雅思阅读同义词替换表

雅思阅读替换同义词雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换，句型替换，语法替换，以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：1.rigid/stiff/unchanged/little change僵硬的，一成不变的2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost4.proportion/percentage 比例5.be involved (in)/involve in/involvement[n.]涉及，卷入，参与6.given/considering , in regard to/despite/although有鉴于、考虑到，尽管6.induce [v] 引入，引导，引诱/inductive [n] 归纳>< deduce/deductive推断7. fortune/destiny/chances8.deplete 开采完，耗尽/exhaust–exhaust emission (尾气)排放/exploitplex 错综复杂的/complicated/sophisticated老奸巨滑的，复杂的10.capacity能力，容量/competence（竞争）能力/ability能力（笼统的）11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ensure (insure)/guarantee 押金12. solely/merely/only13.a vast array of 系列/a great variety of 花样，品种/a great rang 系列of14.pesticide 杀虫/suicide 自杀/homicide/murder杀人15. believe/assume(responsibility)/suppose16.授权，委托：authorize/commission 佣金/entitle 头衔+ment =right （权利）17. purchase/buy18. ethnic 种族的/ethic 伦理，道德的+ s =[n]19. modify/change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]20. insight/knowledge/learning/understanding/knowing21.constrain拘泥，限制/restrict 限制/limit22.circumstance 环境（社会）/surroundings/environment 环境（环保）背景background 后台/settings后台，布景/context 上下文（文章中）23.notorious 臭名昭著的/flagrant臭的><fragrant 香的24.移民：immigrant (进来)/emigrant(出去)/migrant25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/thriving/booming（人口，行业）/flourishing26.神圣的：divine/heavenly/holy/sacred27.有毒的：poisonous/toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的)28.致命的：deadly/fatal/lethal/mortal29.类似于：look like/resemble30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term长期的31.网恋：virtual love/cyber love32.网友：on-line/net/cyberfriend上网（聊天）chat on line/go on-line cyber café/网吧33.evolve-evolution进化/revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/involve-involution 卷入，涉及34. indicator/predictor表示诠释，预测35. indicate/demonstrate/display/exhibit/betray36. therapist/expert/specialist37. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/merit/virtue/length38. commonest/frequent39. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/underdeveloped40. 退化：degenerate/-tion [n] ->generate 生产，制造/degrade->grade 等级/deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下41. 分类：category-categorize/class-classify42.consequence后果->影响/subsequence紧跟其后/sequence=order秩序/frequency 频率43.clash冲突（民族，种族）/crash 飞机坠毁44. Substitution=> substitute sth. for sb./replace45.alternative=> 选择性，代替性，辅助性46.孤立：isolate/alienate/insulate隔绝，排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior)绝缘，隔（体）47．缺点，不足之处：defect/flaw/failing/disadvantage/drawback48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/innovative (-tion)/creative(-tion)/ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty)=>[n]/creative/revolutionary(易错拼写：environment/convenient)49．neutral中立的，中性的/negative 否定，消极，阴性的/positive 肯定，积极，阳性的50．ambiguous->ambiguity模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscuremunicate 沟通，传达52.accommodate 1供...食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使…停靠53. commitment ~ to sth. 奉献2责任,义务54．contribute to 导致~ result in/account for(占据)导致54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/insufficient/deficient/lack (of)/short(of)55.强调：emphasize/stress/highlight/focus on/concentrate明显的：apparently 显而易见的/patently道貌岸然的/obviously=>evidently56.对…怀疑：(be)/skeptical/skeptical/dubious/suspicious (about/of)57.缺点，缺陷：drawback/fault/defect/imperfection/failing/weakness/shortcoming/flaw58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/flagrant/smelly/odorous59.机构，组织：association/structure/organization60.超过：exceed/surpass61.岩浆：molten rock/lava/magma62.语言：linguist ~学家/lingual和~有关的/bilingual/双语63.多种多样的：diversity/variety/breed/speciesbreed：[n]品种，[v]繁殖，培养，引起，造成64.dialect 方言accent腔调65.开始的，初步的：begin/launch/initial (-ly) [v]首字母，开始的/initiate开始，发动>initiative 原创性= origin66.贫穷：poor/in poverty/impoverished（被剥夺财产的）67.杰出：eminence (-t)/prominence(-t)/unusual68.gene/genetic defect ~缺陷/anatomy解剖/conceive构思，怀孕/deliver分娩69.辅助性：alternative补充性/therapist70.演绎，推理：deduce->deductive/inferential >< induce 引导，引入，归纳-> induction归纳71.令人困惑的：bewildering/puzzling/perplexing72.apply：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于73.subsidize辅助/subsidy补助，补贴/subsidiary74.a factor in sth./depend on sth.75.be preferred by/choice76. attitude to/how77. the present century/modern society78. broad/great79.in term of 按照，在…方面，关于/with regard to, in spite of 不顾，尽管80. small-scale 小范围/marginal边缘处的81. physical/medical82.negotiation/agreement 谈判，洽谈/商定，协议83. evolve/develop84.apartment/accommodation 公寓/住房85.virtual (love)/simulate模拟的（网恋）/模拟86.catastrophe/disaster 大灾难/灾难，不幸87.innovate/invent 革新，创新/发明，创造sculpture/craft 雕刻，雕塑/工艺88.exorbitant/expensive 过度的，极高的/费用大的，昂贵的89. be participant in/take part in/participate inbour[美，澳]/work91.attend to/take care of92.dual employment/dual-worker双职工（家庭）93.indicate/predict 指示，表明，象征/预料，预言A major contributor to/be central to 来源，起点/是…的主要，中心原因94.expert/therapist 专家，能手；知识丰富的/某个专科的专家95.lead to/be associated with 相联系（带来…的好处）96.balanced/equitable平等的97.handicap/disabled/primitive 残疾的，落后的98. could not-and cannot/has always been unable to by/from99.benefit/advantage100.substantialinfluence/greater likelihood101.agree on/define102.considereddesirable/effectiveness103.masquerade/(in) disguise伪装104.insignificant/didn’t seriously 不重要/不严重的105.inspect/examine审核,检查106．caliber/criterion 标准107．no-one know>< notorious无人知晓><臭名昭著的108．dissatisfy/argue 不满意/厌恶，讨厌109.pessimism/negative/blue >< optimistic 悲观的，忧郁的>< 乐观的110.unsatisfactory/hardly be looked upon111.identify/define恒星英语论坛112.turn… into/become113.urban/rural/suburban114.demolish/knock down/dismantle 毁坏，拆毁（建筑物）/敲，打115.migration/move 迁移/移动116.pay/charge sb. for向某人…猛攻，充电，负责，付费，控诉117.separate/split 分开，使隔绝，提取/分，劈开118.fascination/attraction (-e:[v]) 迷住，吸引住119.notrequire/unnecessary 不需要/不必要120.decode/decipher 译解（密码），解释121.delay/drawback= disadvantage 耽误，延迟/欠缺，弊端122.association/organization 机构，关联/组织123.recent/current/nowadays/present 最近的/现代的/当今的/现在124.intensiveburst/explosiverelease 强烈的爆发/爆炸性的释放125.recognized/identified 承认，识别，认可/识别，鉴别126.aim to/focus on 针对，目标，打算/集中127.link…to/lead to连接/导致，通向128. inadequate (diet)/deficiency (in trace minerals) 不充分，不适当的/缺乏，不足129.basic/fundamental基础的，基本的130.seize/catch 捕捉，抓住131.fatal/lethal 致命的132.success on/running on 成功133.costly/be related by有关系的134.be obtained in/be derived in 获得，流行，通用/由…产生，起源于135.high-income/wealthy 高收入的/富裕的136.be alike/be similar to 相同的，相似的137.indicate/show显示，指出，象征138. eliminate/lessen >< 消除/减少139. not risen significantly/stagnate 停滞不前的140.salary/wage 工资：总称/蓝领的141.create/gain创造，造成/获得，增加efficiently/increased productivity 有效率的/上升的生产率142.economy/financial 经济143. administration/management144.(be) sympathetic/understand 同情的，赞同/理解145.introduce/involve 引入/卷入146.change/different来源:恒星英语网147.die>< exist死亡><存在148.almost/approximately149.be out of date/be developed150.solve/reduce 减少151.famous/eminent152.barrier/hurdle153.higher position/top post154.Advantage: virtue, merit, benefit , positive aspect, strength, 好处,优点,长处155.Disadvantage: weakness, failing, weakness, defect, drawback, negative aspect, fault不利,缺点,缺陷156.Casual: arbitrary, unplanned, unexpected,随意的157.Effective: efficient, effectual, fruitful, productive, valid多效的158.Criticize: reproach, blame, 批评159.Flaw: weakness, defect缺点160.Ability; capability, power, caliber能力161.Dishonest: deceptive不诚实的162.Fair: equitable, equal, impartial, 公平的163.Success: achievement, feat成功来源:恒星英语网164.Reason:factor, contributor, origin, 原因165.Result: outcome, consequence, implication结果166.Result from: arise from, originate from, be due to, thanks to, 由于，因为167.Give rise to: contribute to, lead to, result in, cause, breed, create, incur导致168.Disaster: catastrophe 灾难169.Pollute: contaminate污染170.Poisonous: toxic 有毒的171.Decrease; fall, drop, plunge, decline, step back, downward, minimize, abate下降172.Increase: rise, go up, surge, grow, 上升173.Growing: increasing, rising, 上升的。

