戴炜栋《新编简明英语语言学教程》章节题库(语言变化) 【圣才出品】
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1 / 13 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 圣才电子书 www.100xuexi.com 第7章 语言变化 I. Multiple choices: 1. The ______ century is considered to be the beginning of modem English. A. 20th B. 19th C. 18th D. 17th 【答案】C 【解析】18世纪被认为是现代英语的开始。公元450~1100年为古英语时期;14世纪~15世纪为中世纪英语时期;16世纪~17世纪为早期现代英语时期;18世纪~20世纪为现代英语时期;最近50年为当代英语时期。因此,本体的正确答案为C。 2. Which of the following does NOT belong to the methods of the addition of new words? A. Acronyms. B. Back-formation. C. Functional shift D. Semantic shift. 【答案】D 【解析】新词的添加主要通过以下几种方式:coinage创新词,clipped words缩略词, 2 / 13 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 圣才电子书 www.100xuexi.com blending紧缩词,acronyms词首字母缩略词,back-formation逆构词法,functional shift功能转换,borrowing借用。Semantic shift属于词义的变化。因此,本题的正确答案为D。 3. “Fridge” is a ______ and “B2B” is ______. A. blend, clipped word B. clipped word, acronym C. back-formation, loan word D. acronym, coined word 【答案】B 【解析】fridge是较长的词refrigerator的缩写,是缩略词(clipped word);B2B是由几个词Business-to-Business的首字母构成的词,是词首字母缩略词acronym。因此,本题的正确答案为B。 4. The following words are the examples for “back-formation” EXCEPT ______. A. to hawk B. to baby-sit C. to bug D. to beg 【答案】C 【解析】back formation是逆构词法,通过“去掉”一个被认为是旧词的一部分的词缀而创造出的新词被称为“逆构词”,如:edit(from editor),hawk(from hawker), 3 / 13 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 圣才电子书 www.100xuexi.com beg(from beggar), baby-sit(baby-sitter)等。单词可以不通过加词缀就从一个词类转到另一个词类, 如:名词bug可通过功能转换(functional shift)生成动词to bug。因此,本题的正确答案是C。 5. The following words are the examples for “blending” EXCEPT ______. A. brunch B. smog C. motel D. gym 【答案】D 【解析】紧缩词blending是通过组合其他词某些部分而构成的词,如:smog(smoke+ fog), motel(motor+ hotel), brunch(breakfast+ lunch)。Gym是长词gymnasium的缩写,是clipped word缩略词。因此,本题的正确答案为D。 6. Which of the following words is NOT the example of semantic narrowing? A. Tail. B. Deer. C. Meat. D. Com. 【答案】A 【解析】deer的意义由“任何动物”变为“某一特定的动物”,meat的意义由“食物” 变为“动物可食部分”,corn的意义由“谷物”变为“某一特定的谷物”,这三个词都 4 / 13 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 圣才电子书 www.100xuexi.com 属于词义缩小;tail的意义由“马的尾巴”变为“任何动物的尾巴”,为词义扩大的示例。因此,本题的正确答案为A。 7. Which of the following words is the example of semantic broadening? A. hound B. companion C. silly D. girl 【答案】C 【解析】companion过去是指“与你共享面包的人”,现在指“任何陪伴你的人”,属于词义扩大。hound过去是“dog”的总称,现在已被缩小为某一特殊的狗;girl曾经是指“任何性别的年轻人”,而现在词义缩小专指“年轻女性”;silly过去在古英语中表示“幸福”,到中世纪英语时期开始表示“单纯得有点儿傻”,到现代英语转为表示“愚蠢的”。因此,本题的正确答案为C。 8. The new words such as “police officer”, “chairperson” are created because ______. A. science and technology are developing rapidly B. computer and internet technology are more and more popular C. women have taken up activities formerly reserved for men D. the children can remember them as quickly as possible 【答案】C 5 / 13 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 圣才电子书 www.100xuexi.com 【解析】语言变化的原因有很多种:有科技的进步,妇女地位的转变。“police officer”,“chairperson”等词以前为:policeman,chairman,因为当时从事这一行业的几乎都是男性。但是如今女性也都加入到这些行业中,所以出现了一些中性化的词语。因此,本题的正确答案为C。 9. As science and technology develops, the word “planet-friendly” is coined in the ______. domain. A. space travel B. computer and interact language C. ecology D. IT 【答案】C 【解析】planet-friendly是指“对地球环保的”,来源于生态学(ecology)。因此,本题的正确答案为C。 10. “Quarantine” once had the restricted meaning “forty days’ isolation”. This is an example of______. A. semantic broadening B. semantic narrowing C. semantic shift D. loss of words 【答案】A 6 / 13 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 圣才电子书 www.100xuexi.com 【解析】quarantine曾经专指“40天隔离”,现在扩展为“隔离”,为词义扩大。因此,本题的正确答案为A。 11. The word “holiday” originally meant a holy day; but now the word signifies any day when we don’t have to work. This is an example of______. A. meaning shift B. widening of meaning C. narrowing of meaning D. loss of meaning 【答案】B 【解析】从any day就可以知道词义扩大。因此,本题的正确答案为B。 Ⅱ. Fill in the following blanks: 1. ______ is a relatively complex form of compounding in which a new word is formed by joining the initial part of one word and the final part of another word. For example, the English word smog is made from ______ and ______.(人大2006研) 【答案】Blending;smoke;fog 【解析】混成法是指一个词由两个单词混合而成,一般把第一个单词的开头部分和第二个单词的最后部分连接起来,或者是把两个单词的开头部分连接起来。 2. Back-formation refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter