SAP GUI logon 压力测试步骤

目录1 SAP系统的登录和注销01.1 SAP系统的登录01.2 SAP系统的多次登录11.3 SAP系统的注销22 SAP系统窗口42.1 窗口界面42.2 菜单命令52.3 工具按钮52.4 文本输入框与下拉列表选择框82.5 复制和粘贴93 事务代码124 多重会话144.1 创建多重会话144.2 关闭会话145 桌面快捷方式166 记录搜索176.1 输入查找参数与模糊查找176.2 个人值列表206.3 多值查找217 收藏夹257.1 添加文件夹257.2 添加事务257.3 添加文件277.4 添加Web地址297.5 修改收藏夹297.6 删除收藏夹307.7 下载与上载收藏夹308 其他使用技巧318.1设置参数的缺省值318.2报表/程序的后台运行348.3将报表保存到本地388.4报表查询变式438.5屏幕布局变式458.6屏幕打印471 SAP系统的登录和注销1.1 SAP系统的登录登录SAP系统有多种方法，其中最常用的就是通过SAP GUI来登录。

GUI的英文全称为Graphical User Interface即人机交互图形化用户界面设计经常读做“规”,准确来说GUI就是屏幕产品的视觉体验和互动操作部分。

许多软件都有自己专用的GUI。

SAP GUI的安装一般由企业IT部门负责，也可以由用户根据IT部门的指导自行安装。

安装完毕后在计算机桌面上会创建如下快捷图标。

双击后可看到如下窗口，上面列出本机上已经配置的系统列表，例如上面的系统列表需根据IT部门提供的SAP GUI安装帮助文档来添加。

其设置保存在安装目录如C:\Program Files\SAP\FrontEnd\SAPgui下的saplogon.ini文件，所以也可以通过复制（其他已经设置好的计算机中的）saplogon.ini文件来快速完成SAP GUI中系统列表的设置。

在如上的登录窗口中，选择要登录的系统的标识，双击标识或单击右侧的按钮，进入登录窗口。

SAPmln操作手册服务确认操作手册SAP MLN 操作手册 - 服务确认操作手册1. 简介本操作手册提供了有关 SAP MLN（维护和后勤）模块中服务确认功能的详细信息。

通过遵循本手册，用户可以有效地执行服务确认操作，以确保服务流程的顺畅和准确性。

2. 操作步骤2.1 登录 SAP 系统1.启动 SAP GUI 应用程序。

2.输入用户名和密码。

3.选择相应的公司代码。

4.点击“登录”按钮。

2.2 导航到服务确认屏幕1.在主菜单中，选择“维护和后勤”（MLN）。

2.选择“服务管理”。

3.选择“服务确认”。

2.3 创建服务确认1.在服务确认列表屏幕中，点击“新条目”按钮。

2.在弹出的对话框中，输入服务订单号或选择服务订单。

3.点击“确定”按钮。

2.4 输入服务确认信息1.在服务确认详细信息屏幕中，输入以下信息：–服务订单类型–服务开始日期和结束日期–服务人员信息–其他相关信息2.5 保存和服务确认1.点击“保存”按钮，以保存服务确认记录。

2.点击“服务确认”按钮，以确认服务的执行。

2.6 查看和编辑服务确认1.在服务确认列表屏幕中，选择要查看或编辑的服务确认记录。

2.点击“查看”或“编辑”按钮。

3.在弹出的对话框中，可以查看或修改服务确认的详细信息。

2.7 打印和导出服务确认1.在服务确认列表屏幕中，选择要打印或导出的服务确认记录。

2.点击“打印”或“导出”按钮。

3.选择所需的输出格式（如 PDF 或 Excel）并保存或发送到打印机。

3. 常见问题解答3.1 如何查找已创建的服务确认？在服务确认列表屏幕中，可以使用过滤器功能来查找特定服务确认记录。

输入相关过滤条件，如服务订单号、客户名称等，然后点击“应用”按钮。

3.2 如何修改已保存的服务确认？在服务确认列表屏幕中，选择要修改的服务确认记录，然后点击“编辑”按钮。

在弹出的对话框中，可以修改服务确认的详细信息，并进行保存。

3.3 如何删除服务确认记录？在服务确认列表屏幕中，选择要删除的服务确认记录，然后点击“删除”按钮。

SAP系统用户测定操作说明编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（SAP系统用户测定操作说明）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为SAP系统用户测定操作说明的全部内容。