雅思阅读中的同义词替换汇总1abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up 动词，均有“放弃〞之意abandon〓强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。

desert〓着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味。

forsake〓侧重断绝感情上的依恋，自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。

也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。

leave〓普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止同一某人的关系，但不涉及动机与果。

give up〓普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。

2ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, petence, faculty, gift, aptitude ，名词，均有“能力〞之意ability〓普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。

capacity〓侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指承受与领悟能力。

capability〓多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。

常与of或for连用。

genius〓语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。

talent〓着重指人某方面具有可开展和倍养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。

petence〓正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，到达胜任某项工作等的要求。

faculty〓指特殊的才能或智力。

gift〓着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领，常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。

aptitude〓多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力，常暗示承受能力强，能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。

3able, capable, petent，形容词，均有“有能力的〞之意able〓最常用词，多用于褒义，着重指多方面的，经常性的，或潜在性的能力。

有时也指高超、非凡的能力。

capable〓语气弱于able，指有能力、有潜力或有条件做某事，常与of连用。

雅思阅读中的同义词替换汇总1. abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up：这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意abandon:强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。

desert:着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味。

forsake:侧重断绝感情上的依恋，自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。

也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。

leave:普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止同一某人的关系，但不涉及动机与果。

give up:普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。

2. ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude这些名词均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。

ability:普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。

capacity:侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。

capability:多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。

常与of或for连用。

genius:语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。

talent:着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。

competence:正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求。

faculty:指特殊的才能或智力。

gift:着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领，常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。

aptitude:多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力，常暗示接受能力强，能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。

3. able, capable, competent：这些形容词均含有“有能力的，能干的”之意able:最常用词，多用于褒义，着重指多方面的，经常性的，或潜在性的能力。

