钢材的专业术语

建筑钢结构工程英汉词汇建筑钢结构工程英汉词汇钢结构工程是一种现代化的建筑结构体系，在城市中得到了广泛的应用。

它的特点是优异的强度、稳定性和适应性。

在钢结构工程中，有很多专业术语，在这里我们将介绍一些比较常用的词汇，以便大家更好地了解该领域的专业知识。

1. Anchor Bolt 锚固螺栓Anchor Bolt是一种固定钢结构的零件，通常由一根螺栓和一个锚具组成。

锚具通常都由一种带压弹簧的钢制零件组成，其作用是在连接螺栓和基础构件时保持螺栓在线性状态下的张力。

2. Column 柱柱，又称立柱，是钢结构中起支撑作用的关键构件。

它通常是一个较长的空心或实心柱体，具有承受垂直向载荷的能力，并向四个方向传递力量。

柱子的直径、厚度和长度等参数都是根据设计要求来确定的。

3. Girder 梁梁通常被用来用于承受大型水平荷载和跨度较大的结构。

它由一个或多个钢制梁组成，而这些梁则通过铆接或焊接等方式连接在一起。

在钢结构设计中，梁的刚度、承载力和形状等参数需要根据实际工程要求进行确定。

4. Truss 桁架桁架是由若干个单元桁架组成的结构，可以实现较大跨度和较大荷载的承载。

桁架的形态和结构通常是根据所处环境和功能要求分为不同形式的，例如平面、斜面和凹面等。

5. Bracing 支撑支撑通常用于钢结构中承受横向荷载和稳定结构。

支撑的形式有很多种，包括斜撑、竖撑和水平支撑等。

这些支撑构件的作用是在结构中加强刚度，同时也能在地震、风、雪等自然灾害中保持结构的稳定性。

6. Welding 焊接钢结构中使用的连接方式有很多，其中焊接是最常见的一种方式。

焊接方法主要包括点焊、角焊和压力焊等。

在进行焊接时，操作人员需要对钢材和焊接方法熟悉，以确保焊接合格。

7. Bolting 螺栓连接螺栓连接是另一种常用的钢结构连接方式。

它强度高，而且能够达到模块化工程所需精度，在许多大型钢结构工程中得到了广泛应用。

8. Steel Design 钢材设计钢材设计是钢结构工程中不可缺少的环节。

一级钢二级钢符号随着工业发展的进步和对材料性能的要求越来越高，钢材作为重要的结构材料之一，也在不断地进行优化和分类。

一级钢和二级钢便是在钢材分类中常见的术语。

这两个术语在工业和建筑行业中广泛使用，用于标识钢材的质量和性能等级。

下面将详细介绍一级钢和二级钢的具体含义和符号。

一级钢是指质量最好、性能最优的钢材。

它具有较高的强度、耐腐蚀性和耐磨损性等优点，适用于高强度和高要求环境下的使用。

一级钢常见的符号为"G1"或"1"。

这些符号通常会标注在钢材的外包装上，以便用户能够迅速辨别和选择合适的钢材等级。

一级钢的广泛应用领域包括建筑结构、桥梁工程、船舶制造以及机械制造等领域。

二级钢是指性能次于一级钢的钢材，其强度和耐腐蚀性等性能相对较低。

二级钢通常适用于一些要求不那么严格的场合，例如一般建筑物、家具制造和一些非结构性零部件等。

二级钢的符号常见的是"G2"或"2"。

与一级钢相比，二级钢的生产成本相对较低，因此在一些低要求的领域有更广泛的应用。

在实际生产和使用中，一级钢和二级钢的选择需要根据具体的需求和设计要求而定。

对于一些承受重负荷或者需求高强度的重要结构，如大型桥梁或高层建筑，通常需要采用一级钢。

而对于一些一般性的建筑物或家具制造等，使用二级钢即可满足要求，并且还能降低成本。

总而言之，一级钢和二级钢是钢材分类中常见的术语，用于标识钢材的质量和性能等级。

一级钢通常具备较高的强度和耐蚀性等性能，广泛应用于高强度和高要求环境下。

而二级钢则是性能次于一级钢的材料，适用于低要求的领域。

选择一级钢还是二级钢需要根据具体的使用需求和设计要求来确定。

这两类钢材的符号分别为"G1"或"1"以及"G2"或"2"，用于方便用户进行区分和选择。

水工金属结构术语一、导言水工金属结构是指在水工工程中使用的金属材料构建的结构体系，如水闸、船闸、堤坝等。

在水工金属结构的设计和施工中，有许多专业术语，本文将对其中一些常用术语进行介绍和解释。

二、术语解释1. 水工金属结构：指使用金属材料构建的水工工程结构，如水闸、船闸、堤坝等。

2. 钢梁：水工金属结构中常用的构件之一，通常由钢材制成，用于承受水压力和荷载，具有较高的强度和稳定性。

3. 钢柱：水工金属结构中常用的立柱状构件，通常由钢材制成，用于支撑和稳定结构，承受垂直荷载。

4. 钢板：水工金属结构中常用的板状构件，通常由钢材制成，用于拼接和覆盖结构，以增强强度和刚度。

5. 螺栓：水工金属结构中常用的连接件，通常由高强度钢材制成，用于连接钢构件，具有较高的抗剪和抗拉强度。

6. 焊缝：水工金属结构中常用的连接方式之一，通过焊接钢构件实现连接，具有较高的强度和刚度。

7. 膨胀节：水工金属结构中常用的补偿装置，用于吸收由于温度变化或结构变形而产生的应力和变形，保证结构的稳定性。

8. 金属防腐：水工金属结构中常用的表面处理方式，通过给金属表面涂覆或浸渍防腐材料，以保护金属免受腐蚀和氧化。

9. 钢结构设计规范：水工金属结构设计的依据，包括相关的国家标准和行业规范，规定了结构设计的要求、计算方法和安全性要求。

10. 钢结构施工规范：水工金属结构施工的依据，包括相关的国家标准和行业规范，规定了施工过程中的操作要求、质量控制和安全措施。

11. 钢结构检验规范：水工金属结构检验的依据，包括相关的国家标准和行业规范，规定了结构检验的方法、标准和验收要求。

三、结论水工金属结构是水工工程中常用的结构形式之一，其中涉及的术语众多。

通过本文对一些常用术语的解释，可以帮助读者更好地理解和应用这些术语，提高水工金属结构设计和施工的效率和质量。

当然，在实际工程中，还需要根据具体情况和要求，综合考虑各种因素，进行合理设计和施工，以保证水工金属结构的稳定性和安全性。

钢材专业术语------ADDITIONS:Materials, typically alloy elements, added to molten steel to produce the chemical specifications for the desired steel grade.ALLOY:A substance that has metallic properties and is comprised of two or more chemical elements of which at least one is a metal.ALLOY STEEL:Steel containing one or more alloying element. Steel is classified as alloy when the maximum content of alloying elements exceeds one or more of the following: manganese 1.65%, silicon 0.60%, copper 0.60%.ALLOYING ELEMENTS:Chemical elements added for improving the properties of the finished products. Some alloying elements are nickel, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, and silicon.ANNEALING:A process involving heating and cooling, usually applied to induce softening of steel. The term also refers to treatments intended to alter mechanical or physical properties, produce a definite microstructure or remove gasses.ARGON SHROUD:A procedure using argon gas to shield molten steel from oxygen as it is teemed from the ladle.ARGON STIRRING:An inert gas introduced through a nozzle to stir molten steel to promote chemical and temperature homogenization and float out inclusions.AUSTENITE:High-temperature solid form of steel with face-centered cubic crystal structure.