华慧中国科学院考博英语词汇题型概述及考情分析
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XX年中科院考博英语根底词汇xx年中科院考博英语根底词汇中科院有900余人在重要国际科技组织、学术期刊担任重要职务。
下面是的中科院考博,希望能帮到大家!resist v. 抵抗, 耐得住, 压制 n. 保护膜furnish vt. 布置,提供,装备wrist n. 腕,腕关节rarity n. 稀薄,稀有, 珍品hardness n. 坚硬, 困难, 严厉batch n. 一次所烘的面包,一次所制之量,一组, 批, 分批 vi. 分批处理racket n. 球拍, 喧闹纷乱tin n. 锡,马口铁,罐 vt. 在...上镀锡sake n. 缘故, 利益, 好处poetry n. 诗歌segregate adj. 别离的, 被隔离的 v. 别离, 隔离, 分凝refreshment n. 恢复,精神爽快,提神之事物;点心,茶点infringement n. 违反(侵犯)invisible adj. 看不见的,无形的 n. 隐形人(或物品)melody n. 旋律,曲子,美的音乐,曲调pertain vi. 附属, 关于wake vt. 守灵,叫醒,醒来 vi. 醒,叫醒 n. 清醒,守护神节日,守灵,尾流,后果parrot n. 鹦鹉, 盲目重复或模仿他人行为的人 vt. 学舌, 盲目重复或模仿evade v. 躲避, 逃避, 躲避timetable n. 时间表, 时刻表,课程表signify v. 象徵, 预示cliff n. 悬崖, 峭壁hug n. 紧抱,拥抱 vt. 紧抱,固执,挨着, 停靠 vi. 紧抱, 紧紧靠着thick adj. 厚的,浓密(重)的,笨的 adv. 厚,浓,密 n. 密集处,最厚处heave n. 举,抛,起伏 v. 用力举起,抛出,凸起collar n. 衣领,项圈 vt. 抓住,为...戴上项圈escort n. 护送者, 护卫者, 护航舰 vt. 护卫, 护送,伴游humorous adj. 幽默的, 诙谐的panion n. 同伴, 同事, 成对物品之一, (船的)甲板间扶梯(或扶梯的`顶篷) vt. &vi. 陪伴diesel n. 柴油机,内燃机finite adj. 有限的cable n. 电缆,海底电报 vt. 打海底电报,把...拧成缆,用缆捆住 vi. 打海底电报toss n. 投掷, 震荡 v. 投掷, 摇荡, 辗转aent n. 重音,口音,强调 vt. 重读,强调jointly adv. 共同地,连带地singular adj. 个人的,单数的,独一的,唯一的,非凡的 n. 单数hover vi. 盘旋,翱翔,徘徊 n. 盘旋,翱翔,徘徊crimson n. 深红色 adj. 深红色的 v. 变为深红色, 脸红intensify vt. 增强(强化,加剧,加厚,增高银影密度) penny n. 便士,小钱,少量。
中科院考博英语培训资料阅读技巧阅读技巧主题句的位置•主题句出现的位置有以下四种情况:•1)段首主题句经常居于段首,以便读者浏览主题句就可掌握文章的概要。
这个位置适用于提供信息或解释观点的段落。
•2)段末用推理方法展开段落时,主题句往往位于句末。
•3)段中(有时为了使段落多样化,主题句也可以居于段中。
•4)隐含有时候,尤其在叙述性或描写性段落中,当所有的细节都围绕着一个显而易见的主题时主题句有时不出现。
各类题型解题思路⏹1.细节事实题:⑴标志:题干中明确提到的时间、地点、人物等细节信息⑵做题的关键在于:返回原文细节事实题⏹迷惑人的手段:①单词替换②颠倒因果③扩大范围④常识判断常见试题⏹•1 What do we know about ...?⏹•2 How many (much)...in this article?⏹•3 The real cause is .⏹•4 According to the author ,the techniques can beused to .⏹•5 The author states that .⏹•6 The experiment shows that .⏹•7 Mr. X expects (hopes ,wishes )——.2.例证题⑴ 标志:case example illustration demonstration exempl ify demonstrate illustrate⑵ 做题的关键在于:是否能找到例子支持的论点,而不在于能否看懂例子⏹划清“事实”与“观点”之间的界限3.词汇题常见试题(The phrase “…”in the context means…. The word “…” is closest in meaning to_____. As the context shows, a placebo is ________.)⑴ 标志:在题干中明确指出原文中某处的单词或词组,要求辨别其意思⑵ 做题的关键在于:该单词本身并不重要,重要的是该单词的上下文针对性解释内在逻辑关系外部相关因素构词法4.句子理解题(长句理解)⏹⑴标志:在题干中明确指出原文中的一句话,要求理解其意思⑵做题的关键在于:返回原文对出题的句子进行语法解析,要精确理解其涵义6.推理题⏹常见试题:What is the author’s intention in this passage? What kind of people support this topic? The primary purpose of this passage is to________. This text has been written to _______. It can be inferred from the text that if…_____. The passage suggests that_______. What is implied in the last sentence of paragraph One? You can feel that the author’s attitude towards the …is one of_______.⏹•1. The passage is intended to _______.⏹•2. The passage implies that ________.⏹•3. It can be inferred from the pass age that _______. .⏹•4. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.⏹•5. We can conclude (infer, see) from the article that _____.⏹•6. The writer implies that _________.⏹•7. The author suggests that _________.⏹•8. An inference which may (not) b e made from the article is ________.⏹•9. Which of the following can (not) be inferred from the article?⏹•10. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?推理题⏹⑴ 标志:关键词:infer imply⑵ 整体思路:①绝大多数推理题是原文意思的同义表达,正确答案与原文之间没有任何推理关系②做题时可以寻找四个选项中三错一对的关系7.作者态度题8.判断题标志:①which of the following statement is not true/correct/mentioned?②All of the following statements are true /correct/mentioned except?⑵整体思路:①首先应判断是三错一对还是三对一错②每一个选项都应力争返回原文,不能通过印象进行判断⑶特别关注:①转折处②最高级③感情色彩的词(褒贬含义)9.主旨题:理解主旨要义,主要测试考生对短文整体理解概括的能力。
中国科学院考博英语考试内容及项目中国科学院博士研究生英语入学考试是一种水平考试,命题不以任何一种研究生英语教材为主要命题依据。
考试材料主要来自于英、美主要报纸杂志及原版书籍。
题材主要涉及政治、经济、社会、文化和科普等领域的一般性知识;体裁有叙事、议论、描述、应用文等。
词汇一般控制在新大纲的8092个词之内。
考试采取主客观题相结合的方式:主观题占总分的35%,客观题占65%。
测试试卷包括试卷一和试卷二两部分。
试卷一测试词语用法、完形填空和阅读理解,试卷二测试书面表达。
全卷共计100分,考试时间180分钟。
为了帮助考生了解命题要点、测试要求和评分标准,下面分别就每一具体项目作一简单介绍。
一、词汇词汇部分占全卷总成绩的10%,总计20题,每题0.5分。
这部分试题的目的是检测考生是否理解性掌握了一定量的词汇、短语和惯用法。
词汇题的测试重点是动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配,常用词不同词性、不同词义的用法以及近义词、形近词的区别。
词和词组的测试范围基本以2002年《中国科学院研究生院博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲》词汇表为参照依据(此大纲已由北京理工大学出版社出版)。
试题题型为选择填空。
每题为一个留有空白的英文句子,要求考生从所给的四个选项中,根据语法、句义找出最合适的词或词组填入空内。
如:Communicating orally involves more than reading Or talking:gesture,posture,movements may all be _______ to it. A.intrinsic B.coherent C.appealing D.submissive二、完形填空完形填空部分占全卷总成绩的15%,总计15题,每题1分。
完形填空题测试形式是在一篇约250词的短文中留有15个空白,每个空白为一题。
要求考生在全面理解文章的基础上,从提供的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
真题词汇AAnticipation 希望;预感;先发制人;预支Architect 建筑师建筑工程师建设师Aesthetic 审美美学的美的Aspect 方面;方向;形势;外貌Attach 附加;附属;伴随Ad equate 足够的充足适当Allusion 暗示;提及Assumption 假设假定设想Anti cipation 预期预料Authorities 当局,官方Accountabl e 应负责的负有责任的可以解释的On account of 由于因为Count for 有价值重要的Go counter to 违反,与。
背道而驰Adjustment 适应Assignment 作业任务Assimilation 消化吸收同化Accent 口音Alter 改变更改All ergic 过敏Approve of 赞成BBear on 涉及关于对…施加压力;与…有关;对…有影响;瞄准Bear out 证明证实支持Be boiled d own to 被归结为Obsession with 着迷Observation 观察Obsol ete 废弃废除Obscene 淫秽的;猥亵的;可憎的Obvious 明显的Oblique 倾斜不正Oblige 被迫做裁判Arbitrate 进行仲裁Intervening 干涉斡旋Referee 担任裁判Mediate 调停调节斡旋居中Media 传媒Coordinate 协调宣传Declare 断言宣布Proclaim 宣布赞扬称颂Publicity 宣传公开Advertise 通知;为…做广告;使突出Propagandize 宣传;对…进行宣传Claim 要求声称索取夺走Acclaim 欢呼喝彩表扬Assert 断言声称Dissemination 散播传播传染病毒Disseminate 宣传传播散布Acclaim 称赞为。
