英语国家概况（1）课程形成性考核题
英语国家概况（1）课程第3次形成性考核答案与讲评
（Unit 11-20）
I. True or False:
Ireland
Unit 11 Land, People and History
(T) 01. When referring to Ireland, people mean either the Republic of Ireland or Northern Ireland,
a province of Great Britain. (Unit 11)
(F) 02. The area covering the republic of Ireland is ten times of that of Northern Ireland. (Unit 11)
The area covering the republic of Ireland is five times of that of Northern Ireland. (T) (T) 03. After the Great Famine, there was a rapid decline of population and many Irish people immigrated to other countries. (Unit 11)
(T) 04. The Republic of Ireland is a young country with more than half of the people under the age of 25. (Unit 11)
(F) 05. The word “Ireland” is used ambiguously to mean the Republic of Ireland. (Unit 11)
The word “Ireland”is used ambiguously to mean both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. (T)
Unit 12 Politics and Economy
(F) 06. In Ireland, the president is the Head of State and has executive power. (Unit 12)
In Ireland, the president is only a symbolic Head of State and does not have executive
power. (T)
(T) 07. The Irish Parliament is responsible of making laws, and the Senate only has the power of making recommendations. (Unit 12)
(T) 08. The highest in ranking in the Irish legal system is the High Court, which has full jurisdiction and powers in all matters of law. (Unit 12)
(T) 09. Ireland has an open and trade-dependent economy. (Unit 12)
(F) 10. Ireland joined the EU in 1991. (Unit 12)
Ireland joined the EU in 1971. (T)
Unit 13 Irish Culture: How the Irish Live Now
(F) 11. The obvious change over the past decades is the rise of the authority of the Roman
Catholic Church in Ireland. (Unit 13)
The obvious change over the past decades is the decline of the authority of the Roman
Catholic Church in Ireland. (T)
(T) 12. The Catholic Church is opposed to abortion and divorce in Ireland. (Unit 13)
(F) 13. Traditionally, Ireland was an urban and industrial culture. (Unit 13)
Traditionally, Ireland has been a rural and agricultural culture. (T)
(T) 14. Today free education provided by the Irish government covers all public universities, as is common in most of the countries of Europe. (Unit 13)
(T) 15. After 1960s, the participation in second level education rose from 45% to 90%. (Unit 13) Unit 14 Irish Culture: Language, Literature and Arts
(T) 16. The Great Famine lasted from 1845 to 1848 in Ireland. (Unit 14)
(F) 17. Most Irish people now generally speak Irish. (Unit 14)
Most Irish people now do not generally speak Irish. (T)
(T) 18. Ireland has a traditional culture which has derived from its rich folk heritage. (Unit 14) (F) 19. Ireland is noted for its visual culture compared with its literature and music. (Unit 14)
Ireland is not very noted for its visual culture compared with its literature and music. (T) (T) 20. The most natively Irish game or sport is hurling. (Unit 14)
Australia
Unit 15 The Land and People of the Dreaming
(F) 21. In terms of its size, Australia is the largest continent and the smallest island in the world.
(Unit 15)
In terms of its size, Australia is the largest island and the smallest continent in the world.
(T)
(F) 22. Dreaming is shared by all the Australian people about how the features of their land were
created. (Unit 15)
Dreaming is shared by the members of an indigenous group about how the features of their land were created. (T)
(T) 23. Dreaming helps the indigenous people to survive in the harsh environment of the desert of Australia. (Unit 15)
(T) 24. White sealers and pastoralists exploited the indigenous people’s knowledge of the land and created wealth for the colonizers. (Unit 15)
(T) 25. The platypus, the kangaroo, the koala or wombat are animal that are unique to the continent of Australia. (Unit 15)
Unit 16 Religion in Australia Today
(T) 26. Protestantism has been the most dominant form of religion in Australia since 1788. (Unit
16)
(T) 27. The Protestant ethic supports the Spirit of Capitalism and furthers its development. (Unit
16)
(F) 28. The Catholic Church used to be the dominant religion in the better part of Australian
history. (Unit 16)
The Anglican Church used to be the dominant religion in the better part of Australian
history. (T)
(F) 29. The Jewish people have contributed much less than their share to the development of
Australia society. (Unit 16)
The Jewish people have contributed much more than their share to the development of
Australia society. (T)
(F) 30. The fist Muslims who came to Australia were gold diggers. (Unit 16)
The fist Muslims who came to Australia were camel drivers. (T)
Unit 17 From Penal Colony to “Free Migration”
(T) 31. The European settlement in Australia started in 1788 is Sydney. (Unit 17)
(F) 32. Convicts’ wives in England were encouraged from following their husband to Australia.
