温度在线监测系统

高压电缆温度及电缆沟环境在线监测系统摘要:电缆沟电缆温度监测，电缆沟微环境监测，包括环境感烟，明火，水浸，人员小动物入侵，井盖开盖等监测。

关键词:高压电缆，温度在线监测，电缆沟环境，电缆沟防火防盗；1、引言电力行业中高压电缆安全在线监测能够有效的避免电缆火灾等事故的发生，其中温度在线检测是防止电缆火灾保证电缆系统安全运行的重要手段，传统的测温法是将点式感温装置如热电偶装在电缆重点检测的部位，这种方法只能对局部位置进行监测，而无法对整条线路进行监控，采用一线式温度传感器接合数字通信技术可用一条电缆监测1.2公里内128个部位的温度，施工简单，可靠性高，布线方便等特点，并且可与人员和老鼠探测、感烟，明火，水位监测系统组成电缆沟环境监控综合在线检测．为电缆温度监测和安全运行提供科学依据，有效避免高压电缆安全事故地发生。

2、电缆温度和电缆沟微环境安全监测技术2.1概述电缆沟环境在线监测系统能有效地辨识电缆及其接头的老化所发生的过热和火灾事故隐患，同时该系统又是电缆设备故障的预知维修系统，它能在电缆及被检测设备发生故障之前发出报警及检修建议。

并且通过使用低成本测控设备实现电缆地沟温度的稳定测量，实现数据的长期记录和采集。

2.2系统结构2.3 现场探测器工作原理和技术指标2.3.1 电缆温度传感器电缆温度传感器是采用美国DALLAS公司生产的 DS18B20可组网数字温度传感器芯片和远距离通信芯片封装而成，独特的单线接口方式，在与温度监测器连接时仅需要一条双绞线即可实现供电与双向通讯。

