Coveris包装制造将专注欧洲业务

奥达供应链案例 | 汽车零配件VMI模式下的供应链物流管理在VMI仓库中应设置合理的库存策略，主机厂、供应商甚至VMI 仓都会从自己的角度出发进行设置，而库存一般被设置为三级,最小库存、安全库存和最大库存。

不同的库存其作用不同，关注方也不同，在VMI仓管理中，主机厂更关心最小库存和安全库存，当库存低于安全库存时,主机厂的计划和采购人员就会持续关注产品的到货情况，这个时候如果供应商做好在途库存的管理和跟踪，将极大的提高对主机厂的客户服务水平。

今天我们来聊一聊汽车产业中，供应商视角下的销售物流管理，以一个汽车零配件生产商为供应商进行构建与主机厂之间的销售物流模式。

现在行业中较为通用的模式是供应商会在靠近主机厂厂区附近通过外包的模式将库存前置,这个仓库对于合同双方而言就是我们常提到的VMI仓库.而仓库的经营方则因主机厂的差别而有所差异，可能是主机厂自营也可能是第三方物流进行经营，在这个案例中，其全国共计有130家以上的VMI仓库，绝大部分采用的是第三方物流公司在进行独立运营.这种合作方为供应商提升对主机厂的客户服务水平提供了更灵活的合作前提。

下图是我们根据案例企业的实际情况构建的其主机厂客户的供应链物流模式图。

在上述物流模式图中，⑴—⒅全面反映了MTO、VMI模式下的全业务流程，其中供应链管控的范围是⑴⑵⒀⒁⒂⒃ ,物流管控的范围是⑶⑷⑸⑹⑺⑻⑼⑽⑾⑿⒄⒅.干线运输、VMI仓库的库存策略与补货策略是上述销售物流网络中的核心业务，其资源配置情况、管理策略设置合理性,都将直接影响对主机厂的客户服务水平，同时对于供应商自身的成本也起到重大影响.当然合同约定的VMI仓的运营方的服务水平也会直接作用于客户服务，因主机厂与VMI仓之间的高频次要货,其风险会更高于前端。

对于供应商来说,全国主机厂客户的服务要求存在差异，物流运作过程中应结合主机厂的要求差异设置服务等级，在客户服务水平和成本间寻求平衡。

下面我们就⑴-⒅的具体运作情况加以说明：一、业务流程⑴主机厂采购订单下达:需求拉动的起点,不同的主机厂和供应商因信息化水平和计划水平存在巨大差异，销售部门面对采购订单时应合理审核订单并向生产计划部门推送。