(Unit 17)
Convicts’ wives in England were discouraged from following their husband to Australia.
(T)
(T) 33. The convict husbands of free wives could be assigned to work for their own families as ticket-of- leave servants. (Unit 17)
(T) 34. Francis Greenaway was an emancipist who designed some fine buildings in Sydney. (Unit
17)
(F) 35. Mr. Peek’s story shows the scarcity of resources in the colony. (Unit 17)
Mr. Peek’s story shows capitalism’s inability to retain labourers. (T)
Unit 18 Australia as a Liberal Democratic Society
(T) 36. The Australian political system follows the western democratic tradition, reflecting British and North American experience. (Unit 18)
(T) 37. It is generally acknowledged that the Prime Minister and the Cabinet at the federal level is the centre of Australian parliamentary power. (Unit 18)
(T) 38. Laws of the State should be changed if they don’t agree with the federal laws. (Unit 18) (T) 39. Many migrants poured into Australia during the 1850s. As a result, the Australian population increased by 50% in that decade. (Unit 18)
(F) 40. The Governor-General is the real head of the Cabinet in Australia. (Unit 18)
The Governor-General is the formal head of the executive branch of the government in
Australia. (T)
Unit 19 Bureaucratic Power and Whistle-Blowers
(T) 41. The Elite Theory mainly focuses on the role of the executive and the citizenry. (Unit 19) (F) 42. Government departments are under the authority of both the elected ministers and the
Heads of Department. (Unit 19)
Government departments are under the authority of both the elected ministers and the
non-elected Heads of Department. (T)
(T) 43. Generally speaking, the public servants of a government department do not change when the government changes. (Unit 19)
(F) 44. Whistle-blowers are responsible officials. (Unit 19)
Whistle-blowers are responsible citizens who supervise officials. (T)
(F) 45. The whistle-blowing syndrome is characterized by a lack of investigation of the complaints
externally. (Unit 19)
The whistle-blowing syndrome is characterized by a lack of investigation of the complaints both internally and externally. (T)
Unit 20 From Racism to Multiculturalism
(T) 46. Few non-British migrants benefited from assisted migration in Australia. (Unit 20)
(F) 47. The Pacific Islanders were abducted to work in the sugar industry of New South Wales.
(Unit 20)
The Pacific Islanders were abducted to work in the sugar industry of Northern Queensland.
(T)
(T) 48. The original intention of the massive post-war immigration programme was to keep Australia “white and free”. (Unit 20)
(F) 49. The One Nation Party complained that the government had paid too little attention to the
welfare of the indigenous people and the development of Multiculturalism. (Unit 20)
The One Nation Party complained that the government had paid too much attention to the welfare of the indigenous people and the development of Multiculturalism. (T)
(T) 50. The Gurindji people strike at the Wave Hill cattle station, won support not only from the black community, but the white worker’s union as well. (Unit 20)