-----BILLET:A semi-finished piece of steel that results from rolling an ingot or a bloom. It may be square but is never more than twice as wide as thick. Its cross-sectional area is usually not more than 36 square inches.BLOOM:A semi finished piece of steel resulting from the rolling or forging of an ingot. A bloom is square or not more than twice as wide as thick and usually not less than 36 square inches in cross-sectional area.BLOOM SHEAR:A shear used to cut a rolled ingot into shorter bloom lengths or to cut off the ends of a bloom.BLOWHOLE:An internal cavity in steel produced by gases during the solidification of the metal.BOTTOM POURING:The process of pouring ingots using a refractory runner system to fill them from the bottom of the ingot molds.BREAKOUT:Liquid steel flowing through the shell of a ladle or EAF.BRINNEL HARDNESS:A hardness test commonly used for soft steel and metals which measures diameter of an indentation made by a steel ball under a given load.BUTT:An unfinished or incomplete ingot.-----CARBIDE:A compound of iron (or other element) and carbon in steel, forming a very hard, nonmetallic substance (Fe3C). Fe3C is also called cementite.CASTING:Pouring molten metal into a mold, or the metal object (i.e., ingot) produced by such pouring.CASTING POWDER:A powder applied to the inside of a mold before teeming to prevent the metal from sticking to the mold.CHARGE:To load a furnace with scrap and flux prior to melting, or to load a soaking pit with ingots for reheating.CHEMISTRY:The chemical constituents of a heat of steel.COLD WORKING:Rolling or drawing semi-finished steel products to provide higher physical properties or better surfaces than can be produced by hot-working.CONTINUOUS CASTER:A machine used to continuously produce blooms from molten steel with no interruptions or intermediate operations.CREEP:Failure of a metal caused by gradual elongation due to constant stress.CRYSTAL:Physically uniform solids composed of atoms bonded together in a definite geometrical pattern or structure.CRITICAL TEMPERATURE:The temperature at which a steel transforms one crystal structure into another because of atom rearrangement. CONTINUOUS THERMAL TREATMENT FACILITY (CTTF):Facility at Timken's Gambrinus Steel Plant that includes austenitizing and tempering furnaces, straightener, carbide saw, cooling beds, and transfer tables that are used for heat treatment of steel.-----D back to top-----DECARBURIZATION:Loss of carbon at the steel surface caused by poor atmosphere control.DEGASSING:Lowering the hydrogen and oxygen content of the steel by placing the molten steel in a vacuum.DENDRITES:Crystals that form in a tree-like pattern during solidification.DEOXIDIZE:Removal of oxygen from steel.DIFFUSION:Movement of atoms in solids. Heat provides the energy for atom movement.DRAW:To empty a soaking pit one ingot at a time to feed rolling operations (FSP), or to pull steel (usually cold) through a die to change its dimensions and mechanical properties.DUCTILITY:Ability to undergo permanent changes of shape without rupturing.-----E back to top-----ELASTIC DEFORMATION:Temporary distortion of a material under the action of applied stresses.ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE (EAF):A refractory-lined steel vessel used to melt steel. An electric arc generates the heat.ELECTRODE:A carbon (graphite) rod that carries electricity to melt the scrap in an EAF.ENDOTHERMIC:A chemical change in which there is absorption of heat.ETCH:A steel sample treated with acid to reveal its microstructure; used to visually check conditions such as porosity, large inclusions, or other nonconformities.EXOTHERMIC:A chemical change in which there is liberation of heat.-----F back to top-----FATIGUE:Failure of metal due to repeated cyclic stressing.FETTLE:To prepare a furnace for charging and melting by repairing eroded areas of the refractory.FLASH STICKER:An ingot that will not separate from the mold because of leakage thatoccurred between the mold and the mold stool.FLUX:A slag-making ingredient or the increased fluidity of slag.FORGING:Forming hot metal in the desired shape by means of hammering or pressing.FREEZE:Solidify molten steel as it cools from the liquid to solid state.