当于形容词，修饰名词作定语； 5. 相当于副词，作状语，表目的，原因，结果，
条件。
6. 不定式的逻辑主语用for sb. / of sb. to do ① It is easy for them to work out the problem ② It is wrong/ right/ kind/ nice/ generous/ … of
you to say so.
7. 不定式的一般式表示此动作往往和谓语动 词几乎同时或后于它发生．
不定式的用法归纳
to do 的用法
不定式的形式
时态
主动语态
被动语态
肯定式 否定式 肯定式 否定式
一般式 to do not to do
高考必备语法——动词不定式的讲解及练习课件(共29张)

高考必备语法——动词不定式的讲解及练习课件(共29张)

做状语目的、原因、结果或条件
I came here to see you. （目的）
We were very excited to hear the news. （原 因）
He hurried to the
school to find nobody there. （结 果）
To look at him, you would like him. （条 件）
• I don’t know what to do. 。 • I haven’t decided how to go there. • The map can show you where to go.
动词不定式的句法功能
• 4.动词feel, believe, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语 代替真正的宾语 - 动词不定式，而把真正的宾语放在句末。句子 结构是...feel / find / make / ... it + adj. / n. + to do...。
•
You have to believe in yourself. That's the secret of success. 人必须相信自己，这是成功的秘诀。
•
动词不定式的时态和语态
不定式的被动式: 如果不定式与所修饰的词构成被动关系时则用被动式。
• It is a good thing for him to have been criticized. （逻辑主语him 和critize之间是被动关系)
• 【例如】 • It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve. • It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only. • It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.
高考英语-动词不定式-知识点考点全梳理

高考英语-动词不定式-知识点考点全梳理

高考英语-动词不定式-知识点考点全梳理动词不定式在句中的成分1，作主语：To read English aloud is very important 大声朗读英语是很重要的It's very important to read English aloud 大声朗读英语是很重要的。

2，作宾语：I want to play football 我想要踢足球。

I find it easy to study English 我发现学习英语是很容易的。

3，作表语：My plan is to study English well 我的计划就是把英语学好。

4，作定语：I must find a man to talk 我必须找到一个人去聊天I have nothing to do 我没有可以做的事情。

5，作状语；We did a lot of work just to improve our abilities我们做这么多的工作就是为了提高我们的能力。

He got up early that day ，only to be told that it's Saturday5，作补语：He asked me to do homework 他叫我去写作业He was asked to finish the work 他被叫去完成这个工作。

二，疑问词+不定式的句子成分1，做主语：How to study English well is so important 如何把英语学好是很重要的。

2，做表语：My question is how to find it 我的问题就是如何找到它。

3，做宾语：If you want to know what to eat，you must have a menu 如果你想要知道吃什么？你必须有一个菜单。

He is worrying about where to go 他正在担心去哪里不定式的几种时态形式You seems to play football well你好像踢足球还不错（状态）You seems to be playing football very happily on the playground你好像正在操场上打球很开心哦（动作）You seems to have played football for two hours你好像已经踢足球已经两个小时了。