雅思阅读同义词替换汇总表雅思四册TEST1PASSAGE1文章题目not in the face of ignorealarming rate of loss plightaccept idea form opinionformal tuition classroomharbor holdmisconception mistaken view curriculum science sciencemultifaceted largermodification changethinking understandingthe commonest the most frequent geographic location wheredominant idea common responsehabitat livedestruction of rainforests loss of rainforests responsibility responsiblemajority mostsurvive existenceneed rely onsurprising unexpectedlymedia coverage newspapers and television contribute to asglobal warming the world gets warmer destruction destroy雅思四册TEST1PASSAGE2文章题目not known not certainunable nodegenerated or rudimentary underdeveloped particularly sensitive very sensitiveextremely keen vision in water exceptional in water primarily usuallyin general employ usecourtship matingfeed eattrack followwell-developed best developed雅思四册TEST1PASSAGE3文章题目appreciate recognizebe taken aback surpriseshow representmotion movementmeaning understandingquickly rapida list of a set ofexplore investigateunderstand perceiverelate fitall everyonelink to assign toresemble similarconclude conclusioninterpret comprehendas similar雅思四册TEST2PASSAGE1文章题目linguistic diversity the great variety of languages breed as a result ofgovernment policy government initiativethe deadliest weapon factordisappear/vanish die outgrowing interest increasing appreciationlearn teachsurvive survivalon written form writebilingualism more than one languagenot survive endangeredpreventing a language dying out saving languages from extinction like preserving fruits in a jar not satisfactorythought the way we thinkaffect determineteens young peopleold traditions the established way of lifenot want rejectshift changelose lossendanger die outdisappear loss雅思四册TEST2PASSAGE2文章题目unusual differWestern world Western countries conservative attitude/loath reluctantvisit consultclimb/popularity increasecontact visithigh standing of professionals higher opiniontake course retrainpractitioner therapistsbusiness/clientele salaryattend visitchronic long-termillness medical complaints雅思四册TEST2PASSAGE3文章题目not normally unusuallink-up connection enhance creativity beneficialtiming record how much time cost animals their lives physical hazards cognitive mental involvement exercisechildren humanshunt,mate and socialize as adults adult activitiesbuild muscle/endurance training/get into shape build up strength larger brain organ growthit’s to do with concerning environment surroundings kaleidoscope/a lot different contexts a wide range of improvement in endurance fitness training particular chemical specific sustenance associate link雅思四册TEST3PASSAGE1文章题目credit loanfactor reasondemand for income poverty independence independent entrepreneurship set up their own business parents or guardians familysupply provisionlend money loancharge interest pay backmodest rates slightly morein association with other types as a part ofsupport aid雅思四册TEST3PASSAGE2文章题目continent/atmosphere/water feature of our planetnot predictable unpredictabilityfracture sectionblock any further eruption remain inactivecontinent earth’s land surfacemake produceswiftly quicklyhorizontally horizontalextrusion outcropwith tremendous force violently雅思四册TEST3PASSAGE3文章题目non-verbal behavior/facial expression body languagewritten comments taking notesage,sex,social background social situationaware self-consciousminimize lessseveral variousa large number of points general specific data convenience convenientunavoidable necessarymany the number ofenable allowlimitation missstatement commentunbiased objectivelyenable cancover the language as a whole a wide range of languagedeal only with focus ondepend on/factor affectderive gainnative speaker of the language those who speak the language concerned coverage coversupplement additionaldata informationneed rely on雅思四册TEST4PASSAGE1文章题目the early years of the twentieth century about1900 explosive release intensive burst greatly dramatic increasing growingglobal international possess the unique complement of genes giftedidentify recognizeearly at a younger age US Americanrely on onmethod approachfocus on aim toincrease develop deficiency in trace minerals inadequate diet lead to link toenable records to be broken set new records focused betterplay a role keyimportant useful comprehend/understanding explain understanding current knowledge fundamental basic雅思四册TEST4PASSAGE2文章题目creative imagination creativity investigating investigationand as well aspartly include interpretation translatewhat these things mean for the human story ancient languages film moviereality realistic portrayal picturein a more restricted sense in more than one way record documentbreak down into subdivideevolve evolutionary dwelling buildinground/square shapewhy reasontool and weapons/material objectswritten word written records importance valuablejust as/rather like compare雅思四册TEST4PASSAGE3文章题目be faced with be sharedeconomic progress economic development sustain sustainableobligation or duty roleconsequence impactawareness realizationincrease risedramatic sharpeconomic progress economic growthprovide produceit was assumed without question that beliefaccept acceptanceensure guaranteeprovide provisionself-determining independenceat exactly the same time at about the same timefinite limitsink in become evident demographic and social changes population changesstem from/accompany have an impactpredict underestimate雅思四册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST A SECTION1文章题目scenic woodland peaceful country surroundings small charge extra feedelivery deliverluxury accommodation have dinner and stay the night warm welcome friendly greetingprevious experience,ability relevant skillslift your spirit cheer you upall the family a variety of agesmaximum attention individual guidancespecial concert public performance participation participantdevelop the confidence overcome shynessin no time rapid雅思四册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST A SECTION2文章题目have the opportunity allocateworking jobelection electchildren’s center nursery carereserve a place first come,first-served graphic and visual communication skills advertisingperform arts and the media TVconstruction,properties architecturemanage managementbusiness companypeople with special needs the disabledoffice work secretarial taskssalon,facial massage and skin care,make-up,beauty therapylash and brow treatment,artificial nailstructures and ear piercing雅思四册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST A SECTION3文章题目better-constructed narratives well-written narrativesmore impressive excellenta great deal of plenty ofmoney capitalbuy purchasepractice makeoutside the major studios not in major studios commercial success profitablecinema film industrylargest/dominant biggestpioneer firststar system responsible for creating stars commercial success make the most moneybased primarily on based more ontraditional ownplay a role influence雅思四册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST B SECTION1文章题目receive receiptreservation bookingpayment costpaid rentalbreakdown brokenrepair service have it replacedbuffet foodcatering weddingsolicitor/legal service lawyerestate and property agents livefamily rooms find somewhere to stay auditing,accountancy and taxation finance雅思四册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST B SECTION2文章题目tropical fruit bananagrowing cultivationagriculture including Beef and Dairy cattle farmingfitness instruction courses recreation programaged support program elderly careearly childhood nursing program infant illnesscoastal management beach protectionmarine industry management fishing farmingpurchase buy雅思四册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST B SECTION3文章题目pass on message communicateunravel the mystery the purpose measurement of the actual distance expressing distanceinner insidepoint directly to point in the direction of雅思五册同义词替换雅思五册TEST1PASSAGE1文章题目draw on don’t ignoreliving contemporarybe not seriously rivaled in general usedeadline time limitdifferent shades of meaning subtleties of meaningto hand availablein excess of overrecognize as be hailed as throughout Europe in many European countries confer bringoffer grantrise growrise increasebe associated with lead tofamous well knownin installment paymentdie not survive雅思五册TEST1PASSAGE2文章题目built-in/instinct/genetic biologicaltrait behaviorin the cause of explanationhave a positive effect helpbe instructed be toldadminister givecarry on continuego on continueprior to beforepredict estimatebe willing to willingnessobey comply withpredict expectedanticipate expected1000,450,etc.(number)statisticalclaim believevalue positivesocial environment sociologicalpersonal and moral code personal value individual personalsurrender more powerfulin essence general雅思五册TEST1PASSAGE3文章题目get worse pessimistic viewa hit-list of a number ofassociate linknot accelerate slow downrestrict slow downless not increase lopsidedness selectionfunding financialmoney fundsoverstate exaggerate argument claim skepticism criticism newspapers and broadcasters newspaper print items want expectation distortion of perception misleadtrash wasterubbish wastefuture long-term pressing urgent雅思五册TEST2PASSAGE1文章题目reshape mould into new forms like in a similar way totally entirelyfirst in origin distinction uniquea number of severalfactor reasonimmense greatprogress advancedomain fieldfind search substitute alternativesuch as likebe called be known assuch as e.g.granular grindextreme heat intense heat extract removepopular fashionableflow into the mould fill the mould today modern-day popularity welcomedin its early years immediatelyno disdain welcomed雅思五册TEST2PASSAGE2文章题目biological biologicallydub considerexpress the idea believefeel believesafely controlledpsychic tension nervous energy puncture releasemodern theorists current thinkingsettle on not ignorebelief viewartificial intelligence language understanding and reasoning inmachinespresent useactivity activateassociate with involve with demanding difficultrapid instantlyas a result of becauserespond reactperson’s outlook person’s subjective views depend on relate towork operationpretty good valuable雅思五册TEST2PASSAGE3文章题目exploitation exploit development revolutionscientists socially privileged thinkers lack Have neither A nor Ba suitable writing style a new kind of writing describe descriptionlose momentum be overtakengrowth developas as a direct result of competitive competition雅思五册TEST3PASSAGE1文章题目family configuration family typea cross-section of the range of disappointing failexplanation reason phenomenal positiveresult outcomea cross-section of a variety ofsocio-economic status poor and wealthydisappointing do not succeedprovide supplynot substantial insufficientin an attempt to be designed toovercome educational under-achievement improve educational development auditory listeningverbal speakinglanguage ability interact with othersadvance score highly雅思五册TEST3PASSAGE2文章题目sediment sedimentationfood chain food productionpoison threatbe being eroded/scour away disappearsignificance valuableerode erosioncoast/coastline coastalhold back sediment land lossa lot of sediment high levels of sedimentpollution pollutantSignificantly/dramatically markedbuild up increasein the immediate future in the short term雅思五册TEST3PASSAGE3文章题目spot camouflaged vehicles on a battlefield militarydisparate separatefield areaunify bring togetherre-enter/rehabilitation againignite public debate become a common topic of conversation term expressionemail/web pages information available electronically meet this challenge deal with difficultiespeak not lowest pointencapsulate reflectundue optimism original expectationboost benefitinvestor investment雅思五册TEST4PASSAGE1文章题目booming expansion wilderness regions fragile regions hunting animals and fish and collecting fruits food-supplyall across the world international impacts effectsprofound disruptiveneeds demands aspiration needslittle or no lowinvestment financial cost attraction attractive seasonality/defined parts of the year Not throughout the year ecology ecologicalculture culturallylead to result indecline fallfarm output and a change in the local diet food produced locally traditionally traditionalhunting animals and fish and collecting fruits food-gathering undermine damagelocal population local community renaissance reviveestablish business produce and sell雅思五册TEST4PASSAGE2文章题目rare/few and far between unusualsay claimpress publicitydon’t want suppressthe oldest the most extremefail failureanalyze examineevery glass pane all