英语各种条件句中的虚拟语气

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条件句中的虚拟语气1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件,主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。

条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。

现在/ 将来从句谓语形式动词过去式(be 用were)(将来)Should/ were to + 动词原形主句谓语形式would /should / might / could + 动词原形过去从句谓语形式had + 动词过去分词主句谓语形式would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词If he came(come)here, he would tell usabout it.If I had seen(see)the film, I would have told you about it.2.当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可省略,而将were,should, had等词置于句首。

如:Should he agree to gothere, we would sendhim there. 要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。

Were she here, shewould agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。

Had he learnt aboutcomputers, we wouldhave hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话,我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了(from )。

wish 后宾语从句a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。

(事实:我根本比不上你)b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had + doneeg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。

(事实:那时还不知道)c、表示将来难以实现的愿望谓语动词:should/would(情态动词) + 动词原形eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。

(事实:很难再有这样的机会了)(注:if only引导的感叹句和as if/as though引导的状语从句也有相同用法)其它宾语从句中的虚拟语气一想要(desire) 宁愿(prefer) 坚持(insist)二命令(order. command)三建议(advise. suggest. propose/recommend)四要求(demand. require. request. ask)中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:"should + do"。

should可以省略。

eg:He suggested that we (should) take the teacher's advice.He insisted that we (should) take the teacher's advice.He demanded that we (should) take the teacher's advice.He ordered that we (should) take the teacher's advice.insist意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气;意为“坚持某种观点,某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。

eg:He insists he is a student.他坚持说他是个学生。

这个语句表示的是事实,因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。

suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气,意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。

eg:His face suggests that he is worried .他的表情暗含着他很担心。

这个句子本身是事实,因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。

表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity ,the shame ,no wonder等。

句型:It is.......that +主语从句,从句的谓语动词都要用should+原型或只用动词原型。

It is important that weshould do well in our lessons first. 我们先把功课学好很重要。

It is strange that heshould not come. 很奇怪,他竟没有来。

It is a pity that weshould not meet lastnight. 真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。

It worries me that we should be blamed for that. 我们竟要受责备真让人烦恼。

一般would rather, had rather等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故使用虚拟语气。

其虚拟语气的结构为:过去 had + done现在过去时(be 用were )将来过去时(be 用were ) (would rather将来情况用一般过去时)eg:I'd rather you had seen the film yesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。

I'd rather you were here now.我倒想你现在在这儿。

We'd rather you went here tomorrow.我们倒想你明天去那儿注:注意would rather,had rather,would sooner的细微差别,可以百度一下查查。

虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中,表示:“早该做某事了”时,定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + do(优先使用动词过去式),即从句用虚拟过去式。

It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.我该去学校接我的女儿了。

It is high time you should go to work.你早该上班了。

简单句中的虚拟语气(1)说话时,为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌,言语常使用虚拟语气。

其虚拟语气的结构形式常为:would / could / might / should +do。

eg:Would you mind me shutting the door?你介意我把门关起来吗?You should always learn this lesson by heart.你要把这个教训牢记于心。

I should agree with you.我本该同意你的观点。

(委婉的不同意)(2)表示“祝愿”时,常用may + 主语+ do。

eg:May you have a good journey!祝你一路顺风。

May your youth last for ever!祝你青春永驻。

(3)表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时,常用do。

eg:Long live the Communist Party of China.中国共产党万岁。

God bless us.上帝保佑。

(4)习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。

① 提出请求或邀请。

eg:Would you like to have a talk with us this evening?今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗?Could I use your bike now?我可以用一下你的单车吗?② 陈述自己的观点或看法。

eg:I should be glad to meet you.见到你我会很高兴。

I would try my best to help you.我会尽力帮助你。

③提出劝告或建议。

eg:You'd better ask your father first.你最好先问一问你的父亲。

You should make a full investigation of it first.你应该先全面调查一番。

④ 提出问题。

eg:Do you think he could get here on time你认为他能按时来吗?Do you expect he would tell us the truth?你期望他会告诉我们真相吗?⑤表示对过去情况的责备时,常用虚拟语气。

其虚拟语气的结构为:情态动词 + have done。

eg:You should have got here earlier. 你早该到这里了。

You should have returned it to him. 你早该把它还给他了。

虚拟语气误区1.混合条件句的主从句时态不会灵活变化;2.省略if时,句子调整不正确;3.不会去找意思中的“应该”含义;4.陷在虚拟中出不来,把真实条件句当成虚拟条件句。

【典型例题】1) If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.A. would tellB. will tellC. have toldD. would have told解析:正确答案为A。

此题考查混合条件句。

从句表对过去的虚拟,主句表对现在的虚拟。

2)The volleyball match will be put off if it ___ .A.will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained解析:答案B。

真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时3)_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were IB. I wereC. Were ID. Was I解析:答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成were, should, had +主语的形式。

但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。

如我们可说Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.4). My suggestion is that she ________ more exercise, which will doa lot of good to her.A. takesB. must takeC. takeD. took解析:错选A。