-----G back to top-----GRADE:Classification of steel based on carbon content or mechanical properties.GRAIN:Orderly arrangement of atoms or crystal structure. Individual crystal of a microstructure.GRINDING:Method of conditioning steel by removing surface flaws using a power-driven grinding wheel. -----H back to top-----HARDENABILITY:The depth and distribution of hardness below the surface of steel.HARDENING:The process of increasing the hardness of steel through controlled heating and cooling.HARDNESS:Resistance to indentation.HEAT:An individual batch of metal as it is treated in a furnace.HEAT TREATMENT:A combination of heating and cooling operations applied to a metal or alloy to obtain desired microstructure conditions or properties.HEEL:Molten steel left in the furnace after tapping.HOT TOP:An insulated reservoir on top of an ingot mold that retains heat and holds excess molten metal that is drawn into the ingot as it shrinks.HOT TOP COMPOUND:Insulating material placed on top of the molten metal after the mold is filled.HOT WORKING:Plastic deformation of metal at specific temperature and rate to prevent strain hardening from occurring.-----I back to top-----IMMERSION SAMPLE:Sample taken directly from the molten steel for chemical analysis.IMPACT TEST:A test to determine energy absorption obtained by fracturing a test bar at high velocity.INCLUSION:Particles of nonmetallic impurities that are mechanically held in steel during solidification, usually oxides, sulphides, and silicates.INGOT:Steel, formerly in a molten state, transferred to an ingot mold to solidify.INGOT MOLD:A form into which molten steel is poured to solidify.IRON:A pure metal that serves as the basis for steel, cast iron and stainless steel. Iron is relatively weak and soft when in its pure form.-----J back to top-----JOMINY TEST:Hardenability test usually performed on alloy steels.-----K back to top-----KILLED STEEL:Steel that is deoxidized with a strong deoxidizing agent, such as silicon or aluminum. Reducing the oxygen content minimizes chemical reaction between carbon and oxygen during solidification.-----L back to top-----LADLE:A vessel for receiving and handling liquid steel. It is constructed of a refractory-lined steel shell.LADLE REFINING SYSTEM (LRS):System where alloys are added to meet exact chemistries, gases are removed by vacuum, and argon bubbles stir the molten mixture to remove impurities and mix the alloying elements. Arc heating maintains steel temperature.LOW-ALLOY STEEL:Steel containing up to 5% alloying elements other than carbon.-----M back to top-----MAKEUP:Relining ladles or furnace with refractories.MARTENSITE:Room temperature structure of steel formed as a result of a rapid quench from the austenitic condition. Hard, strong, and brittle structure.MECHANICAL PROPERTIES:Those properties of a material that reveal the elastic and inelastic reaction when force is applied or that improve the relationship between stress and strain.MELT DOWN:The process in which steel is transferred from the solid state into the liquid state by introducing electrical power to the scrap in the electric furnace.MICROSTRUCTURE:Microscopic structure of steel. Under a microscope, certain elements of the solidified metal are visible (crystal structure).MODULUS OF ELASTICITY:A measurement of the stress-per-unit strain, an indication of the resistance of the steel to deformation within its elastic limit.MOLD:An iron-casting container used to hold and cool molten metal as it solidifies.MOLD CLUSTER:A series of 6 or 8 molds positioned in a circular arrangement interconnected by runners.MOLD STOOL:Metal plate used to support each mold on the stool plate.-----O back to top-----ORE:A mineral from which the metal can be extracted.OXIDATION:Process in which carbon combines with oxygen to form oxides.-----P back to top-----PLAIN CARBON STEEL:Iron-carbon alloys with minimal alloy content.PLASTIC DEFORMATION:Permanent distortion of a material under the action of applied stresses.POWDER INJECTION:The injection of certain materials into the molten bath at the ladle refining station. The material is usually injected through a consumable lance using argon as a carrier gas.PULPIT:An enclosed operator's platform.-----Q back to top-----QUENCHING:The process of rapidly cooling the steel from a temperature above the critical temperature.QUENCH CRACKS:Cracks formed in a steel part during or after quenching that result from high-stress in cooling.