the glass strength strongstandard glass ordinary glassrazor-sharp sharptiny smallwithout warning/unpredictable unexpectedly620°heatrapidly quicklymake manufacture interior innertensile force tensioncreate formdisagree disputedata evidenceimpossible to find not plentyalmost certainly no doubt雅思五册TEST4PASSAGE3文章题目considerable plentyexperimental evidence scientific evidencespecies typesinduce encouragebreed even in midwinter breed out of season vegetative state life cyclecue triggernot yet have yet togrowth growingexcellent usefulfluctuate greatly from day to day unpredictableare known as are referred to as regardless of photoperiod do not respond to light levels temperate-zone birds birds in temperate climatesby depend onfertilization reproducegerminate,flower and seed reproductionnever reach a maximum no limitlike such asassured availabilityincreasing day length longer daystolerant tolerance雅思五册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST A SECTION1文章题目purchase buya minimum of two months within two months overnight next-daypaintings/photography/informative text artnesting site and migration patterns fieldhiker bushwalkingatlas/maps/land/climate Geographicaaround the globe worldmountain bike two wheelsthe A-Z of encyclopediaanimals wildlifeprehistoric animals dinosaurgraphic pictorialoutdoor safety survival techniques in the Wildcar tour driving adventure雅思五册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST A SECTION2文章题目fee costsupport assistancein other countries in countries other than the USAany no restrictionassessment transcript,relevant award documentation learning method class participation,presentation and projects,lecture,seminar,case studies,class workshop new first day雅思五册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST A SECTION3文章题目need requiredeprive deprivationfound that resultresearchers investigationsleep disturbance sleep disorderwhy reasonsleep reduction therapy overcome sleep-related problems regulating the time people go to bed and whenlifestyle changesthey get up,improve sleep qualityenable the body to rest and replenish,allowingremain mentally and physically healthytime for repairs to take place and for tissue tobe regeneratedpill man-made productsales have increased commercializedsleep disorder sleeplessnesssleeping pattern sleeping habitchange with age physical changefive stages and four cycles processrepeat more than oncefive stages various stagesmovement move雅思五册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST B SECTION1文章题目wear shoes footwearit is better warnmarshal officialevery half-hour frequencycomputer-driven technologicaltime traveltravel back through the centuries,travel to thetwenty-third centurynovel booklaunch a new science fiction introductionseries a set ofnow present-daytravelogue travelrobberies crimelook into investigate雅思五册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST B SECTION2文章题目should advisedexclusive excludingpay chargeavailable obtainno space for parking inconvenient for car owners broadband Internet surfing the Webrecent initiative new optionthe academic year a yearprivately-owned does not belong to the College communal not have your own雅思五册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST B SECTION3文章题目the numbers have been falling,decrease inthreatpopulationover2000species variations in typeevery part of the globe distributionattract/tourists attractionlife is divided into four distinct stages life-cyclehot heathatch productionadult adulthoodlife liveclear not unknowndecline decreasingcauses reasondamp wet雅思六册同义词替换雅思六册TEST1PASSAGE1文章题目skills expertisea number of sports different sports apply one to others exchangefocus on one aim narrow the scope scientific questions research activity3D/digital camera visual imagecopy reproduce finance fund championship eventwill be in the future prepare plandevelop produceslice not improve雅思六册TEST1PASSAGE2文章题目global economy world economy grow/rise/expand increaseat a compound rate of about twice a greater ratelose its advantages not effective competitive effective geographic neighbors nearby nations disproportionately preferdisk-drive computer components influence effectpurchase rely on domestic market local supplier innovation/invention introductionkeep a much firmer hand on reduce雅思六册TEST1PASSAGE3文章题目unusual incidents unprecedented events hardships difficulttreeless polar desert that’s covered with snow landscape provisions supplierimpact effecthave more credibility and weight respectknowledge understandinggap/uncertainty limitedget some idea appreciatehardships problemsventure into visitout of the question impossiblesurvive sustenanceby rely onexploit catch4500years ago for thousands of years environment surroundingstest them to the limits push to their limitswell adapted not unmanageable descendants present inhabitants harsh strugglea handful of a fewover the past40years in recent years abandon give upway lifestylerely heavily on depend mainly on costly/￡7000a year expensive雅思六册TEST2PASSAGE1文章题目win/work spectacular well successfullocal pressure people powerfar higher increasecommuting time traveling time wealthy higher incomes pushing everyone into the city center overcrowded centernot a best approach avoiddispersal in population population distribution lead to impacttransport public and private system create a better place to live improve the quality of life preference preferinner not outerbicycle-friendly high level of bicycle usage not special only averagely good minimal public transport inefficient public transporthard inappropriaterail network rail transport system work spectacular well profitably雅思六册TEST2PASSAGE2文章题目gather data carry out research medical complaints medical problemsin this age group,associated with old age age-relatedmajor most common smaller/fewer and fewer fallingafflict suffer researchers scientists American the United States confirm show accelerating increasing medical medicine advance development improvements improved contributing play a partsurge increasecause/influence/effect due tobetter-educated education correlation linklive longer life expectancy represent showsignificant drop considerable reduction elderly oldsuggest meanfinancial burden costexpected previously predicted increasing self-reliance more independent maintaining a level of regular amounts of physical activity exercisehelp mental functioning prevent mental decline lower levels of stress reduce stress emotionally isolated lonelinesshigher levels of stress rise in levels of stress雅思六册TEST2PASSAGE3文章题目grow plants and herd animals farming paramount necessarya sophisticated system a developed system limited restrictedqualify as a witness fulfill a civic rolea sense of number arithmetic fundamental step necessarynot attachment separateparticular objects physical objectsvery first stage earlyis this enough sufficiencyhow many quantityrather than more important resolve confusion prevent misunderstanding gesture language body languagelack of ability not be able todeal with large numbers express large numbers average generallynot as familiar with numbers poor counting ability distinct not the samerelics oldlater newer雅思六册TEST3PASSAGE1文章题目14Boulevard des Capucines in Paris locationmedium for telling stories focus on stories become come tohappen so quickly changing speed American life and values other culturesstars actorsbe worth trying importantshock reactinitial firstall that mattered importantat first very earlyflow of time passing of timeIt was by no means obvious uncertainmovie big screen雅思六册TEST3PASSAGE2文章题目have establishspecific goals targetsreceive comments give feedback achievable realistic personalize individuals performance achievementmake rewards contingent on link rewards totransparent/equitable/equal fairmobile/leave losehighest skills and experience more skilledbe prone to tend toworkers employees independence not well suited to team work manipulative manipulatedperceive feelparticipation participateremuneration/salary/bonus earningspublicise/openly communicate/visible discloseless important less neednear the top of their list importantadvancement promotionrate sth very highly judge sth to be important雅思六册TEST3PASSAGE3文章题目researchers studiesnote showtreatment drugson the market availableslow human aging delay the process of growing old findings scientific evidencecaloric restriction eating fewer caloriesdelay aging/increase longevity extend human lifefew mortals not many peopleharsh not attractivenot liver longer shorter livesfree-feeding eat what they wanted reduce risk for diabetes less likely to become diabetic decreased likelihood of heart disease reduce chance of heart disease not have lower levels greater quantity of minimize the amount lessgeneration productionpossibility/explanation/contribute to becauseemission emithypothesis becausescare in short supply emphasize focus on雅思六册TEST4PASSAGE1文章题目pharmaceutical company drug companiesoffer sb sth expect sth from sb$1000honoraria financial incentives responsibility responsibleescalating extravagance increasemarketing promotiontremendous advantage positive sidebe not influenced be not persuadedaffect what physicians prescribe promotion worksmarketing practices marketing techniques criticize criticismethical judgment moral groundsuse to doctorsget the attention of busies doctors in need ofquick informationdoctor/nurse healthcare environmentwatch clearly visibledrug promotionTablet bearing a pharmaceutical company’slogo/pen emblazoned with a drug’s nameHave every right legitimatemake a profit make money雅思六册TEST4PASSAGE2文章题目300000large numbers ofadults men and womenlearn teachaccept the idea knowdecades for many yearschildren’s chances of survival child healthwoman’s ability to read maternal literacyexamine investigatevalue its children more highly attitudes to children teaching reading to poor adult women maternal literacychildren infanteducate learn to readchild mortality infant mortalityfigure rateremain more or less unchanged staywork as well successfulEducation budget Money spent on female education雅思六册TEST4PASSAGE3文章题目survey researcha quarter of commoneffectlead to suicide/make the child feel unworthyand depressedchange new approachexperience difficulties have difficultyinterpersonal relationships relationshipsas adults in later lifebe halved decline by50%intervention campaign anti-bullying campaignkey step important stepdevelop produceclearly quite clearexplicit detailedwhat will be done reactearly phases of development early part of the processalone on its ownshort-term not permanentliable potentialdistinguish recognize the difference supervisor supervision雅思六册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST A SECTION1文章题目weekends and nights outside normal working hours primary point of contact speak firstbasic information general informationrequest askbrief details explainyour symptoms or illness your problemrelocate movehave a record of your telephone number new contact detailsnil notshow look atreport to sb talk to sbmember staff coordinator雅思六册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST A SECTION2文章题目on the basis of onevery second year not every yearapplicants studentsfull-free scholarship pay100%of the student’s tuition fees half-free scholarship50%of one year’s feesno charge no feeformatted floppy disk floppy diskat any time at all timesbook reserveaccess usebe advised to do should雅思六册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST A SECTION3文章题目developmentmore prosperous/large total population/increased per capita consumptionwater-intensive/consume70%of the world’sthirstyfresh waterimprove successfulcharge/cost/incentive/commodity/market economiccut back on reduceloss/leak wasteenvironment/ecosystem/grass/vegetation/plants natural resourcesgrim prospect futureincrease riserapidly dramaticallymore increasinglyincreased growinglarger biggertotal population global populationprice increases charge high pricesimprove the rate substantially dramatically increasehigh levels of water-use efficiency increase the efficiencyuse applicationprevent protectbetter improved improvedaffect interfereadd to worsenAfrica,the Middle East and the Mediterranean many countries雅思六册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST B SECTION1文章题目academic staff/education teachershospital and medical staff nurseshigher education universityself-employment start your own business hospitality hotelgovernment position jobs in public administration rural/farm agriculturalcasual work temporary workonline Internethalf-price discountdisability wheelchair userparties of a group ofcompanion accompany。

