1．The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society.
简单的原因是，在第一种社会中有很多看待出现在那种社会里的事物的观点。
2.All these factors tend to promote social change, by opening more areas of life to decision.
由于有更多的生活的领域要去选择，这些因素都会促进社会的变革。
the first kind of society.
the first kind of society.
material aspects of the culture than in the non-material,for example, in technology rather than in values;
在一个社会里，社会的变革更有可能
也更频繁地发生在文化的物质方面，而不是非物质方面，比如技能方面而不是价值方面。
4. Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies(一分为二).
而且，社会的变革如果社会逐步地，那就更容易些。例如，有可能在人们的关系上发生持续的变化，而不是突然地发生一分为二的变化。
5.This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
这就是为什么同其他少数民族相比，变革没有更快地发生在美国黑人的身上的一个原因。因为黑人与白人的不同太明显了。
第二组
1.There is an advertisement in
newspaper which urges you to change our life habits, with the suggestion that if you do so, by adopting (采用)seven easy-to-follow items of life style, you can achieve eleven added years beyond what you will get if you don’t. 报纸上有一则广告极力劝
说你改变生活习惯，还说如果你采
取七种简便易行的生活方式，寿命
会增加十一年。
2. But you have to read the report carefully to discover that there is another way of explaining the findings, 但如果你仔细阅读这份报告，会发现另外一种解释这一研究结果的方法。
3.The popular acceptance of this notion says something important about today’s public attitudes about disease：这一观
念被普遍接受，说明了今天人们对疾病所持的态度。
4.Other medical theories in history, constructed to explain all of human diseases, were not always as useful in their effects as this one is likely to be.这种理论很可能产生有益的效果，历史上其他试图解释人类所有疾病的
医学理论，却总不是这样。
5.After all, it is more difficult to be
convincing（使相信）about ignorance concerning disease mechanisms（机制）than it is to make claims for full comprehension, especially when the comprehension leads to some sort of action.
让人们相信我们对于疾病机制一无in what has been learned later in life….
所知比宣称对它了如指掌就难多了；特别是人们难以相信了解疾病机制就能治愈疾病.
第三组
1. I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness.
可是我认为，假如工作不是超负荷，即使是最乏味的工作对大多数人来
讲也比无所事事好过些。
2. To be able to fill leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization, and at present very few people have reached this level.
能够明智地把闲暇时间充实起来是文明的最终结果。目前还很少有人达到这个水平。
3. Accordingly the more intelligent rich men work nearly as hard as they were poor, while rich women for the most part keep themselves busy with innumerable trifles of
those earth-shaking importance they are firmly established.
因此很多富翁差不多还在努力工作，好像他们还很贫穷一样。而大多数有钱的太太则忙于无数琐碎事，而她