喝彩Admonish 告诫劝告Ad dress 演说发言解决Assert 律师陈述维护坚持断言主张声称Aroused 唤醒激发致以问候称赞Salute 致意问候称赞Approve of 赞成说明Interpretation 解释说明术语Glossary 术语(特殊用语)表;词汇表;专业词典Jargon 行话专门术语术语Dialect 方言地方话Idiom 成语习语沉迷Indulgence 沉溺沉迷放纵Obsessed with 入迷的一门心思Addicted 上瘾INInsistent 坚持不懈的Instant 立即紧急Instantly 马上Indeterminate 不确定的模糊的含糊的Inverse 相反的颠倒的Insoluble 不能解决的不能解释的Intensive 加强的集中精神的Intact 完整的Interact 互动Interaction 交互作用Intricate 复杂的难以理解的Intriguing迷人的引起兴趣的好奇心的Intrinsic 固有的内在的本质的Instinctive 本能的直觉的;天生的Intuitive adj. 直觉的;凭直觉获知的Intricate 错中复杂的Intangible 无形的Ingenious 有独创性的机灵的,精制的;心灵手巧的Intervening 干涉斡旋+inInterfere 干涉干预+withInterrupt 打扰打断Interpretation 解释说明Indifferent 冷漠的Integral 构成整体所必需的,应有的Integrate 使结合使一体化整合Interior 内部的Inevitable 不可避免的Inclusion 包括Incentive 动机刺激诱因鼓励Inclien 倾斜倾向Initiative 主动权;首创精神adj. 主动的;自发的;起始的Initiatives 积极性Initially 最初首先开头Informal 非正式的;不拘礼节的;通俗的;日常使用Innovation 创新革新Insolubl e 不能解决的Insurance against 以防什么的保险Indulgence 沉溺沉迷放纵In 。
【中科院考博英语2023年4月】1. 文章概述中科院考博英语作为考生考取中科院硕士和博士学位的必修科目之一,是一项重要的考试内容。
2023年4月份的考博英语考试将围绕着学术英语能力进行测验,考察考生在阅读、写作、听力和口语等方面的综合能力。
本文将从阅读、写作、听力和口语四个方面对2023年4月份中科院考博英语进行详细分析。
2. 阅读部分2.1 阅读材料2023年4月份中科院考博英语阅读部分的材料将涉及科技、环境、社会等多个领域的专业文献,考生需要在规定的时间内对这些文献进行阅读和理解。
2.2 阅读能力要求考生需要具备仔细阅读和快速理解文献的能力,对文中的关键信息和观点进行判断和分析。
考生还需要具备批判性思维,对文中的观点和论证进行评价和推理。
3. 写作部分3.1 写作题型2023年4月份中科院考博英语写作部分将涵盖议论文和科技报告两种题型。
考生需要根据提供的题目和材料进行逻辑思考,构建清晰的逻辑结构,并用准确、丰富的词汇和句型表达自己的观点。
3.2 写作能力要求考生需要具备清晰的逻辑思维能力和表达能力,写作需要具有较高的规范性和学术性。
考生需要具备科技文献的写作水平,能够准确描述实验方法和结果,提出科学性的观点和建议。
4. 听力部分4.1 听力材料2023年4月份中科院考博英语听力部分将涉及科技、医学、环境等多个领域的专业讲座和学术讨论,考生需要在规定时间内理解和评述这些内容。
4.2 听力能力要求考生需要具备较高的听力理解能力,能够抓住讲座和讨论中的核心观点和信息,理解并带有一定反应能力。
5. 口语部分5.1 口语题型2023年4月份中科院考博英语口语部分将采用独白和对话两种形式,考生需要在规定时间内对所听到的内容进行回答和评述。
5.2 口语能力要求考生需要具备流利的口语表达能力和准确的语音语调,对所听到的内容进行准确理解并做出适当的回答。
6. 总结与建议6.1 考生备考建议考生在备考中应注重积累科技、医学、环境等多个领域的英语词汇和表达方式,提高听力理解和口语回答的能力。
中国科学院考博英语翻译题型概述及考情分析英译汉短文内容大体上涉及当前人们普遍关注的社会生活、政治、经济、历史、文化、科普等方面的一般常识或社会、自然科学与技术常识的题材,题材多为议论文。
中国科学院考博英语的翻译题型为英译汉,没有汉译英。
英译汉翻译占分15分。
给出一段400-500字左右的短文,要求考生将短文中划线的部分翻译成中文,通常有5段划线文字,每段划线部分占3分,共15分。
这部分主要测试考生是否能从语篇的角度正确理解作者要表达的意思,并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出来。
针对英译汉,翻译中要注意以下几点:1.对词组及固定搭配的翻译例如2010题…or, worse, push fragile teens over the edge, as in the recent case of a Missouri girl driven to suicide by onlinePut …over the edge. 把…逼上绝路。
2.对上下文逻辑关系的把握例如2010题2) But what began as fun and games--and now has sub-companies on seven college campuses,Begin as…and now…4.注意对语法的分析例2010年题There are countless Web sites where people can post nasty complaints about ex-lovers and rude customers or, worse, push fragile teens over the edge, as in the recent case of a Missouri girl driven to suicide by online主要是针对长难句的语法分析。
Where引导的状语从句,as引导的方式状语从句等5.注意指代与省略句的翻译例如2009年题 is a rapidly growing gossip site that solicits content with the promise of anonymity. But what began as fun and gamesWhat 是 的指代和省略。
考博词汇常考分析在考博的征程中,词汇的掌握无疑是至关重要的一环。
它不仅是构建语言理解和表达能力的基石,也是在考试中取得优异成绩的关键因素之一。
接下来,让我们深入探讨一下考博词汇常考的特点和应对策略。
首先,考博词汇的难度相对较高。
与普通的英语考试相比,考博词汇更侧重于学术领域和专业知识相关的词汇。
这意味着考生需要掌握大量的专业性术语、复杂的动词短语以及抽象的名词。
例如,在医学领域,可能会涉及到“pathogenesis”(发病机制)、“prognosis”(预后)等词汇;在经济学中,“macroeconomics”(宏观经济学)、“fiscal policy”(财政政策)等词汇则较为常见。
其次,考博词汇的考查形式多样。
除了常见的词汇选择题,还会在阅读理解、翻译、写作等题型中对词汇进行综合考查。
在阅读理解中,准确理解关键词汇的含义对于把握文章主旨和细节至关重要;在翻译题中,能否准确地将中文词汇翻译成对应的英文,或者将英文词汇翻译成恰当的中文,直接影响翻译的质量;而在写作中,丰富而准确的词汇运用能够提升文章的表达水平和得分。
再者,考博词汇的来源广泛。
它不仅涵盖了常见的英语教材和参考书籍,还包括国内外权威的学术期刊、论文以及专业领域的经典著作。
这就要求考生具备广泛的阅读和学习能力,不断积累和更新自己的词汇库。
那么,面对如此具有挑战性的考博词汇,我们应该如何进行有效的准备呢?第一,制定科学合理的学习计划。
将词汇学习纳入日常的学习安排中,每天分配一定的时间专门用于词汇的记忆和复习。
可以根据自己的实际情况,将词汇分为不同的单元,逐步攻克。
第二,注重词汇的语境学习。
单纯地死记硬背词汇往往效果不佳,容易遗忘。
结合例句、文章来学习词汇,能够更好地理解其用法和含义。
例如,通过阅读一篇关于生物学的英文文章,来学习其中出现的专业词汇,这样不仅记住了词汇,还了解了其在特定领域的应用。
第三,运用多种学习方法。
可以采用词根词缀记忆法、联想记忆法、分类记忆法等。
清华大学考博英语完形填空题型概述及考情分析清华大学考博英语完形填空题需要考生综合考虑短文的内容安排、结构组织、内在逻辑及语言特色,主要测试词汇辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配、语法结构、逻辑推理和语篇理解等方面的知识和能力。
考生应具有借助词汇、句法及上下文线索对语言进行综合分析和应用的能力。
考点和词汇题类似,只是形式不一样,不仅要求牢固掌握词汇,还要求有良好的整体把握能力。
考博英语的完形填空题需要跳过空格阅读文章,通过自己的语感和英语知识,把握通篇段落和每个句子,从而选出空格处所缺的词汇,这也需要很好的阅读能力。
清华大学考博英语的完形填空题型给出一篇空白处较多的短文,通常有250词左右,要求考生就所给篇章中空白处所需的词或短语分别从四个选项中选出最佳答案,共20个选择题,每道题0.5分,共10分,每道题提供4个选项。
做清华大学考博英语完形填空除了要把握上下文的意思之外,还要能够对近义词,形近词以及词组进行辨析。
从清华考博历年的考题中看,完形填空的题型主要是动词,形容词,名词的词义辨析。
清华大学考博英语完形填空的试题特点不同于词汇与结构的考查。
完形填空侧重测试考生的阅读理解能力、逻辑推理判断能力和综合运用语言等方面的能力。
学生不仅要熟练掌握语法结构知识、词语的用法特点和搭配习惯,还必须培养较强的分析判断能力,能从语篇理解的角度出发,联系上下文,注意段落与段落、句子与句子之间的内在逻辑关系,既要做到语言形式和结构完整,还要做到意义完整,才能找到正确答案。
在平时的学习和训练过程中首先要学会运用语篇知识,利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取文章的信息。
因为通常完形填空的第一句话甚至前几句话都是完整的,这就提供了非常重要的信息,而且这里往往包含主题句,或为理解文章的大意和主要内容提供了必要的线索。
利用定义句寻找线索,在阅读中假如遇到不理解的生僻词或关键词,要学会在上下文中找出能够为其定义的短语或句子或同义词来帮助理解。
中科院2012年3月份考博英语真题分析中科院试题考试题型变化不大,这一方面考生不必太过于担心,按照历年考试的难易程度以及考试题型进行针对性的练习,持之以恒,掌握正确的复习方法必将会通过考博英语这门考试。
总体来讲,中科院的英语题型分为以下几种:1、词汇题(10分,20题)2、完型填空(15分,15题)3、阅读理解(40分,40题)4、英译中(15分,5题)5、写作(20分,1题)这几种题型,相比考生都不是很陌生,在四六级考试和考研考试中都有过系统的练习。