让知识带有温度。

雅思阅读同义词替换介绍整理雅思阅读同义词替换介绍1. outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2. overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3. insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4. supply=provide=furnish=give 供应v.5. launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开头，投放v.6. suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7. detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8. handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9. peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10. positive=optimistic=uplifting 乐观的adj.11. administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12. funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.第1页/共2页千里之行，始于足下。

13. interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 浇灌n.15. sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀n.【雅思阅读同义词替换介绍】文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。

雅思阅读同义词替代(Cambridge 4) 1. ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=nottake any notice 忽视，无视v.2. encounter=face=confront=meet 碰见，遭遇v.3. mistaken view=misconception 错误观点n.4. easy to reach=accessible 容易达到adj.5. change=modify(modification) 变化v.6. destruction=destroy=loss 毁坏n.7. investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8. where=geographical location 表地点9. important=vital=essential=crucial 重要adj.10. reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus 因素n.11. protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation 保护v.12. newspapers，television=media 媒体n.13. where to live=habitat 居住地n.14. get warmer=global warming 变暖n.15. contribute to=play a part 有助于v.16. survive=continuing existence 幸存，活下来v.17. curriculum=course=syllabus 课程n.18. link to=be connected with=be linked with 把…和…相联系v.19. underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary 不发达adj.20. poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak 贫穷，可怜adj.21. exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable 超常，例外adj.22. mating=courtship 交配.23. follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker 跟随，跟踪v.24. good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好视力25. best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking 极好adj. 26. surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶adj.27. volunteer=subject 实验研究对象n.28. similar=resemble=like=alike 相似adj.29. blind=can not see 瞎adj.1. initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your owninitiative=under your own steam=to be the person who startssomething=plan=law 积极，自发adj. 积极权n.2. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=beon the increase=intensify=expand=build up 上升，增长v.3. teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up 教学v.4. more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language 各种语言n.5. determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6. young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor 年轻人n.7. community=all the people in a particular area，city，country etc团队，社区n.8. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable 传统adj.9. fail=failure=notsucceed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=gowrong=not work=do no good=fall through 失败v.10. endanger=to put someone or something in danger of beinghurt=damaged=destroyed 危及，使危险v.11. diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed 各种各样adj.12. inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid 不可避免adj.13. differ from=unusual 与…不同v.14. reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to dosomething=conservative 勉强adj.15. consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice 资询v.16. alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant 另一种17. therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form oftreatment for physical or mental illness 临床医学家n.18. retrain=taking courses 再教诲v.19. salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee 工资，收入n.20. long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged= lingering= enduring=abiding=incurable 长期adj.21. complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain 抱怨n.22. illness=disease=virus=bug=infection 疾病n.23. connection=relationship=link=correlation 联系n.24. beneficial=be good for you/do somebodygood=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful 有益adj.25. insight=comprehension=understanding 理解，看法n.26. physical=relating to the body=bodily 身体adj.27. hazard=risk=danger=threat 障碍，危险n.28. accompany=with=together=along with=come wit 陪伴,随着29. mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind 精神上，心理adj.30. possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility 也许adj.31. reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.32. class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety 种类n.33. rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise 排练，演习n.34. peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you，or whohave the same type of job，social class etc 同伴n.35. defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something againstattack 防御n.36. strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 办法，功略n.37. assist=help=aid=with the aid of 协助v.38. specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=gointo more=greater detail=be more specific=be more explicit=elaborate 特定adj.39. substance= a particular type of solid，liquid，or gas 物质n.40. surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.41. engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=signup 雇佣v.42. combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute 联合v.43. survival=the state of continuing to live or exist 幸存n.1. quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book，speech etc which yourepeat in a speech or piece of writing because it is interesting oramusing 引言n.2. exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example ofsomething=to give an example of something 例证v.3. explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=gothrough=throw/shed light on=set out 解释v.4. outline= to describe something in a general way，giving the mainpoints but not the details 概述v.5. purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end 目n.6. encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to dosomething=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebodyup to 勉励v.7. loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.8. poverty= being poor 贫穷n.9. crime= illegal activities in general 犯罪n.10. reject=to refuse to accept，believe in，or agree with something 回绝v.11. employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=signup 雇佣v.12. courier=a person or company that is paid to take packagessomewhere 快递员n.13. storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14. facility=rooms，equipment，or services that are provided for aparticular purpose 设备n.15. ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive=determined to be successful，rich，powerful etc.adj.16. effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive 努力n.17. feature= a part of something that you notice because it seemsimportant，interesting，or typical；a part of the land，especially a part that you can see：a part of someone's face，such as their eyes，nose etc 特点n.18. planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.19. unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测adj.20. machinery=machines，especially large ones= a system or set ofprocesses for doingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n. 21. ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most importantaim，that they hope to achieve in the future= final 最后，主线adj. 22. atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixtureof gases that surrounds the Earth 氛围；大气n.23. occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turnup=arise=strike 发生v.24. expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch 扩张，扩大v.25. form= type= way something is/appears=shape 形式n.26. emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come intosight=come out=reappear 浮现v.27. emit= to send out gas，heat，light，sound etc 发出，放射n.28. situation= circumstances=position=case=plight 状况，状况n.29. self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like orwhat other people think of you 自觉n.30. generate= to make someone have a particular feeling=form=produce=create 产生v.31. various=there are several different types of that thing=different=avariety of something=differing=varying=an assortment ofsomething=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something 各种各样adj.32. convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick;a time or arrangement that is convenient 以便adj.33. objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观adj.34. enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=lookinto=solve=be under investigation 调查35. observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note becomeaware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive 观测v.36. comment=remark=thing to say=point=statement=announcement=declaration=observation 评论37. include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of 包括，涉及v.38. focus on=deals only with=concentrate 专注于v.39. affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make adifference=impact 影响v.40. gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have itsorigins in=have its roots in=derive from/be derived from=developfrom/evolve from 产生于…. V.41. concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry aboutsomething important 关怀，紧张n.1. official=formal=authorized=on (the) record 官方，正式adj.2. athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be ingood condition 运动adj.3. intensive=involving a lot of activity，effort，or careful attention in ashort period of time=rapid=crash course 密集，加强adj.4. burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst ofanger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发5. recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell 认出，承认v.6. inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be inshort supply=lack of something=be short 局限性adj.7. develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have itsorigins in=have its roots in=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from 发展，生长v.8. enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the wayfor=clear the way for 使可以v.9. predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess inadvance 预测v.10. specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject，or isvery skilled at it=expert 专家n.11. theoretical=relating to the study of ideas，especially scientific ideas,rather than with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience 理论adj.12. basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech 基本adj.13. nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities ofsomething=type 自然n.14. aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end 目n.15. translate=change languages=interpret=put something intoEnglish/French/Japanese etc 翻译v.16. ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history，especially thousandsof years ago 古老adj.17. realistic=when pictures，film set make things seemreal=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid 实际，现实18. field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere 领域n.19. document=a piece of paper that has official information on it;a pieceof written work that is stored on a computer 文献n.20. equal=the same in number，amount，level etc as something else 平等adj.21. influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=theimplications 影响n.22. behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on yourbest=stay out of trouble 行为n.23. compare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to showhow they are similar to or different from each other=liken=make acomparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.24. economically=in a way that is related to systems of money，trade，orbusiness 经济上地adv.25. establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a newbusiness or organization26. sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to theenvironment；able to continue for a long time 可持续adj.27. realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=beconscious=know perfectly well=know/learn from experience 意识到28. limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keepwithin=confine=fix 限制29. produce=form=create=generate 生产v.30. guarantee=promise=assure=give some body yourword=swear=vow=commit to=pledge 保证v.31. liberty=freedom=a free hand 自由n.32. independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.33. consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the sameattitudes，standards etc - usually used to show approval 持续adj. 34. underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller，cheaper,easier etc than it really is=to think that someone is not as good，clever, or skilful，as they really are 低估v.35. provision=when you provide something that someone needs now orin the future 提供n.。