SAP系统用户测定操作说明为了方便大家掌握用户测定操作过程，我们将测定文档中的主要步骤翻译为中文,并增加了操作说明和操作屏，供大家参考.在进行测定时，请与SAP的系统测定指南文档(EN_Process_overview.pdf）参照使用。

本文档中操作界面为ECC6.0系统,不同SAP版本的界面可能略有差异。

操作步骤1。

激活价格清单 (1)2.设置系统和Clients数据，填写传真数据 (1)3。

用户分类 (2)4.执行测定并传递结果 (4)5。

合并测定结果 (5)6.发送LAW结果到SAP (5)1.激活Price Lists在“Price Lists”标签页中设置对应的“激活”标志，激活Price Lists.这时系统会显示对应“Price Lists”适用的用户类型。

2.设置系统和Clients数据，填写传真数据2.1.在系统标签页中,确保系统数据唯一标识了系统.系统类型由Client数据决定，只能通过事务码SCC4进行修改。

2.2.在Clients标签页中,选择所有需要进行测定的Clients。

•在标准系统中，clients 000 和066不用进行测定•在生产系统中的测试clients以出于测试目的而拷贝的clients可以不进行测定。

2.3.在地址标签页中，录入公司名称、地址及传真等信息.3.用户分类在进行测定前必须对所有系统用户进行分类，并且只能使用软件合同中限定的用户类型。

Logon on SAP登录SAP1.you should open SAP with Logon icon on your desktop.打开SAP桌面图标2.Double click on the environment:双击打开数据库Test (use it for practice)Test测试库（仅用于测试）Production (real SAP, available only after go-live)Production正式库（上线后使用）3.insert username and password and press Enter输入用户名和密码，回车Use client: 100客户端参数：100Password: First login use password provided by ICT密码：首次登录密码由ICT提供Logon language: Use EN (English) as log-in language, some data are language depending and in local language would be incorrect登录语言：EN（英语）。

有些数据是基于英语编写的，用中文登录会出现错误。

If you are doing your first logon, it will be asked to change your password.如果是首次登录，需要修改密码。

Minimum password length: 10 characters最小密码长度：10位Password expiry: change at first access and then every 90 days (after 90 days the system will force you to change your password)密码有效期：首次登录需要修改密码，以后每90天需要修改密码（90天后系统会要求你修改密码）Password history: last 5 passwords remembered (the new password must be different from the previous password)密码历史：最后5次密码会记录（新密码必须和以前的密码不同）Password error: if you insert 5 times wrong password user is disabled 密码错误：密码输错5次，账户将被禁用Password is case sensitive (“a" different from "A")密码区分大小写Password must be different from username密码必须和用户名不同Password should not be easy to guess密码不能过于简单You can change password when you want, just clicking new password. 当你想要改密码时，也可以点进“new password”进行修改Multiple logons are permitted. But you can choose to end other logons. 一个账户同时登陆是可以的，但也可以把别人踢掉。

SAP GUI logon 压力测试
1：修改SAP参数
登陆SAP系统，输入T-CODE “RZ11”, 输入sapgui/user_scripting，单击“显示”
单击“更改值”，输入“TRUE”
单击保存按钮，出现提示信息，不理会，单击“继续”。

2：启用脚本
登陆SAP，单击红方框的按钮，单击“选项”—
找到“脚本”选项卡，勾选“启用脚本”，单击确定
3：启动LoadRunner--Virtual User Generator，录制脚本单击新建按钮，选择SAPGUI，单击“Create”
弹出录制脚本页面
单击“Options”,可以设定SAP GUI自动登陆，输入相应参数
单击“OK”,返回录制脚本页面，单击“OK”，开始录制脚本
录制脚本，比如完成一个VA01的事务
录制完脚本后，单击试运行按钮，看看是否能够执行刚才的SAP事务，试运行完后，手工登录到SAP验证一下。