-----R back to top-----REDUCTION:Process in which oxygen in removed from a compound.REFRACTORY:A substance which is infusible at the highest temperature it may be required to withstand in service; heat-resistant material.ROCKWELL HARDNESS:An indentation hardness test that measures hardness by determining, under load, the depth of penetration of an indenter, such as a steel ball. The hardness number is related to the depth of indentation; the greater the number, the harder the material.RUNNER:A channel through which molten metal or slag is passed from one receptacle to another.ROTARY/TEEMING NOZZLE:Mounted on the bottom of the ladle and used to regulate the flow of molten metal from the ladle into the trumpet. -----S back to top-----SCALE:An oxide of iron which forms on the surface of hot steel exposed to air or oxygen.SCARF:To remove surface defects from ingots, blooms, or billets, usually with a gas torch.SCRAP:Iron or steel discard, cuttings, or raw material which will be reprocessed.SEAM:Surface crack on a rolled product which has been closed but not by welding.SHEAR:A machine for cutting steel products.SIDE BOARDS:Sometimes referred to as hot top. Used to insulate top of mold to avoid large cavity in the top of the ingot as it cools.SKULL:A solid piece of steel left in a refractory-lined vessel after use that must be removed in order for the vessel to be reused; mainly used in reference to the ladle.SLAG:A crust formed on top of molten steel which primarily acts as an insulator. A medium through which chemical reactions occur across the boundary between the slag and the molten metal.SOAKING PIT:A furnace or pit for the heating of ingots to make their temperature uniform throughout in preparation for the rolling operation.SPALLING:Breaking away of refractory.SPIDER:A refractory brick that distributes the flow of molten metal from the trumpet toward the separate molds.STAND OF ROLLS:The simplest unit of a rolling mill, consisting of a set of rolls, the housings, bearings and guides required for the rolling of steel.STAINLESS STEEL:High-alloy steel, designed for resistance to corrosion and/or oxidation, containing high percentages of chromium (>4%). Some grades may also contain quantities of nickel.STEEL:Iron-based alloy containing carbon and other elements.STICKER:An ingot that has not separated from the mold.STOOL PLATE:Large metal plate that supports a circular cluster of ingot molds used in the bottom pouring operation. Steel flows down through a central fill tube (trumpet), through grooves (runners) in the bottom of the plate, and up into the ingots through holes in the bottom of the ingots.STRENGTH:Ability to resist applied forces.STRESS:The load per unit of area.SURFACE INSPECTION:The inspection of the surface of products for defects such as ingot cracks, scabs, seams, burned steel, laps, twist, guide marks, etc.-----T back to top-----TAPPING:The act of draining the molten metal from furnace to ladle.TEEMING:Pouring metal into ingot molds.TEMPERING:A process of reheating quench-hardened or normalized steel to a temperature below the transformation range, then cooling at any rate desired. Relieves internal stresses and imparts toughness and ductility.TENSILE STRENGTH:A measurement of the maximum load per unit of original area that a steel has prior to fracture.TOOL STEEL:Steel with high tempering temperatures with 1/2% to 1-1/2% carbon, significant (75%) alloy content and usually containing carbide stabilizers such as chromium, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium and tungsten.TOUGHNESS:Ability to absorb impact energy.TRUMPET:A funnel which serves to deliver molten metal to a junction of 6 or 8 runners.-----U back to top-----ULTRASOUND:High-frequency sound waves used to detect product defects.-----V back to top-----VACUUM ARC DEGASSING (VAD):(See ladle refining system.)-----Y back to top-----YIELD STRENGTH:A measurement of the amount of stress that gives the initial significant plastic, or permanent, deformation of the steel.。