让知识带有温度。

雅思阅读同义词替换的内容整理雅思阅读同义词替换的内容Cambridge 8 TEST 41. middle-year education=lower secondary school 中学2. format=pattern n.格式3. less successful student=struggler 差等生4. key=contributing factor=important=major=significant=critical n.关键5.achievement=attainment=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就6. spacious=largely=big=huge=vast=enormous=immense adj.宽阔的7. adapt=accessible=get used to=become/grow accustomed to=adjust to v.适应，可接近的8.careful=elaborate=conscientious=thorough=meticulous=methodical adj.认真的，细心的9.第1页/共2页千里之行，始于足下。

supplementary=assist=additional=extra=further=added=spare=more=anot her n.补充，关心10. effort=hard work=work at=push yourself=labour n.努力11. correct answer=accuracy n.精确12. imbalance=disorder=unequal=disproportionate n.不平衡，紊乱13. no longer respond=resistance=fight against 反抗14. cost=financial outlay=spend=charge=fare=rental=toll n.支出15. innate=built-in adj.先天的16. immunity=resistance n.免疫力17. entail=involve v.包含18. circumstance=system n.环境，系统【雅思阅读同义词替换的内容】文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。

C4 Test 1文章题目alarming rate of loss plightformal tuition classroomharbor holdmisconception mistaken viewmodification change/transform/shiftmajority mostmedia coverage newspapers and television degenerated or rudimentary underdevelopedprimarily usually/mainlycourtship matingnot known not certain/unsuretrack follow onappreciate recognize/identifymeaning understandingquickly rapid/swiftlyexplore investigate/researchlink to assign to/lead toresemble similarinterpret comprehend/understandC4 Test 2breed as a result of/link todisappear/vanish die out/extinctgrowing interest increasing appreciation bilingualism more than one languageaffect determinenot want reject/refuseold traditions the established way of life unusual differ/particularconservative attitude/loath reluctant/unwillingclimb/popularity increase/ascendchronic long-termillness medical complaintslink-up connectionenvironment surroundingsparticular chemical specific sustenance improvement in endurance fitness trainingcognitive mental/spiritualenhance creativity beneficial/profitsC4 Test 3support aidentrepreneurship set up their own business/houseparents or guardians familydemand for income povertymodest rates slightly morecontinent/atmosphere/water feature of our planet/earth fracture section/partmake produce/contribute to swiftly quicklyextrusion outcropcontinent earth’s land surface aware self-conscious unavoidable necessaryunbiased objectivelydeal only with focus onderive gain/obtainnon-verbal behavior/facial expression body language supplement additionalneed rely on/depend onC4 Test 4greatly dramatic/extremely global internationalidentify recognizefocus on aim toimportant useful/significant understanding current knowledge fundamental basic/primary interpretation translate record document break down into subdividedwelling building/livingpartly include consequence impactdramatic sharpprovide produceensure guaranteefinite limitC5 Test 1文章题目deadline time limitto hand availableover in excess ofbe recognized as be hailed asconfer on bring tooffer grantfamous well knownpersonal and moral code personal valuegenetic biologicalobey comply withprior to beforeskepticism criticism(not) accelerate slow downpressing urgentrubbish/trash wastedistortion of perception misleadoverstate exaggerateC5 Test 2文章题目totally entirelydistinction uniqueimmense greatdomain fieldsubstitute alternativeknown as calledassociated with involved withspring to life become activedemanding difficultoutlook subjective viewsrespond reactlack have neither a nor blose momentum be overtakenimprove/enjoy growth developC5 Test 3be disappointing failexplanation reasonresult outcomea cross-section of a variety ofauditory comprehension listeningverbal ability speakingin an attempt to be designed tobe eroded/scour away disappearin the immediate future in the short termsignificantly markeddisparate separateignite public debate become a common topic of conversation term expressionunify bring togetherC5 Test 4booming expansion vulnerable fragilelead to result in renaissance revivedundermine damagedefined parts of the year/seasonality (not) throughout the year few and far between/rare unusualpress publicitywithout warning unexpectedlyanalyse closely examine rapidly quicklyinterior innerspecies typesinduce encouragefluctuate unpredictable fertilization reproducenever reach a maximum no limitC6 Test 1文章题目skills expertisea number of differentapply one to others exchangefocus one’s aim narrow the scope3d/digital camera visual imagecopy reproduceprepare planglobal worldgrow increasecompetitive effectivegeographic neighbors nearby nations domestic market local supplierunusual incidents unprecedented events hardships difficultprovisions suppliesimpact effecthave more credibility and weight respectknowledge understandinggap limitedget some idea appreciateventure into visitout of question problemssurvive sustenance environment surroundingsa handful of a few abandon give upway lifestylerely on depend onC6 Test 2win successfulfar higher increase commuting time traveling time wealthy higher incomes not a best approach avoid dispersal distribution minimal inefficienthard inappropriate gather data carry out research medical complaints medical problems major commonafflict suffer accelerating speed increasing advance development surge increasedrop reduction financial costexpected predictedself-reliance independent physical activity exercise emotionally isolated loneliness limited restricted enough sufficiently confusion misunderstanding distinct not the sameC6 Test 3stars actorsinitial firstall that mattered importantflow of time passing of time movie big screen goals targetsreceive comments give feedback achievable realistic personalise individuals transparent/equitable fairbe prone to tend to perceive feelremuneration/salary/pay earningspublicise disclose advancement promotionminimize lessgeneration productionscarce short supply emphasize focus onC6 Test 4pharmaceutical company drug companyethical moralmake a profit make money woman’s ability to read maternal literacyfigure rateremain more or less unchanged staywhat will be done reactalone on its owndistinguish recognize the differenceC7 Test 1文章题目night, nocturnal darkmanage to survive avoid dying outfind their way navigatesense perceive(notice ,recognize) exploit applymeasure calculatedetection(notice ,discover) findincorrect inaccuratetalk about refer towater resource water supply consequence effectshift back revisionnot rising downward trendhigher specification raise standardsoaring population increasing population mainly because of due primarily to decrease reductionhome domesticradical mainlyapproaches waysperipheral unimportantbeforehand prior tonot unusual be similar tobe easy and pleasant not demanding conventional ordinarynotoriety well known maintain admitC7 Test 2unscathed not destroyederect buildrather than fight absorbinner interior watchtower observation post fifty percent half (be halved) constrain stopBuddhism religiousremoval of….. purifyresult, damage it caused effectrefer to as termnot appear hiddenvanish declinerarely make the connection not recognizedfood poisoning illness caused by food separate ways different types feasible realisticneed (n.) reliance introduction establishshift changesupport and understanding cooperation government authorities officials reference modelisolated inaccessible participate in lend a hand communities local peoplenot successful hinder attempts spend…on doing expenditure motorized vehicles buses and trucksC7 Test 3contact communication urban cityforcing encourage bearings position integrating making calculations prevent unable toodor sense of smellspot findfeed ediblescreen analysis improve, modify upgradeswap exchange continually constantly sophisticate advance technique