2020年英语议论文写作方法

英语议论文写作方法

《英语议论文写作方法》是一篇好的范文，觉得有用就收藏了，看完如果觉得有帮助请记得（）。

导语 :议论文，又叫说理文，是一种剖析事物事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。下面是收集的英语议论文写作方法，欢迎大家参考。

一、篇章结构

(一)先有规矩，然后才能从心所欲，不逾矩

议论文的写作，住往从正反两方面来论述，且都有其约定俗成的议论模式，即从“主题句一正面论述，反面论述一结论”四大块去营造文章的基本结构(四块论)。例如，某题目要求论述“学校规定‘课间学生只能呆在的教室里’对吗?”这一话题。如果作者认为学校的规定不对，他就应该在文章第一块(段)亮出自己的观点：There is currently much discussion about whether students

should stay in their own classrooms or not during break

times．Personally I believe that—．而第二块应该从正面论述“课间不能只呆在自己的教室里”的理由。比如说：I would argue

that break times are our only opportunity to choose what we

want to do.第三块则从反面观点，即“课间只能呆在自己的教室里”出发，批驳对方观点或进一步阐述己方观点。例如可以说：Another reason why people say that students have to stay in

their own classes at break times is that it would be

difficult to organize dinners。最后一块(段)则用不同的语言再次强调已方观点。乍一看去，议论文“四块论”仿佛有“八股文”的嫌疑，但“四块论”符合人的认知规律，所以值得多多模仿和操练。

(二)围绕中心论述，确保论述的内容直接为主题服务

在上例中，“学生课间时不能只呆在自己的教室里”是主题句，论述时应该紧紧围绕它。有的同学在写的时候先说“学生若课间被允许到其他班级活动，就可以交到更多的朋友”，然后又说“交到更多朋友就可以学到更多知识”，“学到更多知识就可以为社会做出更大的贡献”……这种论述方式貌似环环相扣，承前启后，实则是中心涣散的流水账，说到最后，不仅会一头雾水，连作者自己都会忘了自己在说什么。

(三)确立并写好论点，并将其置于每一段的段首

整篇文章有整篇文章的中心论点，每一段落有每一段落的分论点。选取论点时要问一问自己：这一论点是否会让自己信服?如果—个论点连自己都说服不了，就要放弃它。段落论点的呈现不能羞羞答答，犹报琵琶半遮面，也不能深藏不露，让读者去总结和归纳，而必须在文章开篇或段落开头就亮出来。论点置于篇首或段首，才能纲举目张，也是确保不跑题的前提。以下两个例子中，第一个结构松散，群龙无首，令读者不知所云；而第二个例子则中心突出，章法严谨。请看：

1．Firstly，it is very convenient in daily life．There

are many shops and supermarkets in a city．I can buy

everything I need easily in these places．When I am sick，I

can easily see a doctor in any clinic or

hospital．Transport services are good in a city．when I

want to go somewhere，I can take a bus，a train or

something else．There are also many kinds of entertainment

in a city．Public buildings(such as libraries)and parks can

easity be found in a city，too．

2．First．it is convenient and fortable to live in a

city．To begin with，there is good housing in a city，as

all the houses and flats are well-equipped with good

facilities and surrounded by modern amenities such as

places of entertainment，public libraries and parks．

而中心句的写法也有讲究。中心句必须能高度概括所在段落的论据，它的关键词应该在每—个论据中都有重复或适当体现。那种无关痛痒的叙述或说明性的，是不适宜用作中心句的。例如：

1．Students always feel relaxed and happy during

breaks．(叙述性句子)

2．Break times are scheduled for about 10 minutes．(说明性句子)

以下即是论述“学校规定‘课间学生只能呆在自己的班级里’对吗?”的一篇学生习作：

Although some people believe that students should stay

in their own classrooms during break times，I would like to

argue that we should be allowed to spend break times in

another class．

The most important reason for believing that is that

many students have friends in other classes．We spend all

day in our own classroom，and break times are the only time

we have to spend with other friends．It can bee very

tedious(令人厌倦的)to have to spend even more time with the

same people．

A further reason for allowing student to choose where

they spend their break times is that it would stop

arguments．If students are forced to spend time with

classmates who are not good friends，they can annoy each

other．This leads to problems that have to be sorted out by

teachers．

Teachers argue that we all should stay in our own

classes，because it is then easier to know what is going

on．They say that it is difficult to keep track of students

when they are walking round the corridors．However，students could be given the chance to choose a different

classroom to spend the whole break time in．That would mean

that there would not be any students in the corridors．

As I have explained，although it might be a little

easier to manage when everyone stays in their own

classroom，it would make break times happier for all

students if they were allowed to choose where they spent

their time．

这篇范文符合“四块论”的基本模式，正反论述兼顾，结构严谨，中心突出。

二、句子修辞

(一)应用修辞，增强说服力

适当采用比喻、头韵(即连续数个单词的头音或头字母相同)、夸张等修辞手法，采用幽默、平行结构等写作手法，可以把道理说得更加透彻，把观点表达得更加鲜明，把平淡的内容表现得更加生动，从而更好地传递信息，增添文采，激发读者的共鸣。例如：

1．Many people have tried a thousand times before they

achieve their goals．(夸张)

2．Only a madman would choose to live in a modern

city．(夸张)

3．Our life would be like soup without salt or flowers

without sunlight．(比喻)

4．The best way is to reduce，reuse and recycle．(头韵)

5．For children．the Inter is another way to waste

more hours．(幽默)

6．If you want to earn a satisfactory grade in the

training program，you must arrive punctually，you must

behave courteously，and you must study conscientiously．(平行结构)

值得注意的是，比喻等修辞格的使用及谚语等的引用关乎作者对英语文化的理解，因为它们在英语中的意义往往与我们的理解大相径庭，很容易误用。只有多多学习，认真分析它们的应用环境，使用起来才能锦上添花。如果没有十分的把握，切不可生搬硬套，否则会适得其反。