人机工程学应用（ergonomics）
The application of ergonomics in transport packaging
Abstract: this paper introduces the basic concept of transport
packaging and man-machine engineering, analyses the transport
packaging and man-machine engineering, the relationship
between the and lists some man-machine engineering application
examples in transport packaging.
Key words: transport packaging; Man-machine engineering;
Transport efficiency.
1. Basic concepts of transport packaging and ergonomics
Packing and shipping packing
According to the national standard (GB/T4122. 1-1996), the
packaging is defined as: for protection products, convenient
storage and transportation in the process of circulation,
promote sales, according to certain technical methods and use
of containers, the overall name of material and auxiliary
material, etc. Also refers to the operation of a certain
technical method in the process of the use of containers,
materials and auxiliaries for the purposes of the above
purposes. The basic functions of packaging include: protection
of products, convenient storage and transportation, and
promotion of sales.
Transport packing (Transport package), China's national
standard (GB/T4122. 1-1996) defines it as "to satisfy the
transportation storage requirements for the purpose of
packaging. It is easy to guarantee the safety of the products,
storage and transportation loading and unloading, and
accelerate the transfer, check, etc. But the most main function
of the Transport packaging is to protect the products and
convenient storage and transportation. Transportation need to
realize this function protection products, packaging must
ensure that the product damage when loading and unloading and
storage products, how to avoid product damage in loading and
unloading and storage, in addition to ensure the packaging with
sufficient buffering capacity, also need to consider machine
engineering principle of choose and employ persons to reduce
product drop probability.
1.2 ergonomics
First, human-computer engineering is to improve the basic
skills of the laborers through improving the equipment and
improving the working environment, so as to improve labor
efficiency and protect the safety and health of workers. It
applied anthropology, biology, psychology, and engineering and
technical achievements, research how to adapt to most between
laborers and labor, can eliminate the laborer labor tension,
reduce the intensity of the machine, labor safety, equilibrium
and efficiently.
As the example in China (1989 edition), ergonomics is defined
as "a new comprehensive discipline. With anthropometry,
physiology, psychology and biology mechanics as the research
means and methods, such as synthetically to the human body
structure, function, psychological problems such as research
subject, and mechanics. To design makes the operator can
maximize efficiency of the machinery, instrument and control
device, and the research on the console the optimal position
of each instrument."
Ergonomics, in short, from the physiology and psychology of
people, human - machine - environment mutual relations and the
law of interaction, to optimize the human - machine -
environment system of emerging edge discipline.
2. Some problems that do not conform to the ergonomics principle
In the transport packaging, except for the bulky machine
equipment, heavy weight and mechanical loading and unloading
(mechanical loading and unloading generally seldom fall); The
general household appliance, the life material handling or the
manual loading and unloading. Therefore, the design of
transport packaging should take into account the general body
size and work intensity of the human body, such as "man-machine".
The typical packaging that does not meet the ergonomics
principle will reduce the efficiency of packaging handling and
increase the probability of product drop.
Some examples are as follows:
2.1 the size of the package that is carried by a person does
not match the size of the package
According to the data show that arms outreach 5-10 degrees is
the person handling the most advantageous Angle, in the range,
and muscle fatigue not easily, if the outreach Angle more than
25 degrees, muscle fatigue, work efficiency decreases