methodenter America migration to America teeth, incisor dentalargue conflicting views result …was deduced that…. interbreeding populations different populations share variants closenessdiscard excludeartificial not natural survive existfrontier boundary transcend not limitgenetic diversity all kinds of species databank information preferential give priority harmonize coordinateC7 Test 4 conventional picture generally believed odd strangeharness uselook like resembledeliver sendnoticed foundexceed more thanannual each yearmonitor checkhalt stopprosper successfulfound establishcrash sharp decrease commercial companies adjust adaptintrusion occur unpredicted unexpectedloud high-pitchedsoft low-pitched interfere affectability capabilitytake its toll on manifestC8 Test 1文章题目freezing weather cold temperature split dividecase cabinetlike resembleonce eachresult in prompt accident disaster fortuitous coincidental incomplete oversimplified meteorological weather municipal city metropolitan city picture imagelimit minimizeconcur on agree on transform alterchoose from pick outC8 Test 2stay remainany varyingimprove change dramatically recorded documentationfar from rather than drought no rain at all intensely veryexplore discoveraxe cutting down impair damageconsciously consider realisedistinguish recognisenot exist lacklanguage linguisticodourless do not smellC8 Test 3fund financial supportstumbling block difficultyextract out of remove fromall the way up to direct atstop…being stuck protectiondirect aimfield test test in real stormburn out exhaustadversity difficultyrun in family inheritexceptional uniquenessminimize lessensupremacy significancerestrict limitationextend prolongC8 Test 4pattern=format formatlower secondary middle-years education contributing factors keyslowly patientlyhard work effortfocus on emphasisdisorder imbalanceboost crop yield ensure more cut ton was harvest financial outlay total amount ….spend genetic diversity innate immunitysafe free of dangereradication wipe outelusive hard to findindividual separateethanol alcoholvariation compareC9 Test1文章题目perceive recognizetalent and devotion abilityscientific breakthrough discoveryfame and fortune rich and famousattempt to hopenearly instant immediately recognition understand possibilities potentiallater finallyknown as refer totoday nowcurrent use nowagainst be targeted bymalaria diseaseways of sending information across the galaxy radio signalstraverse transmissionlook for seekreact response toreply response tolifetime life expectancylook for search foralien civilization extra-terrestrial intelligence deal with overcomethreats serious problemslook for findpretty welllike resembleto date so fardetection pick upimmediately promptlya major redesign big changesearly incarnation ancestorequivalent to posseslook like resemblereturn to migrate back tothe water the seafragments fossilized remainsplot recordtight denseupper topapproximately aboutfossils ancient creaturesdriest of deserts extremely dry environments return transitionparticular bones forelimbsno overlap, except the same dataC9 Test2national government policy strategyglobal international team working party suggest hypothesis international worldwide standards regulations extremely vulnerable at riskhearing loss auditory problems and in addition to distressing upsetmodern current practices methodsair-conditioning units cooling systemsbe dogged by fail toclouded out prevent calculate work outgovern depend on orbital speeds timesee witness smeared distorteda thick layer of gases atmosphere competitors competitive fields success achievement ways functionsdraw on rely onpast experience previous events product resultnot fall into avoidpitfalls trapsan extraordinary willingness to be receptive to fresh newdifferent newbe bombard with force tovariant psychological illness knowledge concept organization fieldC9 Test3 assessment judgelanguage linguisticaffect influenceexist still with usstop haltpointless impossible taskmisrepresent unrealpopular speech custom of speakingreliable constantcut down reduceair pollution dioxide emissionpower station power plantincome earnernot in danger unlikely to be at riskcoastlines with particular features heavily indented coastsraise lift outcomparatively relativelytransmitted sentpicture imageleft soar out ofabout to stop working on the brink of failingtell get a message toC9 Test 4recognition awardmedical technique treatmentmaterial sourcescollect accumulatesuffer from diedas a result of imitation mimicidentify recognizerelationship connectionmastery controlstruggle aggressiveobserve seeown reflection movement are contingent on their own contribute lead topublic ordinary visitorinvolvement experienceexpert professionally engaged inpresent beliefs contemporary perceptionthe past our ancestorsC10 Test1文章题目negotiate altera millennium ago ancientgain access to ground water water collection application functionshelter provide shadesuffer serious climate event tourists flock frequent visitors spectacular rapiddue to affectcandidates for awaitingnew freshsustainable long-termtransport flows transport trends energy consumption environmental costsby 2020 by the end of this decade alone solelyincrease the efficiency improveprice chargecontinues to increase growingexpect predictgoal objectivefit matchplay it safe avoid risktake more gambles take chances overbearing dominantopt out of ignorea free interchange of ideas share their ideaspeer colleagueboss managernot the most intelligent limitationsstimulate the flow strengthen commitment important valuedmuch more powerful more pervasiveC10 Test2文章题目a burst in population growth an increase in population conditions required allow this to happen changes turn toafraid fearput people out of work unemploymentwithout succumbing preventmortality rate death rateoverdirect too much guidancediminish their gifted pupil's learning autonomy what can be lostnegative emotions anxietyhome educational provision domestic backgrounddeprived socially-disadvantagedmake fewer errors produce accurate work independence self-reliancea great deal a considerable amountexternal regulation more direction from teacherslack of do not haveidentify understand/confirmextremely high examination results impressive gradesprint out huge numbers of texts mass productionthe meaning of words underlying ideasperfectly content to assign happy to instructworkshop apprentices assistantsscale sizegiven the confidence be encouragedexpress their views give their opinions openlyC10 Test3文章题目importance significancehidden or obscured difficulty in recognising/difficult to ascertain largest employer largest employment figuresnumber one majordifficulties problemsmajor most importantsource substancediscard dropdefences against warning signalintense abundantthe reddest the most vividly coloured red paradoxical contradictderelict abandonedlivestock animalshuman remains bonesnagging headwinds extreme climate conditionsthe key to success play a key role instubborn question difficulties explainingcalled it quits halted their expansionreasons known only to them unclearC10 Test4文章题目erratically unpredictablylonger extendedallow fires to spread mishandlinginfrastructure/equipment toolsprecipitation rainfallincreased construction more buildingcharacter personalitydetermined fixeddevelop acquiremaster learna range of a variety ofbring more joy and passion into your life increase their happiness ignorance do not know muchpay attention to actively noticemoral obligation a sense of responsibility/dutyalter overcomephysical stamina physical goalsreappear re-emergenceswitch labs decide to rethink academic career path qualify modifyfit with correctno more than one occasion several timesthrowback/ run backwards reversibleunrelated differentreactivate reappearanswer may lie in might be caused by。