4：创建场景（Controller），进行压力测试
（注意：由于SAPgui不是WEB应用，在创建测试场景之前
要把license换成golba-100: AEAMAUIK-YAFEKEKJJKEEA-BCJGI）
5：查看SAP资源监控输入RZ20
单击buffers
可以继续选择展开双击查看是那些参数需要调整（备注不要乱调，要有经验的BASIS去调，否则乱改参数可能导致SAP启动不起来）。

压力测试流程1. 确定测试目标。

在进行压力测试之前，首先需要明确测试的目标。

这包括确定系统需要承受的最大负载、性能指标的要求以及测试所涉及的功能模块等。

只有明确了测试目标，才能有针对性地进行测试，确保测试的有效性和准确性。

2. 设计测试用例。

根据测试目标，设计相应的测试用例。

测试用例应覆盖系统的各项功能和业务流程，同时考虑到不同负载下的测试场景。

测试用例的设计要尽可能全面和详细，以确保对系统的全面压力测试。

3. 准备测试环境。

在进行压力测试之前，需要搭建好相应的测试环境。

这包括硬件环境、网络环境以及测试工具的准备。

确保测试环境的稳定性和可靠性，以保证测试结果的准确性和可信度。

4. 执行压力测试。

根据设计的测试用例，使用相应的测试工具对系统进行压力测试。

在测试过程中，需要监控系统的各项性能指标，包括响应时间、吞吐量、并发用户数等。

同时记录测试过程中出现的问题和异常情况。

5. 分析测试结果。

在压力测试结束后，需要对测试结果进行分析。

根据测试结果，评估系统在不同负载下的性能表现，找出性能瓶颈和潜在问题。

同时对测试过程中发现的问题进行归纳总结，为后续的优化和改进提供参考。

6. 优化和改进。

根据压力测试的结果和分析，对系统进行相应的优化和改进。

这包括对性能瓶颈进行针对性的优化，对测试中发现的问题进行修复，以提升系统的稳定性和性能表现。

7. 再次测试。

在对系统进行优化和改进后，需要再次进行压力测试，以验证优化效果和改进成果。

通过对比测试结果，评估系统性能的提升情况，确保系统在不同负载下的稳定性和性能表现。

通过以上的压力测试流程，可以有效地评估系统在不同负载下的性能表现，找出潜在的问题和瓶颈，并进行针对性的优化和改进。

这有助于确保系统在面临大量用户访问或数据处理时仍能保持稳定的性能，提升系统的可靠性和稳定性。

SAP GUI logon 压力测试
1：修改SAP参数
登陆SAP系统，输入T-CODE “RZ11”, 输入sapgui/user_scripting，单击“显示”单击“更改值”，输入“TRUE”
单击保存按钮，出现提示信息，不理会，单击“继续”。

2：启用脚本
登陆SAP，单击红方框的按钮，单击“选项”—
找到“脚本”选项卡，勾选“启用脚本”，单击确定
3：启动LoadRunner--Virtual User Generator，录制脚本单击新建按钮，选择SAPGUI，单击“Create”
弹出录制脚本页面
单击“Options”,可以设定SAP GUI自动登陆，输入相应参数单击“OK”,返回录制脚本页面，单击“OK”，开始录制脚本
录制脚本，比如完成一个VA01的事务
录制完脚本后，单击试运行按钮，看看是否能够执行刚才的SAP事务，试运行完后，手工登录到SAP验证一下。

4：创建场景（Controller），进行压力测试
（注意：由于SAPgui不是WEB应用，在创建测试场景之前
要把license换成golba-100: AEAMAUIK-YAFEKEKJJKEEA-BCJGI）
5：查看SAP资源监控输入RZ20
单击buffers
可以继续选择展开双击查看是那些参数需要调整（备注不要乱调，要有经验的BASIS去调，否则乱改参数可能导致SAP启动不起来）
（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。