但是有些不同的是中科院的考博英语题量阅读较大。
比如,在完型填空中有五篇,每篇设置六个题目,其中阅读理解中不但有传统的四选一选题理解题,还有七选五阅读理解题,而且七选五出现两篇,增大了大了试题的难度。
考生在平常的复习中需重视阅读理解题型,尤其是对阅读不是很拿手的同学应当提前下手,准备这一考试专项。
具体来说,2012年3月的考试内容中。
词汇题难度保持了原有的难度。
完型考试中出现科技说明的科普文章,主要讲了历史上的六次物种灭绝的情况,考察了考生逻辑能力和平常的知识的积累。
八篇阅读理解,分别考了真理及谬论情况;文化拍卖市场以及文化的需求;双语中英文学校;赡养90岁以上老人的社会伦理道德现象;收养儿童问题以及电梯事件和对孩子的教育问题。
通常为社会中常出现的现象或事件或热点问题。
翻译的主要内容也是社会伦理道德方面。
最后,作文考察了一道哲学思辨题,我认为中科院也是考察了考生的科技伦理和科技哲学观点,这对于以后意什么样的态度开展研究工作至关重要。
总之,中科院的考博英语难度较大,希望考生好好准备相关内容。
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中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷30(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1.This is only a______agreement: nothing serious concluded yet by far.A.tentativeB.localC.decisiveD.kidding正确答案:A解析:形容词词义辨析。
tentative“试验性的,尝试的,暂定的”;local“地方的,当地的”;decisive“决定性的”;kidding“戏弄的,玩笑的”。
题中所填的词修饰的是agreement,后文中对这个协议做了说明:真正的还未达成。
显然所填的词应当与“真正的”表达的意思相反。
故答案为A。
2.Some workers in the nuclear power station were exposed to high levels of______.A.radiationB.cancerC.microwavesD.high temperature正确答案:A解析:名词词义辨析。
radiation“辐射,放射线,放射物”;cancer“癌症”;microwaves“微波”;hightemperature“高温”。
根据句中the nuclear power station 提供的语境,只有radiation符合句意。
故答案为A。
3.A______refers to an animal that is born from its mother’s body, not form an egg, and drinks its mother’s milk as a baby.A.mammothB.penguinC.mosquitoD.mammal正确答案:D解析:上下文语义。
一些表示结构的常用词语以及一些形容词的变换法则一:表示结构的词语1. Introduction <介绍>paratively speaking, as a general rule, in general, in one sense, to some extent, in my view, as for me, on a personal level, in some cases, in some respects, in a sense, on a larger scale, to take the idea further, putting the discussion in a wider context, traditionally, unfortunately, practically speaking, undoubtedly, finally speaking, in terms of, in a way2. Classification < 分类>According to…, on the basis of, based on, depending on, in the category of, belong to, fall into, be classed with, contain, consist of, constitute, there be3. parison <比较>Have…in mon, equally important, like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, the same as, both…and…4. Exemplification <例证>In illustration of, by way of examples, be an example of, for instance, as an example, as a case in point, similarly, as an illustration, namely, that is, like, say5. Enumeration <列举>In the first place, initially, first and foremost, to begin with, to start with, in the second place, next, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more, beyond that, for one thing, for another, finally, eventually6. Cause <理由>Owing to, due to, on account of, as a result of, because…, as, since, for, as a result of7. Concession < 让步>Although, even though…, granted that…, it is true…, but, in spite of, still, even so, nevertheless, however, yet, admittedly8. Emphasis < 强调>More often than not, needless to say, above all, chiefly, especially, indeed, in fact, certainly, particularly, to be sure, actually, surely, most important of all, even worse9. Result < 结果>As a consequence, for this, on that account, it follows that…, for this reason, therefore, accordingly, thus, consequently, hence, as a result10. Summary <概要>Lastly, in the last place, last of all, eventually, by and large, by doing so, at length, tosum up, in conclusion, on the whole, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, altogether, to summarize, in all, as has been said, that is, in summary11. Contrast < 对比>In contrast, conversely, rather than, whereas, in sharp contrast, unlike, on the one hand, otherwise, on the other hand, on the contrary12. Addition <层进>In the second place, for another, also, too, thirdly, besides this, in addition to, furthermore, moreover, after that, in other words, in the same manner, what is moreimportant, besides, and then, equally important二:同义词—词汇的丰富与级别〈表示前面的词用起来不如后面的高级,而= 表示两者的高级程度基本相同。
GRADUATE UNIVERSITY, CHINESE ACADEMYOF SCIENCES ENGLISH ENTRANCEEXAMINATIONFORDOCTORAL CANDIDATESMarchPAPER ONEPART ⅠVOCABULARY(15 minutes, 10points, 0. 5point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. My father was a nuclear engineer, a very academically _________ Man with multiple degrees from prestigious institutions.A. promotedB. activatedC. orientedD. functioned2. Public _________ for the usually low-budget, high-quality films has enabled the independent film industry to grow and thrive.A. appreciationB. recognitionC. gratitudeD.tolerance3. Dirty Jobs on the Discovery Channel, an unlikely television program, has become a surprising success with a _________ fan base.A. contributedB. devotedC. reveredD. scared4. Pop culture doesn't _________ to strict rules; it enjoys being jazzy, unpredictable, chaotic.A. adhereB. lendC. exposeD. commit5. Intellectual property is a kind of _________ monopoly, which should be used properly or else would disrupt healthy competition order.A. legibleB. legendaryC. lenientD. legitimate6. I am thankful to the company for giving me such a chance, and I earnestly hope that I will _________ everyone’s expectations.A. boil