Cambridge同义词替换大全(剑桥4-8)Cambridge4 TEST11.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视 v.2.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.3.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5.change=modify(modification) 改变v.6.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8.where=geographical location 表地点9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12.newspapers, television=media媒体n.13.where to live=habitat居住地n.14.get warmer=global warming变暖n.15.contribute to=play a part有助于v.16.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.17.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.22.mating=courtship交配.23.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.24.good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal= top= number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST21.initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your ownsteam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.2.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.munity=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=gowrong=not work=do no good=fall through失败v.10.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.11.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.13.differ from=unusual与…不同v.14.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.15.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17.therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physicalor mental illness临床医学家n.18.retrain=taking courses再教育v.19.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.plaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病 n.23.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系 n.24.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的 adj.25.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解 n.26.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的 adj.27.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.28.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随29.mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的 adj.30.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.31.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少 n.32.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习 n.34.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type ofjob, social class etc同伴 n.35.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.36.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.37.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助 v.38.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=bemore specific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质 n.40.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境 n.41.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣 v.bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST31.quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or pieceof writing because it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an exampleof something 例证 v.3.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=setout解释v.4.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述 v.5.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的 n.6.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talksomebody into=put somebody up to鼓励 v.7.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款 n.8.poverty= being poor贫穷n.9.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪 n.10.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝 v.11.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣 v.12.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员 n.13.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich,powerful etc.有志向的，雄心壮志的 adj.16.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力 n.17.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, ortypical；a part of the land, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点 n.18.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球 n.19.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的 adj.20.machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械 n.21.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope toachieve in the future= final最终的，根本的 adj.22.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surroundsthe Earth气氛; 大气n.23.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.24.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.25.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式 n.26.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现 v.27.emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射 n.28.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况 n.29.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people thinkof you自觉的 n.30.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生 v.31.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=amixture of something各种各样的 adj.32.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangementthat is convenient 方便的 adj.33.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的 adj.34.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be underinvestigation 调查35.observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note becomeaware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive观察 v.ment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论37.include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括 v.38.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于 v.39.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响 v.40.gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its rootsin=derive from/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.41.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST41.official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的 adj.2.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的 adj.3.intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period oftime=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的 adj.4.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc爆炸，突发5.recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.6.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack ofsomething=be short 不足的 adj.7.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its rootsin=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长 v.8.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够 v.9.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测 v.10.specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家 n.11.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than withpractical uses of the ideas or practical experience理论的 adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的 adj.13.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然 n.14.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的 n.15.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.16.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的 adj.17.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的18.field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域 n.19.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work thatis stored on a computer文件 n.20.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的 adj.21.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响 n.22.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.pare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to ordifferent from each other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw aparallel=contrast 比较 v.24.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地 adv.25.establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织 v.26.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continuefor a long time可持续的 adj.27.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectlywell=know/learn from experience意识到 v.28.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制29.produce=form=create=generate生产 v.30.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证 v.31.liberty=freedom=a free hand自由 n.32.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立 n.33.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc -usually used to show approval持续的 adj.34.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it reallyis=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估 v.35.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供 n.Cambridge5 TEST11.produce=develop=manufacture生产 v.2.central=middle中心的 adj.3.did not have=without没有 v.4.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来 v.5.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限 n.6.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加7.assistant=helper=coach 助手 n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的 adj.9.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示 v.10.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语 n.11.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.12.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fightetc=competitor 对手，竞争者 n.13.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物 n.14.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点15.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予 v.17.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定 n.18.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约 n.20.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予 v.21.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think theyare extremely interesting吸引，使着迷 v.22.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰 v.23.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待 v.24.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学 n.25.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe theline=go by the book/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.26.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性 n.28.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生 v.29.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地 adv.30.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the differencebetween good and evil 道德上的，与道德有关的 adj.31.prior to=before=previous在…前面32.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复 n.33.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的 adj.34.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something thatis more important牺牲 v.35.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者 n.36.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造 v.37.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服 v.38.surrender=give in 投降，放弃 v.39.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的 adj.40.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的 adj.41.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大 v.42.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especiallysomething that is studied because it is difficult to understand 现象 n.43.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法 n.44.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想 n.45.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格 v.46.distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解 v.47.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=dealwith 安排，处理 v.48.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than byconsidering the facts=instinct 直觉 n.49.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.50.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.51.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟 v.52.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的 adj.53.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will havea bad result=getting worse悲观的 adj.54.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST21.similar=like=resemble相似的 adj.2.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源 v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力 n.4.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生 v.5.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随 v.6.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素 n.7.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的 adj.8.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步 n.9.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域 n.10.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物 n.11.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12.resource=material=source资源，来源 n.13.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14.involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉 v.15.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.17.draw on=absorb=do with吸收 v.18.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定 v.19.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势 n.20.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.21.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点 n.22.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能 n.23.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联 v.24.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.25.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的 adj.26.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作 n.27.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地 adv.28.react=respond 反应 v.29.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系 v.30.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点 n.31.distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear;to report something in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲 v.32.figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出 v.33.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计 v.34.emerge=appear=come forth出现 v.35.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持 v.36.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.37.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育 v.38.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒 v.39.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的 adj.40.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是 adv.Cambridge5 TEST31.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果 n.2.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜 v.3.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的 adj.4.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供 v.unch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放 v.6.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想 v.7.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, socialclass etc.同龄人，伙伴 n.10.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的 adj.11.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理 v.12.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金 n.13.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc.互动 v.14.irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉 n.15.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at thebottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀 n.16.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰 v.17.process=procedure=method=approach过程 n.18.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁 n.19.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的 adj.20.construct=build=make=found 建造 v.21.blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪 v.22.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激 v.23.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的 adj.24.impact=affect=influence=effect影响 v.&n.25.occur=happen=exist=come发生 v.26.contain=include=cover=possess 包含 v.itary=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.29.vanish=extinct=disappear 消失 v.30.consciousness=awareness 意识 n.31.ignite=light=inflame点燃 v.32.encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕 v.33.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为 v.34.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.unch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟 v.36.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.37.potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.38.prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.39.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.Cambridge5 TEST4munity=organization=group=body团体n.2.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3.remote=distant 遥远的 adj.4.require=desire=order=command要求 v.5.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民 n.6.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此 adv.7.destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.8.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部 adv.9.operate=act=run运转 v.10.output=product输出，产品 n.11.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏 v.13.revive=renaissance复兴 v.14.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的 adj.15.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破 v.18.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称 v.20.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.21.suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制 v.22.speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速 v.23.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查 v.24.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.25.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现 v.26.claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称 v.27.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.28.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的 adj.29.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30.encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使 v.31.considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的 adj.32.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾33.adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的 adj.34.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保 v.35.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的 adj.Cambridge6 TEST11.exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.2.expertise=skill 专门技术n.3.employ=analyze=study 使用v.4.investigation=analysis 调查n.5.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.6.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.7.funded support=finance 资金n.8.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.9.calculate=measure 计算 v.10.event=championship 赛事 n.11.plan=prepare=design 计划 v.12.improve=grow=get better 进步 v.13.trade=economy 贸易n.14.transport=import or export=deliver 运输 v.15.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.16.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.17.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.18.delivery=export or import 运输 n.19.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻 n.20.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的 adj.21.shipping=freight 船运 n.22.cargo=freight=goods 货物 n.23.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.ndscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.25.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的 adj.26.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品 n.27.supply=provision=support 供给 n.28.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长 v.29.respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.30.understanding=knowledge 了解 n.31.well-being=health 健康 n.32.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能 adj.33.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕 v.34.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境 n.35.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限36.not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的37.present inhabitant=descendant 居民38.give up=abandon 放弃39.mainly=heavily=most 主要地40.visit=venture 参观Cambridge6 TEST21.successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.2.people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.mute=travel 通勤 v.4.higher=increasing=more 更高的 adj.5.income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.6.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的 adj.7.together=face to face 共同8.refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.9.accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.age=use=benefit=profit 用处n.11.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12.limited=minimal 有限的adj.13.move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14.show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15.related=associated 有关联的 adj.16.suffer=be afflicted 忍受（病痛）v.17.research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.18.affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.19.disease=medical complain=illness 病痛 n.20.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.21.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.22.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的 adj.23.reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降 n.24.elderly people=old people 老人n.25.independent=self-reliant 自立的 adj.26.regular=daily 定期的adj.27.exercise=physical activity 运动n.28.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.29.decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.30.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.31.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.32.restricted=limited 有限的adj.33.concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.34.specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.35.early=older 早期的adj.36.fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.37.sufficient=enough 足够的adj.38.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.39.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.40.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.41.poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.42.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.43.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.Cambridge6 TEST31.teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2.actor=star 演员n.3.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.4.storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.5.globe=world 世界n.6.early=first=ancient 早期的adj.7.passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8.describe=tell 描述v.9.realistic=achievable 现实的adj.10.target=goal=aim 目标n.11.feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.12.match to=suit to 合适13.reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.14.link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15.achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.16.remuneration=payment 酬金n.17.tend to=prone to 倾向于18.feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.19.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.20.staff=employee=worker 员工n.21.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.22.clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.23.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.24.job=work=assignment 工作n.25.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.26.growing old=ageing 变老27.people=mortal=people=individual 人n.28.life=lifespan 生命29.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n.30.production=generation=output 产量n.31.theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.32.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33.short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.Cambridge6 TEST41.drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.2.promotion=marketing 营销n.3.increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.4.research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.5.work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效v.6.technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.7.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.8.moral=ethical 道德的 adj.9.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.10.money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.11.adults=men and women 成人n.。