Grammar 过去分词

the Past Participle过去分词过去分词表示被动或完成的动作，具有形容词、副词的作用。

在句中作定语the Attribute 、 表语Predicative 、宾语补足语Object Complement过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前. 他表是的动作没有一定的时间性.一．1.作定语2.单个过去分词[位置] 位于所修名词或代词的前面。

[类别](1) 及物动词的过去分词修饰名词或代词时表示被动或完成。

(2) 不及物动词的过去分词表示完成。

Retire , rise, appear , fall , return, graduate..(3) 表示心里活动的词vt +ed 形式一般修饰表示人的名词。

Excited, frustrated, puzzled,embarrassed, surprised, interested, moved, astonished, satisfied, encouraged, frightened,disappointed, exhausted, worried, scared, delighted, pleased, terrified, shocked, inspired,confused, amused, amazed ….[考试连接](1) vt The Mp5 (buy) yesterday has been lost .(2) vt (fry) chips are delicious .Chips are delicious. (转变定语从句)(3) vi Those (wound) workers was sent to hospital as soon as possible.Those workers was sent to hospital. (转变定语从句)(4) vt. (inspire) scientists decided on the experiment about cloning.Scientists decided on the experiment cloning. (转变定语从句)过去分词短语[位置] 位于所修名词或代词的后面。

可以转化定语从句。

[类别](1) seat , dress , devote , adapt , adjust , occupy 这些动词含义：使某人…（2）心理性动词：Excited, frustrated, puzzled, embarrassed, surprised, interested, moved,astonished, satisfied, encouraged, frightened, disappointed, exhausted, worried, scared,delighted, pleased, terrified, shocked, inspired, confused, amused, amazed ….(3) 在以下短语中：pay attention to , play a part in, make a decision , make a survey, pay a visit to….[考试连接](1) The letter (mail) last night will reach him tomorrow.The letter last night will reach him tomorrow. (转变定语从句) (2) The patent (apply for) has been approved.The patent has been approved. (转变定语从句)(3) The boys (adapt) to class life is from Hongkong.The boys to class life is from Hongkong. (转变定语从句)(4) We visited the professor (worry) about human being cloning and visited theLongmen Grottoes (build) many years ago.We visited the professor about humanbeings cloning and visited the Longmen Grottoes many years ago.(5) This decision (make) by us may be effective.(6) The visit (pay) to Guilin is worth remembering for ever.二．作表语。

[位置]Be + done[含义] 表示主语所处的状态。

这与被动语态不同，被动语态表示动作。

[类别]1.seat , dress , break, gone…表事物的状态2.exited , ….心里活动的词表示主语的心理状态。

[考试连接](1) They were seated in the sofa chatting with each other freely.(2) after a long trip , we were exhausted and out of breath.三．宾语补足语[含义]过去分词得动词一般是及物动词，和宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。

[类型]1.在感官动词和心理动词后可以根宾补。

See, watch , feel , hear , find , observe, notice…2.在使役动词后可以根宾补。

Make, let , have, get, keep, leave…3.表希望，要求的动词后面。

Want, hope, like, wish, order…4.with的复合结构。

[考试连接](1) The boss and the managers discussed the plan that they would like to see(carry ) out the next year.(2) In the bicycle match , he had himself (wound)(3) The homework being done by students now was wanted (finish) soon.(4) I can’t make myself (understand) by others in English.(5) we should try ourselves to leave our students (interest) in our lessons.(6) 随着空气的被污染，我们的地球正面临着死亡。

（用with 独立结构表伴随）(7)由于他没有及时被送到医院，他失去了治疗的机会。

(with 独立结构表原因)(改为because 引导的状语从句) 四．作状语。

[含义]过去分词或分词短语作状语修饰主句的谓语动词。

[分类] 按功能分为，时间状语；原因状语；条件状语；结果状语；让步状语；伴随状语。

但该状语一般表示一个次要的动作。

[转化] 可转化为相应的状语从句或并列句。

1.时间状语。

可与由when , while , after 等引导的状语从句互换。

(1) When (finish) , our papers should be handed in without delay.(转为状语从句)(转为并列句)(2) After this teaching building was completed , it came into use.(转为分词作状语)2.原因状语。

可以转化为由as, since, because 引导的原因状语从句。

(1) (encourage) by the progress he made, he works harder., he works harder. (原因状语从句)(2) (wear) out because of the hard work , he just wanted to have a good rest.(3) (catch ) in the a heavy rain , he was late for work again.(原因状语从句) 3.让步状语. 可转化为由although , though 等引导的状语从句。

(1) Although we were exhausted by the dilemma , we went on with it., we went on with it.（过去分词）(并列句)(2)(not satisfy) with my assignment, he didn’t say anything., he didn’t say anything. (原因状语从句)(并列句)4.结果状语. 表示必然的结果而不是偶然的结果。

可以转化为由and 引导的并列句。

(1) he stole many things from a greengrocer , (arrest) in 10 minutes.(并列句)5.伴随状语。

一般情况下，不能转化为方式状语从句，但可以转为一个并列句。

(1)She suddenly appeared before us , (dress) in white.(2) I left the office , (disappoint).(3) My uncle came in , (follow) by her little son.6.条件状语. 可转化为由if , unless 引导的条件状语从句。

(1) （unite），we will defeat the Japan., (条件状语从句)（and并列句）(2) Be careful and you can do better.(条件状语从句) (3)if you are frightened with hard task , you will be likely to fail.(过去分词)Non- finite Verbs in writing非谓语动词在写作中的应用【写作基本要求】(1)清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；(2)有效应用所学语言知识。

【做一做】一．找出非谓语动词，并判断成分1. Making our city greener is everyone’s duty.2. The government is determined to continue the green program.3. I find my hometown changed so much.4. Having fresh air, trees can reduce air pollution.5. Every effort to make the program makes a difference.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.二．改错1. Looking from the top of mountain, the city is beautiful .2. In my opinion, climb mountain is an enjoyable thing.3. —Which team is good at cooking?—A team called itself the supper cook.【指导】写作中非谓语动词常见的错误。