压力测试具体实施方法压力测试是指通过模拟实际应用场景下的高负载环境，对系统进行测试，以评估系统的性能和稳定性。

在软件开发过程中，压力测试是非常重要的一环，能够发现系统在高负载情况下的性能瓶颈和问题，并及时进行优化和调整。

压力测试的具体实施方法如下：1. 确定测试目标在进行压力测试之前，首先需要明确测试的目标。

例如，测试系统在某种负载情况下的响应时间、吞吐量、并发连接数等指标。

2. 设计测试用例根据系统的实际使用情况和预期负载，设计一系列合理的测试用例。

测试用例应覆盖系统的各个功能模块和业务流程，并设置不同的负载参数。

例如，可以模拟用户同时登录、并发访问某个功能、大量数据读写等场景。

3. 准备测试环境搭建测试环境是进行压力测试的前提条件。

需要准备一台或多台性能相当的测试机器，配置好相应的操作系统、数据库和应用程序。

同时，需要模拟真实的用户行为和网络环境，以确保测试结果的准确性。

4. 设置负载场景根据设计的测试用例，设置合适的负载场景。

可以使用专业的压测工具，如Apache JMeter、LoadRunner等，通过模拟多个用户同时访问系统，产生大量的请求。

可以控制并发数、请求频率、持续时间等参数，以模拟真实的负载情况。

5. 收集性能数据在测试过程中，及时收集系统的性能数据。

可以监控系统的响应时间、吞吐量、CPU和内存使用率等指标。

同时，也可以通过日志记录系统的运行情况，以便后续分析和排查问题。

6. 分析测试结果根据收集到的性能数据，对测试结果进行分析。

可以比较不同负载场景下的性能指标，找出系统的瓶颈和问题。

同时，也可以与预期目标进行对比，评估系统的性能和稳定性。

7. 优化和调整根据测试结果，对系统进行优化和调整。

可以针对性地对性能瓶颈进行优化，如增加服务器资源、优化代码逻辑、调整数据库索引等。

通过不断的优化和测试，逐步提升系统的性能和稳定性。

8. 迭代测试压力测试是一个迭代的过程。

在进行系统更新或功能扩展后，需要重新进行压力测试，以确保系统在新的情况下仍然能够正常工作。

About the T utorialMany Organizations implement SAP ERP to manage their business operations efficiently. SAP Testing is about testing the functionality of various SAP modules and to ensure that they perform as per the configuration. This tutorial explains the basics of SAP testing. AudienceThis tutorial is meant for all those readers who want to learn complete end-to-end testing and validation of all SAP modules in SAP ERP environment.PrerequisitesYou need to have a basic understanding of the concepts of enterprise resource planning in order to make the most of this tutorial.Disclaimer & Copyright© Copyright 2018 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd.All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher.We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or inthistutorial,******************************************T able of ContentsAbout the Tutorial (i)Audience (i)Prerequisites (i)Disclaimer & Copyright (i)Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... i i1.SAP TESTING – OVERVIEW (1)2.SAP TESTING – TYPES OF TESTING (4)3.SAP TESTING – MANUAL AND AUTOMATION TESTING (5)4.SAP TESTING – SDLC (6)Software Testing Life Cycle (7)5.SAP TESTING – TESTING TYPES IN SAP (11)Unit Testing (11)System Testing (11)Scenario-based Testing (11)Integration Testing (12)SAP Interface Testing (12)SAP User Acceptance Testing (12)SAP System Performance Testing (12)SAP Load Testing (12)SAP Security and Authorizations Testing (13)SAP Cutover Testing (13)SAP Regression Testing (13)Test Planning (14)Test System Setup (14)Test Execution and Evaluation (14)SAP Testing – Critical Process (14)7.SAP TESTING – NAVIGATION (16)8.SAP TESTING – SCREEN FLOW (19)Creating Screen Flow (19)Testing Screens (20)9.SAP TESTING – MODULES (21)10.SAP TESTING – INTERFACES (23)11.SAP TESTING – TEST-CASES (24)12.SAP TESTING – TAO (27)SAP TAO 2.0 (27)SAP TAO Process Architecture (28)Prerequisites for Installing SAP TAO (29)13.SAP TAO – FOLDER STRUCTURE (30)14.SAP TESTING – CONFIGURE SAP QUALITY CENTER (33)HP Server Attributes (33)HP Project (33)15.SAP TAO – RESULTS ANALYSIS (38)16.SAP TAO – BUILD & EXECUTE TEST SCRIPT (40)17.SAP TAO – CONSOLIDATE (41)19.SAP TESTING – AUTOMATION TOOLS (43)20.SAP TESTING – SOLUTION MANAGER (44)21.SAP TESTING – HP BUSINESS PROCESS TESTING (46)HP Quality Center (ALM) (47)22.SAP TESTING – QTP (49)23.SAP TESTING – CASE STUDY (51)24.SAP TESTING – INTERVIEW QUESTIONS (52)SAP Testing 1Many organizations implement SAP ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) to manage their business operations and adapt according to new market challenges. SAP R/3 is an integrated ERP software that allows organizations to manage their business efficiently. Organizations can reduce the cost to run their operations by using SAP R/3 ERP packages. SAP R/3 also allows customers to interact with different databases to run different applications with the help of a user-friendly GUI. The SAP R/3 system is divided into different modules to cover the functionality of different business operations in an organization.The most common SAP R/3 modules are:∙SAP Material Management ∙SAP Financial Accounting and Controlling ∙SAP Sales and Distribution ∙SAP Human Resource ∙SAP Supply Chain Management ∙ SAP Plant ManagementSAP Testing is about testing the functionality of these modules and to ensure that they perform as per the configuration.1.2A SAP system undergoes various changes like patch management and fixes, new module implementations, and various other configuration changes. All these modifications raise a need for Regression testing that is to be performed in SAP environments. SAP testing automation tools like SAP Test Acceleration and Optimization tools can be used for this purpose.SAP TAO is an automation tool to generate test cases for end-to-end scenarios for SAP applications. Apart from this, there are various other Automation testing tools for SAP testing like HP QTP, and ECATT, etc. that can be used.Importance of TestingHere is a list of key reasons why SAP testing is performed and why it is an important function in the growth of an organization:∙System Validation: SAP Testing involves complete end-to-end testing and validation of all SAP modules in SAP ERP environment.∙Quality and Revenue: SAP Testing is an output-based testing and not like conventional testing methods which are input-based. It ensures the quality of SAP system and also focuses on revenue and cost of the organization.