down toB. look forward toC. live up toD. catch on to7. The image of an unfortunate resident having to climb 20 flights of stairs because the lift is _________ is now a common one.A. out of the wayB. on orderC. out of orderD. in no way8. My eyes had become _________ to the now semi-darkness, so I could pick out shapes about seventy-five yards away.A. inclinedB. accustomedC. vulnerableD. sensitive9. Despite what I’d been told about the local people’s attitude to strangers, _________ did I encounter any rudeness.A. at no timeB. in no timeC. at any timeD. at some time10. In times of severe _________ companies are often forced to make massive job cuts in order to survive.A. retreat B, retrospect C. reduction D. recession11. Sport was integral to the national and local press, TV and, to a diminishing _________ , to radio.A. extentB. scopeC. scaleD. range12. Unless your handwriting is _________ , or the form specifically asks for typewriting, the form should be neatly handwritten.A. illegitimate B, illegal C. illegible D. illiterate13. The profession fell into , with some physicists sticking to existing theories, while others came up with the big-bang theory.A. harmonyB. turmoilC. distortionD. accord14. With the purchasing power of many middle-class households _________ behind the cost of living, there was an urgent demand for credit.A. leavingB. leveringC. lackingD. lagging15. Frank stormed into the room and _________ the door, but it wasn’t that easy to close the door on what Jack had said.A. slashedB. slammedC. slippedD. slapped16. When I was having dinner with you and Edward at his apartment, I sensed a certain _________ between the two of you.A. intimacyB. proximityC. discrepancyD. diversity17. I decided to _________ between Ralph and his brother, who were arguing endlessly.A. interfereB. interveneC. interruptD. interact18. “I mean Gildas and Ludens are both wise, reasonable and tactful; but naturally they’re _________ , they want to know what’s happening, and make judgments on it all. ”A. indifferentB. innocentC. inquisitiveD. instinctive19. In Africa HIV and AIDS continue to _________ the population; nearly 60 percent of those infected are women.A. alleviateB. boostC. captureD. ravage20. By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period slave society was _________ disintegration.A. on the ground ofB. on the top ofC. in the light ofD. on the verge ofPART ⅡCLOZE TEST(15 minutes, 15 points)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Tomorrow Japan and South Korea will celebrate White Day, an annual event when men are expected to buy a gift for the adored women in their lives. It is a relatively new 21 that was commercially created as payback for Valentine’s Day. That’s 22 in both countries, 14 February is all about the man.On Valentine’s Day, women are expected to buy all the important male 23 in their lives a token gift; not just their partners, 24 their bosses or older relatives too.This seems 25 enough. Surely it’s reasonable for men to be indulged on one day of the year, 26 the number of times they’re expected to produce bouquets of flowers and 27 their woman with perfume or pearls.But the idea of a woman 28 a man didn’t sit easily with people. In 1978, the National Confectionery Industry Association(糖果业协会) 29 an idea to solve this problem. They started to market white chocolate that men could give to women on 14 March, as 30 for the male-oriented Valentine’s Day.It started with a handful of sweet-makers’producing candy 31 a simple gift idea. The day 32 the public imagination, and is now a nationally 33 date in the diary-and one where men are 34 to whip out their credit cards. In fact, men are now expected to give gifts worth 35 the value of those they received. What a complication: not only do men have to remember who bought them what, they have to estimate the value and multiply it by three.21. A. copy B. concept C. choice D. belief22. A. because B. as C. so D. why23. A. clients B. friends C. figures D. colleagues24. A. but B. and C. instead of D. rather than25. A. odd B. good C. fair D. rare26. A. given B. if C. but D. though27. A. attract B. frustrate C. surprise D. touch28. A. supporting B. spoiling C. comforting D. fooling29. A. came up with B. come out of C. came up toD. came along with30. A. companion B. compromise C. competence D. compensation31. A. via B. as C. with D. for32. A. captured B. appealed C. favored D. held33. A. documented B. recognized C. illustrated D. scheduled34. A. volunteered B. embarrassed C. sponsoredD. obliged35. A. triple B. double C. fourfold D. equalPART ⅢREADING COMPREHENSIONSection A(60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement.Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneAt many colleges, smokers are being run not just out of school buildings but off the premises. On Nov. 19 , the University of Kentucky, the tobacco state’s flagship public institution, Launched a campus wide ban on cigarettes and all other forms of tobacco on school grounds and parking areas. Pro-nicotine students staged a “smoke-out”to protest the new policy, which even rules out smoking inside cars if they’re on school property.Kentucky joins more than 365 U. S. colleges and universities that in recent years have instituted antismoking rules both indoors and out. In most places, the issue doesn’t seem to be secondhand smoke. Rather, the rationale for going smoke-free in wide open spaces is a desire to model healthy behavior.Purdue University, which has 30-ft. buffer zones, recently considered adopting a campuswide ban but tempered its proposal after receiving campus input. Smoking will now be restricted to limited outdoor areas.One big problem with a total ban is enforcing it. Take theUniversity of Iowa. In July , the school went smoke-free in accordance with the Iowa Smokefree Air Act, violations of which can result in a $50 fine. But so far, the university has ticketed only about 25 offenders. “Our campus is about 1, 800 acres, so to think that we could keep track of who is smoking on campus at any given time isn’t really feasible, ”says Joni Troester, director of the university’s campus wellness program. Instead, the school helps those trying to kick the habit by offering smoking-cessation programs and providing reimbursement for nicotine patches, gum and prescription medications like Zyban.The University of Michigan will probably take a similar approach when its ban takes effect in July . “We don’t have a desire to give tickets or levy punishments, ”says Robert Winfield, the school’s chief health officer. “We want to encourage people to stop smoking, set a good example for students and make this a healthier community. ”Naturally, there has been pushback from students. “Where do we draw the line between a culture of health and individual choice?”asks Jnathan Slemrod, a University of Michigan senior and president of the school’s College Libertarians. “If they truly want a culture of health, I expectthem to go through all our cafeterias and get rid of all our Taco Bells, all our pizza places. ”Students might want to enjoy those Burrito Supremes while they can. In today’s health-obsessed culture, those may be next.36. We can infer that the “newness”of the antismoking policy at the University of Kentucky lies in _________ .A. its extended scope of no-smoking placesB. its prohibition of cigarette sales on campusC. its penalty for bringing tobacco to schoolD. its ban on smoke when people are driving37. By setting the antismoking rules the University of Kentucky mainly aims for _________ .A. protecting students against passive smokingB. modeling itself on many other universitiesC. promoting the students’ health awarenessD. punishing those who dare smoke on campus38. One of the problems enforcing the ban on smoking at the University of Iows is _________ .A. limiting the smoke-free areasB. tracing smokers on campusC. forcing smokers to give up smokingD. providing alternative ways for smokers39. The word “levy”(in Paragraph 5)most probably means_________ .A. imposeB. avoidC. deserveD. receive40. According to Jonathan Slemrod, Taco Bell is _________ .A. a tobacco shopB. a school cafeteriaC. an organic food storeD. an unhealthy food chain41. The author’s tone in the essay is _________ .A. radicalB. optimisticC. objectiveD. criticalPassage TwoThe familiar sounds of an early English summer are with us once again. Millions of children sit down to SATs, GCSEs, AS-levels, A-levels and a host of lesser exams, and the argument over educational standards starts. Depending on whom you listen to, we should either be letting up on over-examined pupils by abolishing SATs, and even GCSEs, or else making exams far more rigorous.The chorus will reach a peak when GCSE and A-level results are published in August. If pass rates rise again, commentators will say that standards are falling because exams are getting easier. If pass rates drop, they will say thatstandards are falling because children are getting lower marks. Parents like myself try to ignore this and base our judgments on what our children are learning. But it’s not easy given how much education has changed since we were at school.Some trends are encouraging-education has been made more relevant and enthuses many children that it would have previously bored. My sons’A-level French revision involved listening to radio debates on current affairs, whereas mine involved rereading Moliere. And among their peers, a far greater proportion stayed in education for longer.On the other hand, some aspects of schooling today are incomprehensible to my generation, such as gaps in general knowledge and the hand-holding that goes with ensuring that students leave with good grades. Even when we parents resist the temptation to help with GCSE or A-level coursework, a teacher with the child’s interests at heart may send a draft piece of work back several times with pointers to how it can be improved before the examiners see it.The debate about standards