关于包装的信函 [商务业务信函范例之包装、装运和交货?]1.说明发货流程dear ms.smith:thank you for your order of 25 authentic cherokee headdresses on august 11,20xx.we will be sending those immediately.because of the fragile nature of our headdresses,we hand deliver to our customers within oklahoma.our delivery day for tulsa is friday,which means that your headdresses will arrive this coming friday,august 17.if this is unsatisfactory,please call us so that we can arrange an alternative delivery date.thank you for yo ur business.i’m sure you will be most pleased with our headdresses,and we look forward to working with you in the future. sincerely yours,(signature)tamara white2.关于包装要求dear sirs,we thank you for your quotation no.153 on round steel bars.we regret to inform you that among the eight lots of round steel bars that arrived here per m/v＂jing hua＂on june 7,20xx were six bundles of different grades,which were in scattered and mixed condition because their packing was not sufficiently strong and their iron hoops were broken in transit.since it was very difficult to assort them,inconvenience and losses that occurred.although we had in time notified you of such unfortunate things that occurred before,the present case has showed that our comments were ignored,for no improvement in packing has been made. therefore,we must have your promise to take effective measures to improve your packing before we could book this new order with you.we await your early reply.yours faithfully，3.洽谈包装dear sirs,your fax of july 6 has just come to hand.we regret our inability to agree to your proposal to pack the goods in cartons,because transshipment has to be made at hamburg for the goods to be shipped to our port.we must insist on the packing as specified in our enquiry:the goods should be packed in strong and damp-proof wooden cases,capable of withstanding rough handling during ocean transportation.please note that in the event of order,should there be any damage and/or loss to the goods due to improper packing,we shall have to approach you for indemnification. please fax us your comments as soon as possible.yours sincerely,4.告知已装运gentlemen:we confirm our fax just dispatched informing you that your order no.20 of march 1 for 300 cassette tape recorders rs-5 has been shipped today from keelung by the m/s the international,which is due to arrive at your port about may 15.enclosed are copies of invoice no.105 in duplicate,copies of bill of lading no.25 and insurance policy no.ts-1576 as well as packing list and certificate and list of measurement and/or weight.we have drawn a draft at sight for the invoice amount under the bank of san francisco letter of credit no.1234 through the taiwan bank,taipei to whom all documents have been handed.we hope the goods will reach you safely and we look forward to your further orders.yours very truly,5.要求装船时间gentlemen:we confirm having accepted your e-mail counter offer for 100 units of video cassette recorder xyz at us＄2 500 per unit cif new york for september shipment as per our telex reading as follows:ryt fifteenth booked shipment september writing.we are enclosing our sales note no.10 to confirm this contract.we would appreciate it if you would immediately arrange with your bankers to open an irrevocable l/c in our favor to ensure september shipment as agreed upon.we thank you very much for this order and assure you of our best attention to its execution.yours truly,6.通知发运货物dear sir:we are pleased to inform you that all the goods you ordered in your letter of the 6th june have now been shipped yesterday and is due to arrive at new york on the 12th september.the bill of lading,invoice and other shipping documents are enclosed herewith. we look forward to your reply informing us that the goods have arrived safely and in good order.yours faithfully, encl.7.通知货物抵达dear mr.frank,our new shipment from england has been unloaded,delivered,dusted,and is now ready for your review.we welcome you to come if you like and join us in a cup of espresso.we know you won’t be sorry!see you soon.8.委托装船dear sirs,we inform you that we have today sent the goods to the american wharf addressed to you for shipment:50 cases canned crab-meat,70 cases canned sardine in oil,90 cases canned pineapples,90 cases canned salmon,to be forwarded as per specifications enclosed,to messrs.j.p.evans … co.,liverpool.value for insurance is ＄800.your kind attention for same will oblige.your very truly,j.walker … co.j.walker,president9.指定木箱包装的材料及规格dear sirs,packing in strong wooden cases is essential.cases must be battened,nailed and secured with metal straps all over. overall measurements of each case must not exceed 4′(h)×2′（w）×2′（d）.yours,10.指定包装的材料、重量及唛头dear sirs,we require these articles to be wrapped up in corrugated paper and packed in wooden cases with excelsior.please limit the weight of any one of the wooden cases to 50kg and metal strap all cases in stacks of three and mark all the cases with an a in the square.11.对包装箱长度、唛头的指示dear sirs,crates must not exceed an overall length of 10 meters.all crates are to be marked as usual,but please number them consecutively from no.1 to no.5.all marks other than our own and the name of the country of origin are to be removed from the crates before shipment.yours,12.对机器包装的详细指示dear sirs,please pack this machine in a strong wooden case and wrap and pad generously all polished parts of the machine to avoid scratches and knocks against the container.also please put the machine in a case of about 10 cubic meters covered with waterproof cloth and strapped vertically and horizontally with metal bands and cut vent holes in the case to minimize condensation.yours,13.海运包装的详细指示dear sirs:please pay your best care to pack the goods so as to withstand the hazards of ocean transportation and water-proof it against the tropical climate.also please stencil our shipping marks five inches high and give gross and net weight,port of destination,country of origin and a b in the rectangle as the main mark of each case.yours,14.请注意包装，并减少费用dear sirs:taking into account the specialty of this article,we request you to pack this cargo with your best care.please note that each cargo is requested to be wrapped up in oil-paper and packed in a zinc-lined case.all cargoes are required to be marked and numbered on the outside. please minimize the packing expenses as we expect it to be heavy. yours，15.免费再包装dear sirs:according to your packing instructions,we have arranged to pack your ordered goods in five cases.we have packed the goods according to your usual requirements and have dispatched them from our taibei factory by air freight.they are to be repacked at bangkok,as we have been informed,and the charges for special packing are excluded from our price.therefore please rest assured on the packing.yours，16.告知对方包装无误，要求以保费弥补损失dear sirs:we have received information that your ordered goods were damaged during transportation.on investigation，we have found that the goods were in perfect condition when leaving our shipping department.you will readily see it from the copy of our clean receipt enclosed. therefore we ask you to cover the loss against insurance.yours，17.告知对方已按照指示包装并交付船运dear sirs，we are pleased to inform you that your order has been packed asrequested and shipped per m/s wilson leaving here august 10.we hope that the goods will reach you in perfect condition and give you full satisfaction.yours，18.通知对方转让装船文件的银行dear sirs:in order to cover shipment,we have drawn a draft at sight under your l/c,and have negotiated the shipping documents through the bank of china. we ask you to honor it on presentation.yours，19.通知对方已寄出装船文件dear sirs:the commercial invoice,packing list,and insurance policy,together with clean on board ocean b/l,have been sent through the bank of china,with our sight draft under your irrevocable l/c.please advise us of the safe arrival of the goods.yours，20.运送数量不足，要求抓紧装运dear sirs:concerning our order no.351 for 5 000 sets of color tv,you have so far shipped only 3 000 units against the shipment during august.when we placed the order,we gave our customers a definite assurance that we could supply the goods by the end of october.therefore we request your urgent shipment.yours,21.因须取得特殊许可，故延迟装运dear sirs:our government has recently put an embargo on the export of various medicines to your country and we have to obtain a special licence toexecute your order.we think the delay will not be more than three weeks,and we shall give your order special priority immediately on receiving permission to make shipment.yours,22.要求更改目的港dear sirs:owing to the increase of consignments arriving at dalian port,discharge of the cargoes seems to be much delayed,and we must ask you to change the port of destination.we should like you to send the goods to yantai port and there should be no alteration in shipping date.to cover the risk of the increased distance we request you pay special attention to packing.yours，23.因生产设备的改进，提前交货dear sirs:in our previous letter we could not guarantee the delivery within six months. we are glad to inform you that we have improved our production facilities and are now in a position to offer shipment within three months after receiving an order.yours，24.对延误装运而不满dear sirs,we enclose herewith the figures of sales in your product during the past six months,from which you will see that our sales of the special line are quite disappointing.because the end-users here are in urgent need of the good,we requested your prompt shipment of them,which you accepted.however,five weeks went by before the goods arrived instead of three weeks,and we lost a wonderful opportunity of sales.on enquiry we found that the goods were not shipped until four weeks after the date of dispatch.we have been put to considerable inconvenience through long delay and have to ask you to make us allowance corresponding to our loss.yours faithfully，25.因延误装运而致歉dear sirs,we have received your letter complaining our delay of shipment,and we are very sorry that we have not been able to deliver your order on time.the delay was caused by the belated arrival of some of the raw materials.it is on account of the reasons entirely beyond our control.we are glad,however,that your order will be ready for shipment next week,and we hope that they will arrive in time for the season.please accept our apologies to you for the delay and the inconvenience it has caused you. yours faithfully，26.收条june 8,20xxreceived from mr.green the following things:one typewriterone computerbruce27.告知对方货品抵达，随函附上支票dear sirs:as payment of your invoice no.150,we enclose our bank cheque for 8 500 yuan.we add that we are pleased with the way you executed our order. the goods arrived exactly on time by a united airlines plane.yours,。