∙Cost and Predictability: SAP Testing involves reducing the SAP development costs and improve predictability.3∙Compliance Requirement: SAP Testing ensures that the SAP implementation is meeting the new compliance requirements in a specific organization and all the modules are working as per the expected configuration.∙New Implementation and Configuration Changes: There are different types of changes implemented in a SAP system, like patches and fixes, new implementation, configurational changes. Therefore, SAP testing ensures that all the modules are performing as per requirement in this dynamic system environment.∙Integration: SAP testing is performed to test various reports, data flows and work flows, GUI forms, etc. It is used to check system integration between different modules. For example, if an order posting is done that requires an action in Sales and Distribution, MM and FICO, then SAP testing checks the integration between these systems.∙Performance: It is also used to ensure if the system will be able to meet the Service Level agreements, time taken by system to perform specific actions, performance of the system, etc.SAP Testing 4There are different testing methods that can be used to test the functionality of a software, system, or an application.The most common testing techniques are:∙ Unit Testing : It is a type of white-box testing that involves testing a single unit or group of units.∙ Integration Testing : In this testing, multiple systems are combined together to test the output of the integrated system.∙ Functional Testing: It checks the functionality of each module as per the desired result.∙ Usability Testing: It checks the ease of use of an application or a system. It checks how easy it would be for a new user to use an application or to understand the system.∙ Acceptance Testing: Acceptance testing is performed to test if a system meets the user requirement and whether to accept the application or system.∙ System Testing: Entire system is tested as per the requirement and specification.∙ Stress Testing: In this testing, the system is put into stress beyond its specification to check when it fails.∙ Performance Testing: This testing is performed to check if the system meets the performance requirement.∙ Regression Testing: It includes testing the full application or system for the modifications.∙ Beta Testing: The aim of beta testing is to cover unexpected errors. It falls under the class of black-box testing. It is performed by releasing the pre-version of the final product, called Beta.∙ Database Testing: Database testing is used to test the data in the database. It is performed using SQL statements.∙ETL Testing: ETL testing is performed to ensure if data is correctly extracted, transformed, and loaded from a source system to a target system.2.SAP Testing 5Manual TestingManual testing means you are testing a software manually without using any automated tools or any script. In this type of testing, the tester takes over the role of an end-user and tests the software to identify bugs or any unexpected behavior.There are different stages of a manual testing. They are: unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and user acceptance testing.Various test plans, test cases, or test scenarios are used by a manual tester to ensure the completeness of testing. Manual testing can also be called exploratory testing because the testers explore the software to identify errors in it manually. Automation TestingIn Automation testing, the tester writes the scripts and uses software tools to test the product. This process involves the automation of a manual process. Automation testing includes re-running the test-cases multiple times that were performed manually. Automation testing is also used to test the application from load, performance, and stress purpose. It is used to increase the coverage of test. Automation testing improves the accuracy and saves time and money in comparison to manual testing. Software Testing ToolsThe following tools can be used for Automation testing:∙HP Quick Test Professional (QTP) ∙Selenium ∙SAP TAO ∙ECATT ∙IBM Rational Functional Tester ∙SilkTest ∙TestComplete ∙Testing Anywhere ∙WinRunner ∙LaodRunner ∙Visual Studio Test Professional ∙ WATIR3.SAP Testing 6Software Development Life Cycle determines the series of steps to be performed to develop an application or the efficiency of a software. In this chapter, we will discuss the phases defined in SDLC. Each phase has its own process and deliverables that goes into the next phase.Feasibility StudyThe first stage of SDLC is requirement gathering . After the requirements are gathered, the team comes up with a rough plan of software process. At this step, the team analyzes if a software can be made to fulfill all the requirements of the user. It is found out if the project is financially, practically, and technologically feasible for the organization to take up. There are many algorithms available, which help the developers to conclude the feasibility of a software project.System AnalysisAt this step, the developers decide a roadmap of their plan and try to bring up the best software model suitable for the project. System analysis includes understanding of software product limitations, learning system-related problems or