高一英语必修4知识点总结
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Unit1 Women of achievement
by chance 碰巧,凑巧 mean doing 意味着 look down on/ upon 蔑视,
come across 偶遇,碰 见 by now 直到现在 gain doctor d'egsree 获得
carry on 继续,坚持 place an order be con sidered as
carry out 实行,执行
devote to (do ing) sth. concern on eself with
be dressed in devote oneself to
致 intend to do sth./ doing sth.
dress as be devoted to 专心 gain doctor's degree 获得
fight for . get rid of =rid of
J take turns to do sth 采取步
fight aga inst move off 离开,启 do research on
put to death 判死刑 lead a life
mean to do 打算做某 事 crowd in 涌上心头
in the shade of refer to 查阅, 参考,谈到 (其中, to
为 1.condition n. 状况 数) on no condition 决不
2.i nspire v. in spired adj. in spiri ng adj. in spirati on n.
3.i ntend v. inten tio n n.
4. con siderate adj. con sider v. consideration n 考虑, con sideri ng prep
5.deliver v. delivery n. 投递,交货
6.specialist n .专家,专 special adj. specialize vi.
attach importance/value to sth.
1. a + +and a half , one and a half+ , the number of +
:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.
注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语 , 谓语动词用复数形式 , 如:
One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。
2. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词 . 包括 police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通
The British police have only very limited powers.
(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词 . 包括 equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 1.worthwhile adj. 值得的 ,值得做的 It is worthwhile doing sth./ to do sth.
worth adj. worthy adj. be worth doing
可尊敬的 be worthy of sth/ being done be worthy to be done
2. attach sth to sth /附在某物上 attach oneself to be attached to
3. alternative adj. 替换的,可
alternative energy 替代能源
have no alternative but to do alternative ways 可供选择的方
as an alter native alternative to
alternative choice
preference 强调按自己喜欢的方式进行选择
4. run out 用完;耗尽 run after 追求;追赶 run at
5. free of charge=for free 免费 the charge for sth. 某
6. 表部分否定 run away 逃走 run into
charge sb + money 收取某
All not= Not all Every no t=Not every Both not=Not both 英语
(3)可作单数也可作复数的集体名词 .包括 audienee, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party,
team, public 等.女口 :
The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。
3. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物,作主语时,谓语动词用复数.如:
The injured were saved after the fire.
4. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few mon ths was she allowed to beg in her project. 她的母亲
头几个月来帮过她的忙;这才使她得以开始自己的计划。
(only位于句首并修饰状语,句子要发生部分倒装,将助动词或联系动词置于主语之前)
5. 一般将来时
一般将来时由助动词 shall (第一人称),will (第二、三人称)动词原形构成。美国英语则不管什么人称,
一律用will。
形式:
1. will / shall + 动词原形(否定句在 will/shall后加not)
2、 be going to+动词原形
用法:
(1) 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。
(2) 在一般将来时的句子中,有时有表示将来时间的状语,有时没有时间状语,这时要从意思上判断是
否指未来的动作或情况。例如:
(3) 在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中,一般使用助动词 shall,这时或是征求对方的意见,或是询问 一个情况
(4) be going to+ 动词原形
Will do 与 be going to do 的区别:
be going to与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事,但它们有如下几点区别:
1. be going to表示近期、将要发生的事情, will表示的将来的时间则较远一些,
2. be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情, will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
3. be going to含有 计划,准备"的意思,而 will则没有这个意思,
4. 在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用 be going to,而多用will,女口:
If any beasts come at you, I'll stay with you and help you
注意:be going to和will在含义和用法上稍有不同。 be going to往往表示事先经过考虑的打算; will多表示
意愿,决心。两者有时不能互换。
如:She is studying hard and is going to try for the exams.她正努力学习并尝试参加考试。 (is going to 不能用
will替换)
主将从现:时间状语从句的主句是一般将来时,那么从句常常用一般现在时。 英语
重点句型Units 2 Working the land
重点短语
since then从那时起 thanks to幸亏,由于 be satisfied with 对…感到满意 with the hope of 满怀希望.. in some way 在某种程度上
cause damage to对… 造成危害
build up增强,强大 no way肯定不,没门儿 lead to导致,造成(to为介词)
focus on集中(注意力)
in no time 立即; 马上
get around随便走走;传播;绕开
be limited to 有限
un der con struct ion 在修建中
one-way trip单向旅行 rush hour高峰期 traffic jam 交通堵塞
get stuck被困住 switch off 关掉 a
list of 一列;一份 what's more加之,而且 have a good view of 有一个好的视角
1.impress sth on sb 使某人铭记 = impress sb with sth sth impress sb 某物给某人留下影响 sb be impressed by impress sth
on sb 使某人铭记 = impress sb with sth sth is impressed on one's mind 某事被印在脑海里
have/leave/make/ a …impression on sb 给某人留下 …的印象
2..react to…对…产生反应react with sth.与某物起(化学)反应
3•动词-ing形式作主语时,为了保持句子平衡,可以用 it作形式主语。常用的结构:
1. It is + no use / no good / useless etc.+ v-ing
2. It is + nice / good / interesting / a waste of … etc. + v-ing 例如: It is no use crying over spilt milk.
重点语法
二、 动词 -ing 形式作宾语
• 动词 -ing 形式既可作动词的宾语,又可作介词的宾语。
1. 以下动词或短语只接动词 -ing 形式作宾语:
admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, keep, mind, miss, suggest 等动词 ; can't stand, give up, feel like,
keep on, think of, set about, dream of 等短语。
2. 在下列短语中, to 是介词,后面应用动词 -ing 形式作宾语:
be / get used to, look forward to, devote … to, pay attention to, object to 等。
3. 下列动词或短语既可以跟动词 -ing 形式作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别:
• like, love, prefer 如表示经常性的行为后接动词 -ing 形式;如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式, 但要注意: 如果 like,
love, prefer 前有 would ,后面则接动词不定式。如: Would you like to go shopping with me?
• 下列几组词接动词 -ing 形式作宾语和不定式作宾语含义不同: Forget/remember /mean/regret
can' t help doing 禁不住做; can' t help (to) do 不能帮忙做。
• 在 allow, permit, advise , forbid 等动词后直接跟动词 -ing 形式作宾语, 如果这些词后面有名词或代词作宾 语,其后要用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 allow sb to do 如:
We don't allow smoking in the classroom.
We don't allow students to smoke.
• 动词 need, require, want 作“需要”解时,其后用动词 -ing 的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语,这 时动词 -ing 的主动形式表被动意义。如:
Your coat wants washing. = Your coat wants to be washed.
三、 动词 -ing 的复合结构
动词-ing的复合结构即:物主代词或名词所有格 (作宾语时也可以用代词宾格或名词普通格 )+动词-ing。
如: Lucy's turning up surprised everyone present.
Would you mind my / me using your mobile phone?
四、 动词 -ing 的时态、语态以及否定形式动词 -ing 有一般式 (doing) 和完成式 (having done) 两种时态,一
般式的被动语态是 being done,完成式的被动语态是 having been done。动词-ing的完成式所表示的动作发
生在谓语动词的动作之前。
动词-ing的否定形式是在doing之前加not。例如:
I'm sorry for not having told you the news earlier.
Unit 3 A taste of English humour 重点短语
break into 闯入,进入 brighten the lives of 照亮某人的
up to now 直到现在 生活道路 feel/be content with 对…满足
badly off 穷的,缺少的