熟词僻义（⼀）1. allow【僻义】v.承认【例句】Warren also allows that capitalist development may, in its early stages, result in increased social inequality.沃伦也承认资本主义发展初级阶段可能会导致社会不平等现象加剧。

2. address【僻义】v.（发表）讲话；向……说话；处理【例句】He is due to address a conf erence on human rights next week.他下星期将在会上发表关于⼈权的演说。

3. advantage →take advantage of【僻义】v.欺骗；对……加以利⽤【例句】Af ter the recent scandal, the Walmart is expected to apologize since the company increased its profits by taking advantage of the customer.丑闻曝光后，⼈们希望沃尔玛就以增加利润为借⼝欺骗消费者的⾏为道歉。

4. appreciate【僻义】v.意识到；涨价，增值【例句】She never really appreciated the depth and bitterness of the Middle East conflict.她从来没有真正认识到中东冲突的深刻和激烈。

5. approach【僻义】v.探讨、处理、对待【例句】The Federal Bank has approached the issue in a practicalway.联邦银⾏已经⽤实际⼿段解决了这个问题。

6. argument【僻义】n.论点，论据，理由【例句】There's a strong argument f or lowering the price.有充分理由要求降低价格7. as→not so much...as【僻义】与其说是A倒不如说是B，意即否定A⽽肯定B【例句】Science moves f orward, they say, notso much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.他们认为，与其说科学进步是依赖伟⼤天才的个⼈⻅解，不如说是因为技术与⼯具等更为普通的东⻄。

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– – Dear Mr. Carter, We known your name and address from the website of and note with pleasure the items of your demand just fall within the scope of our business line. First of all, we avail ourselves of this opportunity to introduce our company in order to be acquainted with you. Our firm is an exporter of various Canned Foodstuffs. We highly hope to establish business relations with your esteemed company on the basis of mutual benefit in an earlier date. We are sending a catalogue and a pricelist under separate cover for your reference. We will submit our best price to you upon receipt of your concrete inquiry. We are looking forward to receiving your earlier reply. Yours faithfully, Minghua Liu Grand Western Foods Corp.