changes to be done in the existing systems, identifying and addressing the impact of the project on the organization and personnel etc. The project team analyzes the scope of the project and plans the schedule and resources accordingly.Software DesignThe next step is to bring the whole knowledge of requirements and analysis on to the desk and design the software product. The inputs from the users and the information gathered in the requirement gathering phase are the inputs of this step. The output of this step comes in the form of two designs; logical design and physical design . Engineers produce meta-data and data dictionaries, logical diagrams, data-flow diagrams and in some cases pseudocodes.CodingThis step is also known as programming phase . The implementation of software design starts in terms of writing the program code in a suitable programming language and developing error-free executable programs efficiently.TestingAn estimate says that 50% of the whole software development process should be tested. Errors may ruin the software from critical level to its own removal. Software testing is done while coding by the developers and thorough testing is conducted by testing experts at various levels of code such as module testing, program testing, product testing, in-house testing and testing the product at user’s end. Early discovery of errors and their remedy is the key to developing a reliable software.4.7IntegrationSoftware may need to be integrated with the libraries, databases, and other program(s). This stage of SDLC deals with the integration of the software with outer world entities. ImplementationImplementation or deployment means installing the software on user machines. At times, the software needs post-installation configurations at the user’s end. Software is tested for portability and adaptability and integration related issues are solved during implementation.Software T esting Life CycleSoftware Testing Life Cycle (STLC) consists of all the steps that are performed in a specific way to ensure that quality goals are met and each step has specific goals and deliverables.STLC is used to improve the quality of a software product and to make it capable to meet the business requirements to achieve certain goals.The different stages that come under Software Testing Life Cycle are as follows: ∙Requirements phase∙Test Planning∙Test Analysis∙Test Design Phase∙Test Implementation∙Test Execution Phase∙Test Closure Phase8Requirement PhaseThis is the first phase of Software Testing Life Cycle. During this phase, the tester’s job is to analyze the requirements. There are various methods for Requirement Analysis like conducting brainstorming sessions with business people, team members, and try to find out whether the requirements are testable or not.This phase determines the scope of the testing. If a testing team finds any features that can’t be tested, then that should be communicated to the client.Test PlanningIn this phase, the tester identifies the activities and resources which would help to meet the testing objectives.Various metrics are defined and there are methods available to determine and track those metrics. Test planning also includes identifying key performance indicators for testing evaluation.Test AnalysisThis phase determines the guidelines that has to be tested. It includes identifying the test conditions using the requirements document, any risks involved, and other test criteria.9Various factors are used to find out the test conditions:∙Product Complexity∙Depth of Testing∙Risk Involved∙Skills Required∙Knowledge of testing team members∙Test management∙Availability of the stakeholdersTest conditions should be written in a detailed way.Let us take an example. For a website selling products online, a test condition is that a customer should be able to make an online payment. You can add detailed conditions like, payment should be feasible using Credit card, NEFT transfer, debit card or net banking. The advantage of writing the detailed test condition is that it increases the scope of testing because test-cases are normally written on the basis of the test condition. It allows to write more detailed test cases. It also helps in determining the condition of when to stop the testing of a software product.Test Design PhaseThis phase determines how the tests are performed.∙Break down the test conditions into multiple sub-conditions to increase its coverage.∙Get the test data.∙Set up the test environment.∙Get the requirement traceability metrics.∙Create the test coverage metrics.Test Implementation PhaseThis phase includes the creation of detailed test-cases as per the test conditions and metrics defined.∙Prioritize the test case.∙Test-case to be used for Regression.∙Ensure the correctness of the test-cases.∙Sign off of the test-cases before the actual execution starts.10Test Execution PhaseThis phase of Software Testing Life Cycle involves actual execution of test-cases.∙Execute the test-cases.∙Log the defects.∙Check traceability metrics to track progress.Test ClosureThis phase includes checking for the completion of the test.∙Check if all the test-cases are executed and opened defects.∙Note down the lessons learnt.∙Close the Testing phase.11End of ebook previewIf you liked what you saw…Buy it from our store @ https://。