II. Choose the best answer:
Ireland
Unit 11 Land, People and History
01. It was said that Christianity was introduced into Ireland by ______. (Unit 11) Key D
A. the Vikings
B. the Normans
C. Brian Boru
D. Saint Patrick
02. In 1541, ______ declared to be the king of Ireland, the first English monarch to do so. (Unit
11) Key A
A. Henry VII
B. Queen Elizabeth
C. William of Orange
D. James II
03. Arthur Griffith developed a new political party in the period 1905-08 known as ______.
(Unit 11) Key C
A. Irish Republican Brotherhood
B. United Irishmen
C. Sinn Fein
D. Home Rule
04. In 1916 the Irish V olunteers and the Irish Citizen Army staged a rebellion against British rule,
recorded in history as ______. (Unit 11) Key A
A. the Easter Rising of 1916
B. the Home Rule campaign
C. the Fenian Movement
D. the national agrarian movement
05. After two years of independence war between 1919 and 1921, ______ was signed. (Unit 11)
Key A
A. the Anglo-Irish Treaty
B. the Home Rule bill
C. the Act of Union
D. the Treaty of Independence
Unit 12 Politics and Economy
06. The daily business of the government is executed by the ______. (Unit 12) Key A
A. cabinet
B. parliament
C. senate
D. Prime Minister
07. How long is the office term of the President of Ireland? (Unit 12) Key D
A. 4 years.
B. 5 years.
C. 6 years.
D. 7 years.
08. How many members does the Senate consist of? (Unit 12) Key B
A. 60
B. 66
C. 106
D. 166
09. Up until 1970’s the Irish economy was ______. (Unit 12) Key A
A. inward-looking
B. trade-dependent
C. based on services
D. based on manufacturing
10. Under the constitution, the President of Ireland is elected by ______. (Unit 12) Key C
A. the majority of the Parliament and Senate
B. the main party
C. direct vote from Irish people
D. indirect vote from Irish people
Unit 13 Irish Culture: How the Irish Live Now
11. What is the first official language of the Irish Republic? (Unit 13) Key B
A. English
B. Irish
C. Celtic
D. Gaelic
12. In the past ______ years, Ireland has passed from being a traditional culture to a post
industrial one, without any of the intervening state. (Unit 13) Key C
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40
13. In both Northern Ireland and the Republic, joining the ______ has provided a larger, federal
context which gives a more generous perspective on particular national difficulties. (Unit 13)