钢结构设计专用术语1．1结构术语1 焊接钢结构welded steel structure以手工电弧焊接或自动、半自动埋弧焊接作为连接手段并用金属焊条、焊丝作为连接材料，将钢结构和部件连接成整体的结构。

2 铆接钢结构riveted steel structure以铆钉作为连接件将钢结构或部件连接成整体的结构。

3 螺栓连接钢结构bolted steel structure以普通螺栓作为连接件将钢结构或部件连接成整体的结构。

4 高强螺栓连接钢结构high-strength boltec steel structure以高强螺栓作为连接件将钢结构件或部件连接成整体的结构。

5 冷弯薄壁型钢结构cold-formed thin-walled steel structure以冷弯薄壁型钢作为主要材料所制成的结构。

6 钢管结构steel tubular structure以圆钢管或方钢管或矩形钢管作为主要材料制成的结构7 预应力钢结构prestressed steel structure通过张拉高强度钢丝束或钢绞线等手段或调整支座等方法，再钢结构构件或结构体系内建立预加应力的结构。

1.2 构件、部件术语1 实腹式钢柱solid-web steel column腹板为整体的竖向受压钢构件2格构式钢柱built-up steel column;laced or battened compression member由钢缀才将各分肢组成整体的竖向受压钢构件。

分双肢，三肢和四肢格构式钢柱3分离式钢柱separated steel column支承屋盖的竖向刚肢体和支承吊车梁的竖向刚肢体两者用水平钢板连接而成整体的双肢受压钢构件。

4 缀才(缀件) lacing and batten elements在格构式受压钢构件中用以连接肢体并承受剪力的腹杆。

分缀条和缀板4.1缀条lacing bar在格构式受压钢构件中用以连接肢体并承受剪力的条状腹杆缀板batten plate5 钢柱分肢steel column compnent组成格构式钢柱或分离式钢柱的竖向肢体6钢柱脚steel column base扩大钢柱底端与基础相连接的加强部分。

