【二年级数学试卷】2018届高考英语总复习真题研练53(带答案和解释)

Week 12TuesdayTask 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

(2012·江苏，C)Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure.One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot.There are lots of ways to trigger (引发) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on.But triggers can come with their own risks—burns, for example.Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near－infrared light (NIR, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn’t new.Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外线) or visible light.But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule.NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger.But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.Their polymer used a commercially available NIR－absorbing group called o－nitrobenzyl (ONB)．When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown.But ONB is only a so －so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that’s even better. This one consists of a long cha in of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer.Cresol contains reactive(易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage.After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive componentwith a light－absorbing compound called Bhc.When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains.Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule.What’s more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.【语篇解读】文章主要讲怎样使用胶囊，使吃药更加安全、疗效更好。

Task 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

(2015·全国Ⅰ，B)The freezing Northeast hasn't been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter，so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota，Florida，my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”．I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C)，thinking of beaches and orange trees.When we touched down to blue skies and warm air，I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness.Swimming pools，wine tasting，and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours，not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend，but the best part—particularly to my taste，dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables—was a 7 am adventure to the Sarasota farmers' market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.The market，which was founded in 1979，sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 am to 1 pm，rain or shine，along North Lemon and State streets.Baskets of perfect red strawberries；the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck；and most of all，the tomatoes：amazing，large，soft and round red tomatoes.Disappointed by many a broken，vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise，I've refused to buy winter tomatoes for years.No matter how attractive they look in the store，once I get them home they're unfailingly dry，hard，and tasteless.But I homed in，with uncertainty，on one particular table at the Brown's Grove Farm's stand，full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist.These were the real deal—and at that moment，I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn't be experiencing again for months.Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight，my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown's Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty，a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton，where—luckily for me—I was planning to have dinner that very night.Without even seeing the menu，I knew I'd be ordering every tomato on it.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。

Task 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

(2016·全国Ⅰ，C)I am Peter Hodes，a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March 2012，I've done 89 trips—of those,51 have been abroad，I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last.In all，from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient，we've got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America.I picked up the stem cells in Providence，Rhode Island，and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence，the lady on the desk said：“Well，I'm really sorry，I've got some bad news for you—there are no flights from Washington.”So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said：“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient—please，please，you've got to get me back to the United Kingdom.”She just dropped everything.She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me，re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job，you're consciously aware that in that box you've got something that is potentially going to save somebody's life.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。

考点53 语法填空高考频度：★★★★★【考点解读】在一篇约200词左右的短文中留出10个空白，部分空白后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文在空白处填写1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。

语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。

同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。

【考点统计】2015—2017年高考新课标全国卷语法填空考点统计【考情分析】从统计表可以看出，语法填空题主要考查考生对语法、词汇和语用知识的掌握情况。

根据具体语境，借助词法、句法、特殊句式以及固定搭配进行考査，体现了＂考查实词为主，考查虚词为辅＂的命题原则。

有提示词类试题比重大。

表中统计表明，高考试题中语法填空题有提示词类试题均占考查总量的70%。

第一部分有提示词题目的解题技巧有提示词题目是指＂使用括号中词语的正确形式填空＂这类题，近年来的高考题只考查谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词类转化等四种情况。

专题一谓语动词【考点】【解题技巧】当句子缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就是谓语动词。

此时，要根据语境确定用哪种时态，根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用被动语态。

具体解题技巧如下：第一步：确定句中是否缺谓语或并列谓语，如缺谓语动词，则填谓语动词。

第二步：若为谓语动词，就要看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，以确定用主动语态还是被动语态，同时还要根据语境考虑用哪种时态。

第三步：要注意主谓一致。

1.He ______(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.【解析】在主语He后， pretend显然是谓语动词；giving it(the tiger)a voice的主语应当是He, 因此，and giving与谓语动词是并列关系；由此推断，谓语动词应是过去进行时，故填was pretending。