美国文学知识点整理
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Eleven American Nobel Prize Winners
in Literature
1930: Sinclair Lewis, 刘易斯Babbit《巴比特》获诺贝尔文学奖
1936: Eugene O’Neill, 奥尼尔Beyond the Horizon《天边外》获诺贝尔文学奖
1938: Pearl S. Buck, 赛珍珠The Good Earth《大地》获诺贝尔文学奖
1949: William Faulkner, 福克纳As I Lay Dying《我弥留之际》获诺贝尔文学奖
1954: Ernest Hemingway, 海明威The Old Man and the Sea
1962: John Steinbeck, 斯坦贝克Of Mice and Men 《人鼠之间》
1976: Saul Bellow, 索尔·贝娄Herzog《赫索格》获诺贝尔文学奖
1978: Isaac Bashevis Singer, 辛格The King of the Fields《原野王》
1980: Czeslaw Milosz, 米沃什A Book of Luminous Things: An
International Anthology of Poetry《拆散的笔记簿》
1987: Joseph Brodsky,布罗德斯基From Petersburg to Stockholm《从彼得堡到斯德哥尔摩》
1993: Toni Morrison, 莫里森Song of Solomon 《所罗门之歌》
American Romanticism
It started with the publication of Washington Irving's The Sketch Book,
and ended with Whitman's Leaves of Grass.
Major writers of this period
Poets: William Bryant, Henry Longfellow, Edgar Allan Poe, Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson
Essayists: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau
Fiction: Washington Irving-- comic fables
James Fenimore Cooper -- frontier adventures
Nathaniel Hawthorne -- psychological romances
Edgar Allan Poe -- Gothic tales
Ⅰ.Washington Irving(1783-1859) --- Representatives of American
Romanticism
“Father of American Literature”
The Sketch Book marked the beginning of the American Romantic period
major works: The Sketch Book， Rip Van Winkle, Legend of Sleepy
Hollow （Crane）
1. The first American (true) literary writer
2. The first American man of letters
3. America’s first genuine internationally best-selling author
4. The first belletrist纯文学作家 in American literature, writing for
pleasure at a time when writing was practical and for useful purposes
5. the first American writer to earn his living solely by his pen
6. the first American literary humorist
7. the first modern short story writer
8. the first to write history and biography as entertainment
9. restoring the waning Gothic romances 10. the messenger sent from the new world to the old world
11. American Goldsmith
Ⅱ.James Fenimore Cooper(1789-1851)-- Father of American Novels
novelist, poet, critic; good at writing Gothic and detective fiction
Works: The Spy 1821 《间谍》, The Pilot 1823 《水手》, Leatherstocking
Tales《皮袜子故事集》(Natty Bumppo, Magua) , The Pioneers 1823
《拓荒者》, The Last of the Mohicans 1826 《最后的莫希干人》, The
Prairie 1827 《大草原》, The Pathfinder 1840 《探路人》, The
Deerslayer 1841《杀鹿者》
Ⅲ. Edgar Allen Poe (1809-1849) -- father of western detective
short story: MS. Found in a Bottle (1833) 《瓶中手稿》, The Murders in
the Rue Morgue (1841)《毛格街血案》, the Fall of the House of Usher《厄舍古屋的倒塌》，The Cask of Amontillado 《一桶白葡萄酒》，
Ligeia《丽姬娅》， The Purloined Letter 《窃信案》
poetry: The Raven (1844) 《乌鸦》
2 Annabel Lee 《安娜贝尔李》
3 The Sleeper 《睡美人》
4 A Dream Within a Dream 《梦中梦》
5 Israfel 《伊斯拉菲尔》
6 The Bells 《钟》
7 Sonnet – To Science 《十四行诗--致科学》
8 To Helen 《献给海伦》 9 The City in the Sea 《海中的城市》
American Transcendentalism
Definition of Transcendentalism：Transcendentalism was a
philosophical and literary movement which flourished in New England in
the mid years of the 19th century. NET is also called American
Transcendentalism or American Renaissance. It marked the maturity of
American Romanticism and the first Renaissance in the American literary
history. The term was derived from Latin, meaning to rise above or to
pass beyond the limits. It laid emphasis on spirit and individual and
nature.
Ⅳ.Ralph Waldo Emerson
重要著作：《论自然》(Nature) ；《论超灵》 (Over-Soul) 、《自助》
(Self-Reliance)
1, A liberator from old conventions, a leader in experimentation and
self-reliance.
2, Provided guidance and intellectual climate for other writers such as
Thoreau, Hawthorne, Whitman, Melville , and Emily Dickinson.
Ⅴ. Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
Major Works: A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (1849) ,
Civil Disobedience (1849), Walden (1854), A Plea for Captain John
Brown (1859)
Ⅵ.Nathaniel Hawthorne—the first great American writer of fiction Works: Novels: The House of the Seven Gables,《七个尖角阁的房子》,1851
The Blithedale Romance 《福谷传奇》,1852
The Marble Faun 《玉石雕像》, 1860
The Scarlet Letter 《红字》,1850主要人物：Pearl ，Roger Chillingworth
Two collections of short stories: Twice-told Tales 《故事重述》,1837 ，Mosses from an Old Manse 《古宅青苔》, 1843
—His masterpiece, which established him as the leading American native
novelist of the 19th century
Ⅶ. Herman Melville (1819-1891) --
Works: 1. Redburn 1849
2. Typee 1846
3. Omoo 1874
4. Moby Dick 1851
5. Mardi 1849
6. White Jacket 1850
7. Pierre 1852
