(完整word版)直接引语和间接引语转换

语法

直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

1.直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that 引导。

例如：She said, "I am very happy to help you."

→ She said that she was very happy to help you.

2. 直接引语是一般/选择疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if 引导。

例如： He asked me, "Do you like playing football?"

→ He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.

注意：大多数情况下，if和whether 可以互换，但后有or not,或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。

例如： She asked me whether he could do it or not.

3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如：

My sister asked me, "How do you like the film?"

→ My sister asked me how I liked the film.

4. 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定式前加tell, ask, order 等的宾语。

例如： The captain ordered, "Be quiet."

→ The captain ordered us to be quiet.

注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。 My teacher asked me, "Don't laugh."

→ My teacher asked me not to laugh.

5. 一些注意事项

(1)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。

例如： He asked Lucy, "Where did you go?"

→ He asked Lucy where she went.

Tom said, "What do you want, Ann?"

→ Tom asked Ann what she wanted.

(2)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。

例如： They told their son, "The earth goes round the sun."

→ They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.

(3)直接引语变间接引语时， 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。例如： He said, "I haven't seen her today."

(4)→ He said that he hadn't seen her that day.

注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。

一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时

现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时

过去完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时

指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和方向性动词的变化

（一）指示代词的变化

this that these those （二）时间状语的变化

now then ago before / earlier

today that day yesterday the day before

this morning/afternoon, etc. that morning/afternoon, etc.

tomorrow the following/next day

the day after tomorrow in two days’ time

the day before yesterday two days before / earlier

next week/month, etc. the next week/month, etc.

last week/month the week /month before

巩固练习：将下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语

1.He said to me,“I have left my book in your room.”

2.“Are you going to learn English?”asked Jack.

3.“Don’t move!”the policeman said to the man.

4.“When did you go to bed last night?”Father said to Anne.

5.Our geography teacher said, “Sound travels much slower than light.”

1. He said to me, “I wrote a letter to my parents last week.”

He _________ me that _______ ____ ______ a letter to ________ parents________ ________ ________.

2. “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west,” mother said to her daughter.

Mother __________ her daughter that the sun________ up the east and

_________ in the west.

3. “Don’t be late again, Jim,” said the teacher.

The teacher_______ _______ ________ ________ be late again.

4. “Have you seen the film Harry Potter?” he asked.

He asked me ________ ________ ________ ________ the film Harry Potter. 5. Mr Wang asked the students how they could improve their spoken English.

“________ ________ ________ improve ________ spoken English?”

Mr Wang said to the students.

1.Exercise

( )1. What _____ you _____ over the weekend?

A. will; do B. does; do C. did; do D. were,; doing

( )2. Xiao Li usually _____ to school by bike last year.

A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going

( )3. What _____ in our town 100 years from now?

A. happened B. is happened C. has happened D. will happen ( )4. Mr. Smith _____ to see you in an hour.

A. came B. has come C. will come D. comes

( )5. _____ you _____ from your parents recently?

A. Did; hear B. Have; heard C. Do; hear D. Will; hear

( )6. We _____ TV at home this time last night.

A. were watching B. watched C. have watched D. would watch

( )7. We _____ over 1500 English words by the end of last month.

A. have learned B. had learned C. will learn D. learnt

( )8. She _____ in Shanghai for ten years since 1992.

A. has lived B. had lived C. lived D. will live

( )9. She _____ in Shanghai for ten years.

A. has lived B. had lived C. lived D. will live

( )10. We all know that the earth _____ round the sun.

A. goes B. went C. is going D. will go ( )11. “Where are the boys?” “They _____ soccer on the playground.”