1.proteinuria (>3.5g/day), 2.hypoalbuminemia (<30g/L) 3. edema 4.hyperlipidemia
Etiology
Types of nephrotic syndrome
(1) Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: Etiology of the disease is unknown, accounting for approximately 90% of nephrosis in childhood.
•Malignancy:
multiple myloma , Hodgkin lymphoma, solid tumor
•Drugs
(NSAIDs, gold, penicillamine ,heavy metals etc).
•Generalized Odema -The predominant feature -The face, particularly the periorbital area, is swollen in the morning& lower extremities and genital area later in the day -In advanced disease: the whole body (anasarca) shortness of breath •Frothy urine and urine dipstick proteinuria value of 3+ •Symptoms & signs for secondary cause if present
•24-hour urine collection >3,5 g/day (nephrotic-range proteinuria)