Key D
A. UK
B. UN
C. NATO
D. EU
14. Now about ______ of all children are born to single mothers. (Unit 13) Key B
A. half
B. a third
C. two thirds
D. a quarter
15. Where does an Irish meet friends and neighbours on an informal basis? (Unit 13) Key A
A. In a public house.
B. At home.
C. In a restaurant.
D. In working place.
Unit 14 Irish Culture: Language, Literature and Arts
16. The death blow to the Irish language was ______. (Unit 14) Key C
A. the British colonial rule
B. the independence of Ireland
C. the Great Famine
D. Ireland’s accession to the EU
17. The first Irish national state was set up ______. (Unit 14) Key C
A. in 1919
B. in 1920
C. in 1922
D. in 1949
18. In communication, the Irish value ______ most. (Unit 14) Key D
A. writing
B. gesture
C. eye contact
D. talk
19. In Ireland, writers can publish their works ____. (Unit 14) Key C
A. only in Irish
B. only in English
C. either Irish or English
D. neither Irish nor English
20. Among the following writers, which is not Irish according to the claim of Ireland? (Unit 14)
Key A
A. Charles Dickens
B. Jonathan Swift
C. Bernard Shaw
D. Oscar Wilde
Australia
Unit 15 The Land and People of the Dreaming
21. Which of the following is NOT a native Australian animal? (Unit 15) Key A
A. Sheep.
B. Wombat.
C. Koala.
D. Kangaroo.
22. 80% of Australian’s population lives _____. (Unit 15) Key C
A. in the north, east and southwest of the country
B. in the eastern, central and western areas of the country
C. in the eastern, southern and southwestern borders of the country
D. in the northern, eastern and western hills of the country
23. According to the Dreaming, ______. (Unit 15) Key D
A. people should exploit the land as much as they can
B. the land belongs to people who cultivate it
C. the land is the creator of people
D. people are a part of the land
24. When did the British take over the continent of Australia and declare it “terra nullius”? (Unit
15) Key D
A. In the 15th century.
B. In the 16th century.
C. In the 17th century.
D. In the late 18th century.
25. Australia’s practice of racial segregation was similar to that of ______. (Unit 15) Key C
A. Portugal and the U.S.
B. Holland and South Africa
C. South Africa and the U.S.
D. Portugal and Holland
Unit 16 Religion in Australia Today
26. Which of the following religions has an “electi ve affinity” with capitalism? (Unit 16)
Key D
A. Buddhism
B. Judaism
C. Islam
D. Protestantism
27. Which of the following has the demographic supremacy in Australia today? (Unit 16)Key C
A. The Anglican Church
B. The secularism
C. Catholicism
D. Buddhism
28. Which of the following is NOT a part of the Protestant value system? (Unit 16) Key A
A. Self-indulgence.
B. Rationalism.
C. Asceticism.
D. Individualism.
29. The relationship between the Dreaming and Protestantism in terms of human-nature relations
is ______. (Unit 16) Key B
A. compatible
B. contrasting
C. similar
D. complementary
30. Which of the following was NOT an important force in forming Australian unionism? (Unit
16) Key B
A. Working class Protestants.
B. Fundamentalists.
C. Catholics.
D. Secularists.
Unit 17 From Penal Colony to “Free Migration”
31. Which of the following was established as free colony? (Unit 17) Key A
A. Western Australia
B. New South Wales
C. Tasmania
D. Queensland
32. Emancipists were ______. (Unit 17) Key D
A. magistrates
B. pastoralists
C. retired officials
D. ex-convicts
33. Which of the following became the most successful ex-convict businesswoman? (Unit 17)
Key B
A. Elizabeth Ruse
B. Mary Reiby
C. Ann Evans
D. Margret McDonald
34. The Wakefield Scheme was implemented most thoroughly in ______. (Unit 17) Key C
A. Queensland
B. New South Wales
C. South Australia
D. Victoria
35. The “Currently children” were ______ than their peers in England. (Unit 17) Key D
A. weaker and paler
B. better educated
C. poorer
D. less criminal
Unit 18 Australia as a Liberal Democratic Society
36. Which of the following helped to increase the population of Australia significantly? (Unit
18)