persists because there is no single objective answer to the question: “Are standards better or worse than they were a generation ago?”Each side pointsto indicators that favor them, in the knowledge that there is no authoritative definition, let alone a measure that has been consistently applied over the decades. But the annual soul-searching over exams is about more than student assessment. It reveals a national insecurity about whether our education system is teaching the right things. It is also fed by an anxiety about whether, in a country with a history of upholding standards by ensuring that plenty of students fail, we can attain the more modern objective of ensuring that every child leaves school with something to show for it.42. It can be concluded from Paragraph 1 that _________ .A. SATs is one of the most rigorous exams mentionedB. it has been debated if children should b given examsC. few parents approve of the exam systems in EnglandD. each year children have to face up to some new exams43. Parents try to judge the educational standards by _________ .A. whether their children have passed the examsB. what knowledge their children have acquiredC. what educators say about curriculum planningD. whether their children’s school scores are stable44. To the author, the rereading of Moliere was _________ .A. drearyB. routineC. outmodedD. arduous45. To the author’s generation, it is beyond understanding today why _________ .A. teachers lay great stress on helping students obtain good gradesB. teachers show much concern for students’ futureC. parents help little with their children’s courseworkD. parents focus on their children’s general knowledge46. According to the passage, with respect to educational standards in Britain, _________ .A. no authorities have ever made a commentB. no one has ever tried to give them a definitionC. no effective ways have been taken to apply themD. no consistent yardstick has ever been used47. In the author’s opinion, the school education in Britain has been _________ .A. inflexibleB. irresponsibleC. unsuccessfulD. unforgivablePassage ThreeSuzan Fellman had a hard time with Laura Bush’s redo of the famed guest quarters named for President Lincoln:“Looking at it , I thought I was in a Radisson lobby somewhere in the Midwest long ago. I could not imagine spending a night in that space. ”Done up with Victorian furnishings, the Lincoln Bedroom is one of the residence’s least-changed spaces, said Betty Monkman, formerly chief curator of the White House for nearly 40 years. “It’s a quasi-museum room, ”she said, “with a lot of objects, such as the bed , that have symbolic importance. ”The elaborately carved bed bought for Lincoln is the centerpiece of the room.According to historian William Seale, the president was furious that his wife, Mary, spent so much money redecorating the White House during a time of war. He never slept in the bed , and the ornate piece eventually was moved to a spare room.Los Angeles designer Fellman saw parallels, calling the Obama era a period of“pulling back on extravagance. ”It is a good time, she said, to revisit pieces in storage, to rearrange old furniture in a new fashion, and use paint and fabrics to bring life and fun into a room without spending a fortune.In this re-imagining of the Lincoln Bedroom, Fellman wouldretain the legendary bed but paint the ceiling a sky blue and use a Cecil Beaton rose-print fabric for curtains. “Lincoln loved roses, ”Fellman said, “and this beige and ivory version keeps it from being too bold, modern or feminine. ”At a time when Americana is expected to stage a strong revival, Fellman said traditional styles such as Colonial and Federal can co-exist with European antiques if they are balanced in scale.Mindful of the recession, the designer advocated selecting furniture with longevity in mind. “If you are going to spend money, buy quality things that you never want to get rid of, ”she said. “A couple of really good things can make all the difference in a room. ”Her splurges would include a camel-hair sofa, which Fellman said was long-lasting and timeless. As a Pop Art-influenced statement about thrift, a custom rug woven with a 6-foot-diameter medallion replicates the penny’s image of Lincoln in subtle shades of ivory and copper.In bad times as in good, spare rooms don’t have to be grand to be effective, Fellman said. “A guest room should feel inviting and intimate, ”she said. “It has to exude serenity. ”48. To Suzan Fellman, Laura Bush’s redecoration of the Lincoln Bedroom could hardly be _________ .A. evaluatedB. imaginedC. understoodD. praised49. The Lincoln Bedroom in White House is a place for_________ .A. the president to have a restB. visitors to stay overnightC. storing Victorian furnishingsD. exhibiting classic objects50. According to Fellman, the Obama era is similar to the Lincoln era in _________ .A. decorating housesB. respecting the pastC. protecting the classicD. encouraging thrift51. The way Fellman would