SAP 通用操作手册目录1.登录SAP R/31.1建立LOGON快捷登录界面1.2登录系统1.3检查系统的合法性和当前使用的系统参数2.设置用户登录参数3.设置显示的参数3.1在菜单上能够显示事务码3.2在业务操作过程中显示清单码3.3设置系统字体3.4设置系统使用的字符集3.5设置用户常用的事务码集3.6设置快速拷贝和粘贴3.7 R/3窗口的管理3.7.1新开窗口143.7.2退出当前的事务操作执行新的事务3.7.3 退出系统4.使用R/3的办公室与R/3用户联系4.1从R/3菜单执行:Office--SWBP—Workplace, 4.2使用R/3信箱4.2.1新建邮件4.2.2编辑邮件(举例)5.管理自己的打印任务(事务码SP01)6.其它R/3应用功能6.1设置R/3变式6.2使用R/3变式6.3 R/3中多选择条件使用6.3 针对字段的选择条件(F4)1.登录SAP R/31.1建立登录快捷登录界面在进入R/3的登录界面，需要对R/3登录信息进行设置，以便登录不同的系统，例如培训系统.测试系统或者正式使用的系统。

在R/3的登录界面，点击“更改项目”，进入下面的界面，说明只是系统的名称描述，例如测试系统，我们命名为TPV-ides，真正影响登录的系统的是应用程序服务器和系统编号两个字段，可以通过系统管理人员获得。

输入完成后，点击保存，返回开始界面。

1.2登录系统在初始界面，双击要登录的系统，例如TPV-ides（测试系统）；或者选中后，点击登录按钮，进入下面的界面。

修改密码在上面的界面中,固定CLIENT,丛系统管理员处获得,测试系统使用Client号(登录系统号),USER和Password丛系统管理员处获得,如果需要修改密码, 点击修改密码按钮,但是必须首先输入你已经获得密码才能修改。

如果点击NEW PASSWORD，会出现下面的屏幕：将新密码重复输入两遍，回车，系统会出现修改密码的成功的提示，新密码必须不能与前6次使用的密码相同。