采用不锈钢外壳，具有耐磨耐碰，体积小，使用方便，防水封装等优点。

2.3.2 明火探测器明火探测器利用特定幅度、频率的高压信号激励紫外光敏管，使其发射特殊波长的感应信号的方式精确接受、分析火焰中的紫外线，及时发出声光报警。

2.3.3 红外微波探测器智能红外微波三鉴探测器采用了微波多普勒效应、光谱分析、光量子探测等尖端技术的智能红外微波三鉴探测器。

Intelligent on-line monitoring system of temperatureFirst, the need for power equipment temperature monitoring. Large grid power systems is toward high reliability, high level of automation in the direction rapidly. The power grid automation, intelligent monitoring of the level of attention at home and abroad has become a key issue. With the increasing of social consumption, carrying electrical equipment transport tasks such as transformers, transformers, high voltage switchgear, outdoor knife and other electrical loads are also increasing rapidly. Many grid electrical equipment itself, the connection point between the devices is the weakest link in power delivery, the weak link is the connection point of the substantive issues fever. As the load increases, leading to the connection point fever and a vicious cycle: temperature, expansion, contraction, oxidation, resistance increases, heating up again until the lead to accidents. Therefore, the connection point temperature monitoring equipment is critical to prevent such occurrences, to achieve temperature monitoring is to ensure the safe operation of electrical equipment important means.Second, the temperature performance intelligent online monitoring system. For a long time, the connection point of electrical equipment operating temperatures hard real-time online monitoring, it is because these areas have exposed voltage, there is a confined space. Temperature intelligent online monitoring system uses radio waves for signal transmission, sensor installed in the electrical equipment, with no electrical contact between the receiving device, so the system from the fundamental solution to the electrical equipment junction temperature is not easy to run real-time online monitoring problems. Temperature intelligent online monitoring system has high reliability and safety. Relatively low price, so that the system can be installed on each electrical switches, bus connector, outdoor knife or transformer, the system equipped with a standard communication interface, running on a network through the host computer, electrical equipment can record data in real-time operating temperature, and to provide strict temperature change rate alarm mechanism for the maintenance of electrical equipment based on accumulated data to achieve a thermal fault of electrical equipment predictive maintenance. So the temperature intelligent online monitoring system has become real-time monitoring of electrical equipment operating temperature the best solution.Third, the temperature intelligent online monitoring system advantages. Temperature intelligent online monitoring system is specifically designed for temperature monitoring operation of electrical equipment, non-contact temperature measurement. Temperature intelligent online monitoring system consists of a temperature sensor, wireless base stations, temperature management terminal. This product is good sealing performance, are safe to use indoors and outdoors. System with low power consumption, and other potential measurement, wireless data transmission, high precision, fast response, flexible operation, convenient network and other advantages.3-1 Technical Features 1. Adopt 2.4G band, working at 2400 ~ 2580MHz (ISM) bands. (2) Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), anti-interference ability. 3 temperature sensor uses homemade omnidirectional antenna, the smallest. 4 low power sensors, Battery Life:> 5 years. 5 Up to 65,535 wireless sensor addressing. 6 automatic sensor recognition, no connection, easy to install. 7 Transmission distance: less than 300 m. 8 powerful software analysis system can be natural temperature junction temperature and electrical load and comparative analysis to find out which rules. 3-2 wireless temperature and fiber optic temperature measurement comparison. Optical fiber transmission optical fiber temperature sensor temperature signal, the optical fiber has excellent insulating properties, to isolate the voltage of the switch cabinet, the fiber optic temperature sensors can be directly attached to the switch cabinet with pressure contacts, the accurate measurement with pressure contacts operating temperature, operating temperature to achieve switchgear contacts on-line monitoring. However, for the isolation voltage of the optical surfaces may be contaminated, will result in optical creeping discharge. This makes the fiber optic temperature measurement system for temperature measurement application is limited. Wireless temperature measurement system using electromagnetic transmission signals, sensors mounted directly on the device with pressure, temperature measurement accuracy, electrical insulation can completely solve the problem, the characteristics of wireless temperature measurement system is not subject to the impact of climate and environment, can be measured with pressure inside and outside any device has a temperature accidents point temperature. 3-3 wireless temperature measurement and comparison of infrared thermometry. Infrared temperature measurement is widely used power system temperature measurement means. Infrared thermometer at regular testing is required for each knot and electrical switching devices individually tested, potentially increasing the staff strength to run, but also inevitably tainted measurable phenomenon (left artificially liability accident risks), can not create a complete temperature monitoring history file. Even expensive and bulky infrared imager, and can only test imager nearby nodes, can not cover all the needs of test points. Furthermore infrared temperature and time limited test environment, test point and other reasons, the data is not accurate. Temperature intelligent online monitoring system to overcome the infrared temperature well all shortcomings, to achieve a 24-hour temperature monitoring, does not require manual inspection, but also a complete temperature monitoring history files, the measured data is stable, reliable, and does not bad environment under test and the angle of impact and other reasons. Temperature intelligent online monitoring system can better protect the security and stability of power system operation.Fourth, low voltage switchgear temperature intelligent online monitoring system structure. Temperature intelligent online monitoring system consists of a temperature sensor, wireless base stations, temperature management terminal. Management can beintegrated with the information collection system seamlessly sharing of resources. Monitoring data is sent to the base station wireless communications, firing distance of about 300m, radio-relay station between the way and eventually integrated with back-office management information systems to the RS485 interface or GSM network. Temperature sensor built-in CPU and RF modules, sensors and electrical equipotential node using technology, good protection of the internal circuit, making the system suitable for any voltage level of power distribution device. Using digital temperature sensor chip, temperature measurement accuracy than the traditional use of a thermistor temperature error caused much smaller. Monitoring data transmitted by radio communication radio base stations, transmission distance up to 300m, firing frequency 2.4GHZ, micro-power transmitter technology and power saving mode, ensure that the system does not affect the substation relay protection and automatic devices running . The radio base station is responsible for collecting within it receives uploaded temperature probe temperature information, the temperature data immediately uploaded to the management terminal temperature. And temperature data for analysis and storage, removal of outdated data stored newer data. If the temperature exceeds the alarm temperature sensor is timely to upload data to the full-time staff mobile phones to send alarm SMS. A temperature management terminal can receive multiple (up to hundreds) sent to the sensor data. Wireless base station left a variety of interfaces, support for a variety of communication methods, thereby expanding the range of applications.Application5-1 Low Voltage Switchgear contact temperature monitoring QMCW-CL temperature intelligent online monitoring system is mainly suitable for low voltage switchgear contact temperature monitoring, wireless temperature sensor is installed in the switch cabinet on each switch contact, each low-voltage switchgear Cabinet has six contacts, the temperature can be set QMCW-CL intelligent online monitoring system, it can achieve operating temperature monitoring and over-temperature alarm. 5-2 more applications, the use of wireless temperature sensor and the radio base station using radio frequency transmission signal, the sensor and the radio base station without electrical connections with voltage isolation. The system can also be applied to biological, chemical, medical, and other temperature fields.Six, communication protocolsQMCW-A wireless base station receiver for wireless sensor devices, each device has an RS485 network interface via RS485 network interface, a wireless sensor information to the host computer, each network, you need to have a computer, you can manage QMCW- CL Wireless sensor receiving equipment 65535.。

一、实验目的1. 熟悉温度监测系统的基本组成和原理。

2. 掌握温度传感器的应用和数据处理方法。

3. 学会搭建简单的温度监测系统，并验证其功能。

二、实验原理温度监测系统主要由温度传感器、数据采集器、控制器、显示屏和报警装置等组成。

温度传感器将温度信号转换为电信号，数据采集器对电信号进行采集和处理，控制器根据设定的温度范围进行控制，显示屏显示温度信息，报警装置在温度超出设定范围时发出警报。

本实验采用DS18B20数字温度传感器，该传感器具有体积小、精度高、抗干扰能力强等特点。

数据采集器采用单片机（如STC89C52）作为核心控制器，通过并行接口读取温度传感器输出的数字信号，并进行相应的处理。

三、实验器材1. DS18B20数字温度传感器2. STC89C52单片机3. LCD显示屏4. 电阻、电容等电子元件5. 电源模块6. 连接线四、实验步骤1. 搭建温度监测系统电路，包括温度传感器、单片机、显示屏、报警装置等。

2. 编写程序，实现以下功能：（1）初始化单片机系统；（2）读取温度传感器数据；（3）将温度数据转换为摄氏度；（4）显示温度数据；（5）判断温度是否超出设定范围，若超出则触发报警。

3. 连接电源，启动系统，观察温度数据变化和报警情况。

五、实验结果与分析1. 系统搭建成功，能够稳定运行，实时显示温度数据。

2. 温度数据转换准确，显示清晰。

3. 当温度超出设定范围时，系统能够及时触发报警。

六、实验总结1. 本实验成功地搭建了一个简单的温度监测系统，实现了温度数据的采集、处理和显示。

2. 通过实验，加深了对温度传感器、单片机、显示屏等电子元件的理解和应用。

3. 实验过程中，学会了如何编写程序，实现温度数据的处理和显示。

七、实验建议1. 在实验过程中，注意电路连接的准确性，避免因连接错误导致实验失败。

2. 在编写程序时，注意代码的简洁性和可读性，便于后续修改和维护。

3. 可以尝试将温度监测系统与其他功能结合，如数据存储、远程传输等，提高系统的实用性和功能。