The American Civil War

The War of Independence vs the Civil War The United States has experienced many wars. The war of independence and the civil war have a great function and meaning to the United States.1. The War of IndependenceThe American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), the American War of Independence, began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Thirteen Colonies, but gradually grew into a world war between Britain on one side and the newly formed United States, France, Netherlands, Spain, and Mysore on the other.The root caused of the American Revolution was a British colonial oppression hinders the development of the capitalist economy in North America. Before the war, North American had no regular army and no fleet at all. Then they set up an army, but the army poorly equipped, lacking ammunition. In contrast, the British national prosperity, with a well-trained, well-equipped and experienced combat known as the "European Ever Victorious Army" invincible army and a powerful fleet at sea. At first, the war went badly for the American. After endless hard fighting, in October 1777, the American won a great victory at Saratoga. This was the turning point of the war, resulting in an alliance between the U.S. and France. Finally, in 1781, the American won a decisive victory at Yorktown. On October 19, 1781, the British soldiers were forced to surrender. In 1783 the British and the Americans signed the Treaty of Paris, and the United Stated of America won its independence.2. The Civil WarThe American Civil War was a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865 in the United States after several Southern slave states declared their secession and formed the Confederate States of America. The war had its origin in the fractious issue of slavery, especially the extension of slavery into the western territories. Early in the war northerners’ strength over the southerners, the North has 2,234 people. South only 910 million people, and in which there are more than 380 million of them are slaves. Northerners have developed industry, a network of railway network and abundant food, while the southern industrial underdevelopment. But the South has equipped and well-trained army. In July 1863, the turning point of war came at Gettysburg-the Union army defeated the Confederated army defeated the Confederate army led by General Robert. E. Lee. Since then northerners from the defensive to the offensive, while the southerners from the offensive into the strategic defense. The war resolved two fundamental issues. Slavery was completely abolished and American became a single, indivisible nation.3. The SignificanceThe two wars are very important for the United States. The war of independence is a bourgeois revolution and national liberation movement at a time. The war ofindependence is the first large-scale of colonial struggle for national independence war. With the victory of the War of Independence, the United States got rid of the British colonial rule, and achieved national independence. But the American revolutionary war did not solve the land problem and slavery. After the independence war, the north and south in the direction of two different types of economic development, eventually leading to civil war. The civil war is the second time bourgeois revolution in American history. It maintains the unity and abolished the slavery in the United States.The United States as a superpower, the two wars played a major role.4. Reference[1]Wikipedia: American Civil War/wiki/American_Civil_War#End_of_war[2]Wikipedia: American Revolutionary War/wiki/American_War_of_Independence[3]McPherson, James M. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War [M]. Penguin. 2001。

Washington
乔治·华盛顿（George Washington， 1732年2月22日 --- 1799年12月14日） 美国第一任总统，被尊称为美国国父， 1793年连任，在两届任期结束后， 他自愿放弃权力不再续任，隐退于弗 农山庄园。华盛顿学者们则将他和 亚伯拉罕·林肯并列为美国历史上 最伟大的总统。
be distributed, several dozen Boston residents boarded the ship at night and threw $75,000 worth of tea into the harbor. This came to be known as the “Boston Tea Party”. • The start of the war • In 1775, about 1,000 British soldiers were sent from Boston to seize the military supplies of the American militia. When they arrived at Lexington they were met by the armed militiamen. Suddenly a shot was fired and the War of Independence began.
and Grievances
The second Continental Congress 1775
Date: May, 1775
Place: Philadelphia
Result: The Congress founded a Continental Army under the command of George Washington. The Declaration of

American Civil War1.The Origin of Civil WarThe first part is the origin of Civil War. In its early independence US has only 13 states and in early 19th century up to 25 states, until 20th century up to 50 states.This is a sketch map of American territorial expansion. I want to mention Westward Movement which promote the development of western industry. This is the difference between north and south.Northern capitalist Industrial and Commercial economy,1810-1860 American industrial output increased by 9 times. While the northern industrial output accounting for the proportion of 91% , accounting for 75% of the GDP Southern plantation slavery economy,In 1790 the number of Southern slaves up to 67.7 million, and by 1860 the number increased to 400 million.Planters squeezed a profit of $ 80 from every slave, to the year of 1860 squeezed profits rose to $ 1400-2000 per person.Everywhere in the south to sell slaves in the scene.Everyone has heard of this novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin,an anti-slavery novel.To a certain extent, it led to regional conflicts in the civil war in the US.It is the contradiction whether to keep or abolish slavery that result in Civil War. The conflicting focuses are the contradiction between northern capitalist Industrial and Commercial economy and southern plantation slavery economy.2.The development of Civil WarDevelopment timeline --BeforeThe Compromise of 1850 was formally proposed by Clay and guided to passage by Douglas over Northern Whig and Southern Democrat opposition. It was enacted September 1850:1.California admitted as a free state;2.Utah Territory and New Mexico Territory organized with slavery to be decided by popular sovereignty;3.Texas dropped its claim to land ,in return for the assumption of $10 million of the old republic's debt.4.Slave trade was abolished in Washington, D.C. (but not slavery itself);5.The Fugitive Slave Act was strengthened.[1]1850妥协是由粘土正式提出并由道格拉斯引导穿越北方辉格党人和南方民主党人反对。

Story BackgroundThe short story “Everyday Use" had 3 big events background. The American Civil War freed part of American slaves. The Civil R ight Movement encouraged the Blacks sought for equality. The Black Power Movement encouraged Blacks to admit their African heritage.1)American Civil WarThe American Civil War (1861-1865)，knownas the warbetween theStates andseveral other states, was a civil war in the United States of America. Eleven Southern slave states declared their Secession from the U.S and formed the Confederate States of America.It was led by Jefferson Davis, they foughtagainst the U.S federal government whichsupported by all the freed states and thefive border slave states. The American CivilWar was thedeadliest war inAmerican history,causing 620,000 soldier’s deaths, endingslavery in the United States, restoring theUnion, and strengthening the role of thefederal government .The social, political,economic and racial issues of the wardecisively shaped the reconstruction erathat lasted to 1877, and continue into the21st century.2) Civil Rights MovementThe African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968) refers to the movements in the United States aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against African Americans. In the last decade of thenineteenthcentury in theUnited States,racial discriminatory laws and racial violence aimed at African Americans and other minority groups. It broke the pattern of racial segregation in the South and achieved equal rights legislation for blacks.Following the U.S Supreme Court decisionin Brown V .Board of Education of Topeka(1954),African American and whitesupporters attempted to end theentrenched segregationist practices .Usingthe nonviolent methods of MohandasKaramchand Gandi, forcing thedesegregation of many public facilities.3)Black PowerNot all blacks had been equally impressedwith the civil rights movement. MALCOLMXand the Nation of lslam, for example ,feltthat racial self-determination was a criticaland neglected element of true equality .Bythe mid-1960s, dissatisfaction with the paceof change was growing among Blacks .Theterm “black power ”had been around sincethe 1950s,but it was STOKELY CARMICHAEL，head of the STUDENT NONVIOLENTCOORDINATING COMMITTEE , who.popularized the term in 1966..。