rearrange the Lincoln Bedroom includes _________ .A. putting some roses on the tableB. omitting some European antiquesC. adding to it some Federal stylesD. giving it the look of a strong America52. In choosing the new furniture for the room, Fellman would give top priority to _________ .A. its durabilityB. its simplicityC. its priceD. its color53. Fellman would avoid making the Lincoln Bedroom look_________ .A. tranquilB. luxuriousC. hospitableD. fascinatingPassage FourLaurance Rockefeller, the middle brother of the five prominent and benevolent grandsons of John D. Rockefeller, who concentrated his own particular generosity on conservation, recreation, ecological concerns and medical research, particularly the treatment of cancer, died of pulmonary fibrosis at his home in Manhattan.His career began on Wall Street almost 70 years ago, where he became a pioneer of modern venture capitalism, compounding his inherited wealth many times over. In the decades since he first took his seat on the New York Stock Exchange, he often used his native instinct for identifying the next big thing, not content simply to make more money but to make the money produce something of lasting value.Less sociable than his older brother Nelson, who was a four-term governor of New York and the country’s vicepresident under Gerald R. Ford, Laurance Spelman Rockefeller was also more reserved and private than his flamboyant younger brother Winthrop who was the governor of Arkansas. A philosophy major at Princeton he had long wrestled with the question of how he might most efficiently and satisfyingly use the great wealth to which he was born and which he later kept compounding as a successful pioneer of modern venture capitalism.Using significant amounts of his money as well as his connections and prestige and negotiating skills he was instrumental in establishing and enlarging National Parks in Wyoming, California, the Virgin Islands, Vermont, Maine and Hawaii. As an active member of the Palisade Interstate Parkway Commission, he helped create a chain of parks that blocked the advance of sprawl, thus maintaining the majestic view that he first saw as a child looking out from Kykuit, the Rockefeller country home in Pocantico.His commitment to wilderness, recreation and environmental conservation had many roots. Since childhood he liked to ride hrses through unspoiled terrain. He was a passionate photographer in search of new landscapes. Even before Laurance reached adulthood the Rockefellers hadincluded parks among their many philanthropic projects.Laurance was born on May 26, 1910. As Laurance matured he came to more closely resemble his grandfather than did any other family member, having the same pursed and seemingly serious expression that John D. Rockefeller often showed in photographs. According to family accounts he was also the one who most closely revealed his grandfather’s ability for profitable deals.54. Paragraph 1 suggests that Laurance Rockefeller was a man who is _________ .A. full of social responsibilityB. famous but short-livedC. successful in many fieldsD. zealous in social activities55. We can learn that, in making investments, Laurance Rockefeller was very _________ .A. cold-heartedB. close-fistedC. far-sightedD. half-witted56. Compared with his two brothers, Laurance _________ .A. often relied on himselfB. rarely appeared in publicC. rarely voiced his opinionsD. often worried about his wealth57. The word“instrumental”(boldfaced in Para 4)in this context can be replaced by “_________ . ”A. generousB. strategicC. resoluteD. important58. Laurance’s childhood experience led him later to make significant contributions to _________ .A. the building of national parksB. the enlargement of urban areasC. the perfection of his hometownD. the popularization of horse riding59. According to the passage, Laurance resembled his grandfather in having _________ .A. a contribution to public goodB. a talent of making moneyC. a passion for wildernessD. a bias against political affairsPassage FiveThe first three days of July 1863 saw the bloodiest hours of the Civil War, in a battle that spilled across the fields and hills surrounding Gettysburg, Pa. The fighting climaxed in the bright, hot afternoon of the third day, when more than 11, 000 Confederate soldiers mounted a disastrous assault on theheart of the Union line. That assault marked the farthest the South would penetrate into Union territory. In a much larger sense, it marked the turning point of the war.No surprise, then, than the Battle of Gettysburg would become the subject of songs, poems, funeral monuments and, ultimately, some of the biggest paintings ever displayed on this continent. Paul Philippoteaux, famed for his massive360-degree cyclorama paintings, painted four versions of the battle in the 1880s. Cycloramas were hugely popular in the United States in the last decades of the 19th century, before movies displaced them in the public’s affection. Conceived on a mammoth scale, a