钢结构中GJ＼GL＼GZ＼XG＼SC＼YC＼ZC＼LT＼GZL＼GXL＼CG代表含义来源：郁向娟的日志GJ钢架GL钢架梁或GJL钢架梁GZ钢架柱或GJZ钢架柱XG系杆SC水平支撑YC隅撑ZC柱间支撑LT檩条TL托梁QL墙梁GLT刚性檩条WLT屋脊檩条GXG刚性系杆YXB压型金属板SQZ山墙柱XT斜拉条MZ门边柱ML门上梁T拉条CG撑杆HJ桁架FHB复合板YG：压杆或是圆管（从材料表中分别）XG：系杆LG：拉管QLG：墙拉管QCG：墙撑管GZL直拉条GXL斜拉条GJ30-1跨度为30m的门式刚架，编号为1号3钢结构设计图1）设计说明：设计依据、荷载资料、项目类别、工程概况、所用钢材牌号和质量等级（必要时提出物理、力学性能和化学成份要求）及连接件的型号、规格、焊缝质量等级、防腐及防火措施；2）基础平面及详图应表达钢柱与下部混凝土构件的连结构造详图；3）结构平面（包括各层楼面、屋面）布置图应注明定位关系、标高、构件（可布置单线绘制）的位置及编号、节点详图索引号等；必要时应绘制檩条、墙梁布置图和关键剖面图；空间网架应绘制上、下弦杆和关键剖面图；4）构件与节点详图a）简单的钢梁、柱可用统一详图和列表法表示，注明构年钢材牌号、尺寸、规格、加劲肋做法，连接节点详图，施工、安装要求。

b）格构式梁、柱、支撑应绘出平、剖面（必要时加立面）、与定位尺寸、总尺寸、分尺寸、分尺寸、注明单构件型号、规格，组装节点和其他构件连接详图。

4钢结构施工详图根据钢结构设计图编制组成结构构件的每个零件的放大图，标准细部尺寸、材质要求、加工精度、工艺流程要求、焊缝质量等级等，宜对零件进行编号；并考虑运输和安装能力确定构件的分段和拼装节点。

《常用用术语》钢结构:是由钢板、型钢、冷弯薄壁型钢等通过焊接或螺栓连接所组成的结构。

钢结构的特点:轻质高强；塑性、韧性好；各向同性，性能稳定；可焊性；不易渗漏；耐热但不耐火；耐腐蚀性差；制造简便，施工周期短。

三级钢和四级钢符号
钢材是一种广泛应用于建筑、制造和工程领域的重要材料。

在钢材的分类中，三级钢和四级钢是常见的术语，用于描述钢材的质量和强度。

三级钢是指具有相对较低强度和质量的钢材。

它通常用于一些不要求特别高强度的结构和构件，例如一般民用建筑中的梁柱和楼板等。

三级钢的符号由两个部分组成，第一个字母代表钢材的类型，通常为“Q”（表示普通碳素结构钢）或其他字母，第二个字母和数字表示材料的强度等级。

四级钢是相对于三级钢而言，具有更高强度和质量的钢材。

它通常用于要求更大荷载和承重能力的结构和构件，例如大型建筑物的主梁和桥梁等。

四级钢的符号也由两个部分组成，通常以“Q”字母开头，后面跟随着数字表示材料的强度等级。

在实际应用中，钢材的强度等级往往与所处环境和用途有关。

因此，在选择三级钢或四级钢时，需要根据具体的工程需求和设计要求来确定最合适的材料。

总而言之，三级钢和四级钢是用于描述钢材质量和强度的术语，用于区分不同用途和要求的结构和构件。

正确选择适合的钢材符号对于工程的安全和质量有着重要的影响。

1钢筋钢筋，是一种钢制的条状物，是建筑材料的一种。

例如在钢筋混凝土之中，用于支撑结构的骨架。

钢筋种类很多，通常按化学成分、生产工艺、轧制外形、供应形式、直径大小，以及在结构中的用途进行分类。

钢筋混凝土用钢筋是指钢筋混凝土配筋用的直条或盘条状钢材，其外形分为光圆钢筋和变形钢筋两种。

分类介绍钢筋种类很多，通常按化学成分、生产工艺、轧制外形、供应形式、直径大小，以及在结构中的用途进行分类：（一）按直径大小分钢丝（直径3~5mm）、细钢筋（直径6~10mm）、粗钢筋（直径大于22mm）。