Key C
A. The long wool boom.
B. The Second World War.
C. The gold rush.
D. The minimum wage.
37. Which of the following was NOT source of migrants for the post-World War II assisted
migration to Australia? (Unit 18) Key A
A. The Middle East.
B. Britain
C. Southern Europe
D. Eastern Europe
38. The rise of the unemployment rate in 1970s was caused by ______. (Unit 18) Key B
A. fierce competition between Australian manufacturers
B. lowering of the tariff system
C. massive immigration programme
D. control of foreign exchange dealings
39. Which of the following has the biggest decline in its share of Australia’s export? (Unit 18)
Key B
A. The mineral industry
B. The rural sector
C. The manufacturing industry
D. Higher education
40. Which of the following has happened in Australian economy? (Unit 18) Key A
A. Tariff rates have lowered
B. The centralized wage system have been abolished
C. The foreign exchange markets have been brought under state control.
D. Work migration to Australia has been made easier.
Unit 19 Bureaucratic Power and Whistle-Blowers
41. Which of the following is used to describe the mass in the Elite Theory of power? (Unit 19)
Key C
A. Responsible.
B. Well-informed.
C. Politically passive.
D. Indifferent.
42. It was believed before 1980s that ______ should play the central role in the promotion and
maintenance of the social prosperity. (Unit 19) Key A
A. the government
B. the private business
C. the bureaucrats
D. the citizens
43. What advantage do the Heads of Departments have over the elected ministers? (Unit 19)
Key C
A. They are free from political power struggle.
B. They are better-educated.
C. They have the specialist expertise in relevant field.
D. They are supported by a large bureaucracy of experts.
44. Which of the following describe the changes in ministerial bureaucratic relationships after
1980s? (Unit 19) Key B
A. Demonisation of the ministerial roles.
B. Politicisation of the public service.
C. Neutralisation of the bureaucracy.
D. Marginalization of the Heads of Department.
45. Closer ties between the Government and the Opposition may have negative impact on
______. (Unit 19) Key D
A. the funding to public service
B. the relationship between the Government and the Opposition
C. the performance of the Parliament
D. the quality of the advice to the government
Unit 20 From Racism to Multiculturalism
46. According to the Immigration Restriction Act 1901, all migrants to Australia had to take
______. (Unit 20) Key B
A. a dictation test in their own language
B. a dictation test in a European language
C. a check of their skin colour
D. a physical check
47. The preferred migrant groups for the post-World War II immigration programme were ______.
(Unit 20) Key D
A. the British, northern European and Asian
B. the southern and central European and Asian
C. the northern, southern and central European
D. the British, northern, southern and central European
48. Which of the following groups tends to occupy the lower range of occupation? (Unit 20)
Key A
A. The Middle Eastern migrants.
B. Northern Europeans.
C. Asian migrants.
D. Australian-born workers.
49. Which of the following introduced the power to move aboriginal people away from towns
and reserves? (Unit 20) Key A
A. The Aboriginal Protection Act 1909.
B. The Immigration Restriction Act 1901.
C. The Mabo Decision.
D. The Wik Decision.
50. Which of the following is NOT a critique of Multiculturalism from the left? (Unit 20)
Key D
A. It has failed to dominance of Anglo-Australians in the political economy.
B. It has not eliminated discrimination against refugees in the work force.
C. It allows the interests of working class to be overruled by bourgeoisie
D. It has caused increasing division in Australian society with policies favoring the migrants. III. E xplain the following terms.
Ireland
Unit 11 Land, People and History
101. Sinn Fein (Unit 11)
Sinn Fein is an Irish political party, active especially in Northern Ireland, which wants Northern Ireland to become part of the Republic of Ireland. It is sometimes called the ‘political wing of the IRA”. Sinn Fein was developed by Arthur Griffith in the period 1905-08. From the mid-1990s, Sinn Fein had an active part in the ‘peace process’(=the attempts to achieve a peaceful solution to the problems of Northern Ireland) under its president Gerry Adams.
Unit 12 Politics and Economy
102. The Irish Parliament (Unit 12)
The Parliament of Ireland is comprised of two houses: the Parliament and the Senate. Government policy and administration may be examined and criticized in both Houses, but under the Constitution the Government is responsible to the Parliament alone.
Unit 13 Irish Culture: How the Irish Live Now
103. The Power of the Catholic Church in Ireland (Unit 13)
Irish Catholicism concentrated on what it saw as matters of sexual purity. These attitudes greatly shaped the attitude of the new republic. The Catholic Church exercised a firm hold over educational structures, over hospitals, over the media, and over the way people thought about themselves and their lives, This began to change only after the late 1970s.
Unit 14 Irish Culture: Language, Literature and Arts
104. Hurling (Unit 14)
This sport is the most natively Irish game. It is played by two teams of fifteen players, with a ball like a hockey ball which is struck by wooden sticks with a curved, rounded end or boss.
Australia
Unit 15 The Land and People of the Dreaming
105. The Dreaming (Unit 15)
The Dreaming is the belief system from ancient times that has bound indigenous groups together. The central principle of the Dreaming is that the people who live on the continent have special responsibilities to the land. The people don’t own the land, instead the land own the people. The stories of the Dreaming provide principles of how people should live and interact with each other. They also provide knowledge of the land so that the indigenous can survive in the
life-threatening environment.
Unit 16 Religion in Australia Today
106. Protestantism in Australia (Unit 16)
Protestantism is the most dominant form of religion in modern Australian society. It was the religion of governing colonial class in Australia. It promotes values such as rationalism, individualism, hard work, worldly success and asceticism. Though its values are paradoxical, they fit well with the principles of Capitalism, and support the development of Capitalism.
Unit 17 From Penal Colony to “Free Migration”
107. Pastoralists (Unit 17)
The pastoralists are major landowners. They are usually the magistrates of their local area. They used the legal power as magistrates to force convict labourers to work hard. They built their wealth on the unpaid labour of the convicts. This is why they supported the transportation of convicts to Australia.
Unit 18 Australia as a Liberal Democratic Society
108. The three-tier system of Australian government (Unit 18)
The Australian federation has three tiers in its government: at the federal level, there are the Australian Parliament and the Government. In the second tier are the state governments and their legislatures. In the third tier are the local government bodies at the city, town and shire levels. The Prime Minister and his/her cabinet is the centre of Australian parliamentary power.
Unit 19 Bureaucratic Power and Whistle-Blowers
109. Whistle-blowers (Unit 19)
Whistle-blowers are often experts in both senior and lower levels of bureaucracies. They discover in their branch of the organization some problems of corruption and try to expose them.
Unit 20 From Racism to Multiculturalism
110. Multiculturalism (Unit 20)
Multiculturalism was adopted in Australia in 1973. It was comprised of 3 areas of policy: Cultural Identity, which means the right to express and share one’s cultural heritage; Social Justice, the right to get equal treatment and opportunity; and Economic Efficiency, the need to maintain and develop the skills of all Australians regardless of their backgrounds.