cyclorama painting was longer than a football field and almost 50 feet tall. Little thought was given to preserving these enormous works of art. They were commercial ventures, and when they stopped earning they were tossed. Most were ultimately lost-victims of water damage or fire. One of Philippoteaux’s Gettysburg renderings was cut up and hung in panels in a Newark, N. J. , department store before finding its way back to Gettysburg, where it has been displayed off and on since1913. Along the way, the painting lost most of its sky and a few feet off the bottom. Sections since 1913. Along the way,the painting lost most of its sky and a few feet off the bottom. Sections were cut and moved to patch holes in other sections. And some of the restorative efforts proved almost as crippling to the original as outright neglect. Since , a team of conservators has labored in a $12million effort to restore Philippoteaux’s masterwork. They have cleaned it front and back, patched it , added canvas for a new shy and returned the painting to its original shape-a key part of a cyclorama’s optical illusion was its hyperbolic shape: it bellies out at its central point, thrusting the image toward the viewer.When restoration is completed later this year, the painting will be the centerpiece of the new Gettysburg battlefield visitors’ center, which opens to the public on April 14. Much work remains to be done. But even partially restored, the painting seethes with life-and death.60. With respect to the Battle of Gettysburg, Paragraph 1 mainly emphasizes _________ .A. the reason for its occurrenceB. the significance of the battleC. the place where it broke outD. the bloodiness of the battle61. To the author, that Gettysburg Battle got reflected inmany art works is _________ .A. reasonableB. meaningfulC. necessaryD. impressive62. We can infer that cyclorama paintings _________ .A. has regained their popularity since 1913B. were mostly destroyed by the Civil WarC. more often than not lost than gained moneyD. had been popular before movies came in63. Work done to restore the Philippoteaux’s painting already began _________ .A. before 1900B. after 1913C. inD. at its birth64. According to the author, some previous efforts to restore the Philippoteaux’s painting turned out to be _________ .A. time consumingB. fruitlessC. destructiveD. a waste of money65. What is true of the present state of the Philippoteaux’s Gettysburg rendering?A. It is illusory in depiction.B. It is a perfect restoration.C. It is a modified version.D. It is incredibly lifelike.Section B(20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: In each of the following passages, five sentences have been removed from the original text. They are listed from A to F and put below the passage. Choose the most suitable sentence from the list to fill in each of the blanks(numbered 66 to 75). For each passage, there is one sentence that does not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneAdvertising is paid, nonpersonal communication that is designed to communicate in a creative manner, through the use of mass or information-directed media, the nature of products, services, and ideas. It is a form of persuasive communication that offers information about products, ideas, and services that serves the objectives determined by the advertiser. 66 Thus, the ultimate objective of advertising is to sell things persuasively and creatively. Advertising is used by commercial firms trying to sell products and services; by politicians and political interest groups to sell ideas or persuade voters; by not-for-profit organizations to raise funds, solicit volunteers, or influence the actions of viewers; and bygovernments seeking to encourage or discourage particular activities, such as wearing seatbelts, participating in the census, or ceasing to smoke. 67The visual and verbal commercial messages that are a part of advertising are intended to attract attention and produce some response by the viewer. Advertising is pervasive and virtually impossible to escape. Newspapers and magazines often have more advertisements than copy; radio and television provide entertainment but are also laden with advertisements; advertisements pop up on Internet sites; and the mail brings a variety of advertisements. 68 In shopping malls, there are prominent logos on designer clothes, moviegoers regularly view advertisements for local restaurants, hair salons, and so on, and live sporting and cultural events often include signage, logos, products, and related information about the event sponsors. 69Although the primary objective of advertising is to persuade, it may achieve this objective in many different ways. An important function of advertising is the identification function, that is, to identify a product and differentiate it from others; this creates an awareness of the product and provides a basis for consumers to choose the advertised product over。
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。