（二）按力学性能分Ⅰ级钢筋（300/370级）；Ⅱ级钢筋（335/510级）；Ⅲ级钢筋（370/570）和Ⅳ级钢筋（540/835）（三）按生产工艺分热轧、冷轧、冷拉的钢筋，还有以Ⅳ级钢筋经热处理而成的热处理钢筋，强度比前者更高。

（四）按在结构中的作用分：受压钢筋、受拉钢筋、架立钢筋、分布钢筋、箍筋等配置在钢筋混凝土结构中的钢筋，按其作用可分为下列几种:1.受力筋——承受拉、压应力的钢筋。

2.箍筋——承受一部分斜拉应力，并固定受力筋的位置，多用于梁和柱内。

3.架立筋——用以固定梁内钢箍的位置，构成梁内的钢筋骨架。

4.分布筋——用于屋面板、楼板内，与板的受力筋垂直布置，将承受的重量均匀地传给受力筋，并固定受力筋的位置，以及抵抗热胀冷缩所引起的温度变形。

5.其它——因构件构造要求或施工安装需要而配置的构造筋。

如腰筋、预埋锚固筋、环等2箍筋箍筋是建筑物中用来箍扎保固的钢筋。

如：在门窗洞口梁施工中抽去多数箍筋，违背设计要求的做法是不能允许的。

用来满足斜截面抗剪强度，并联结受拉主钢筋和受压区混凝土使其共同工作，此外，用来固定主钢筋的位置而使梁内各种钢筋构成钢筋骨架的钢筋3.受力筋受力筋也叫主筋，是指在混凝土结构中，对受弯、压、拉等基本构件配置的主要用来承受由荷载引起的拉应力或者压应力的钢筋，其作用是使构件的承载力满足结构功能要求。

常用钢材知识大全|普通钢常识钢的分类第一讲，钢的分类第二讲，我国钢号表示的第三讲，第四讲常用钢材选择知识列表第5讲板材实用知识(1)第5讲板材实用知识(2)第5讲板材实用知识(3)第6讲型材实用知识(7)管道实用知识(8)不锈钢实用知识(9)钢的尺寸和重量(10)术语解释第一讲钢材分类1，黑色金属，钢和有色金属在介绍钢的分类之前，简要介绍黑色金属、钢和有色金属的基本概念1、黑色金属是指铁和铁的合金如钢铁、生铁、铁合金、铸铁等。

钢和生铁都是3、有色金属也称为有色金属，是指除黑色金属以外的金属和合金，如铜、锡、铅、锌、铝、黄铜、青铜、铝合金和轴承合金等。

此外，铬、镍、锰、钼、钴、钒、钨、钛等。

也用于工业。

这些金属主要用作合金添加剂，以改善金属的性能，其中包括钨、钛、钼等。

主要用于生产切削工具的硬质合金。

这些有色金属都被称为工业金属，此外还有贵金属:铂、金、银等。

和稀有金属，包括放射性铀、镭等。

二。

钢的分类钢是一种碳含量为0.04%-2.3%的铁碳合金为了保证其韧性和塑性，碳含量一般不超过1.7%除了铁和碳，钢的主要元素包括硅、锰、硫、磷等。

钢材有多种分类方法，主要方法如下:1 .根据质量分类，(1)普通钢(P≤0.045%，S≤0.050%) (2)优质钢(P，S ≤ 0.035%)，(3)优质钢(P≤0.035%，S≤0.030%) 2。

按化学成分分类的碳钢(1):低碳钢(碳≤0.25%)；中碳钢(c≤0.25 ~ 0.60%)；高碳钢(碳≤0.60%)(2)合金钢:a .低合金钢(总合金元素含量≤5%)；b .中合金钢(合金元素总含量> 5-10%)；高合金钢(总合金元素含量> 10%) 3，按成形方法分类:(1)锻钢；(2)铸钢；(3)热轧钢材；(4)冷拉钢4.沉积相结构分类(1)退火:亚共析钢(铁素体+珠光体)；b .共析钢(珠光体)；过共析钢(珠光体+渗碳体)；d .莱氏体钢(珠光体+渗碳体)(2)正火:珠光体钢；b .贝氏体钢；c .马氏体钢；d .奥氏体钢(3)无相变或部分相变5。