语法精讲精练 简单句、省略、独立主格与固定结构
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第十二讲简单句、省略、独立主格与固定结构『专家支招』感叹句是一种表达喜悦、愤怒、惊奇、厌恶和赞赏的感情的句式，它主要由how/what引出；There be句型表示某处有某物或某人，there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出；祈使句用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等；反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句；省略句能使句子简明扼要，重点突出，简单句、并列句以及复合句中有形形色色的省略形式；独立主格结构、“with +宾语+宾语补足语”复合结构以及动名词复合结构是英语中昝要的固定结构。
这些语法虽不是全国各省市高考的重头戏，但时而再现在高考试题中。
在历年高考试题中，以上语法的考点主要集中在祈使句动词与非谓语动词的混合考查，交际用语中考查祈使句的答语，多角度测试句型“祈使句+and/or+结果分句”，复合句的反意疑问句，状语从句的省略，独立主格结构以及with复合结构。
这几种语法的难点主要是各种状语从句中的省略问题，独立主格结构、“with +宾语+宾语补足语”中非谓语动词的判断，这些也是考查的重点。
『讲练结合』B. They haveTheatre, ______?『小小窍门』『举一反三』1. The Application Form, unless otherwise ______, must be completed in English.A. to stateB. to be statedC. statedD. stating2. Are you interested in an accounting career? ______, you may wonder what skills you need to be a success in this field.A. OtherwiseB. If notC. But for thatD. If so3. All his spare time ______ to learning English, he has no time to play football.A. devotedB. to be devotedC. devotingD. having devoted4. The company offered two job openings, but the number of applicants reached fifteen times______.A. as manyB. as largeC. so largeD. so many5. —Were all four people in the car accident injured?—No, ______ only the three passengers who got hurt.A. it wasB. there wasC. it isD. there were6. Mike and Tom, please don't hesitate to contact me if you have any questions, ______?A. do weB. don’t weC. will youD. won’t you7. I don’t think that he’d escaped from the office after the first plane hit the north tower, ______?A. had heB. hadn’t heC. did itD. didn’t it8.—______ she set out a little earlier, she wouldn’t have kissed the last bus.—Luckily she was given a lift home.A. IfB. UnlessC. HadD. Should9. The Statue of Zeus is to Greek ______ the Great wall is to Chinese.A. asB. thatC. whatD. which10. — Will you chair the meeting to be held this weekend?—No, ______.A. unless invited to doB. unless invited toC. unless was invited toD. unless invited to do it10. 考查状语从句以及不定式的省略。
句意：“你会参加本月底召开的会议吗？”“即使邀请我也不去。
”答语可补充完整为：No, unless I am invited to attend the conference to be held at the end of this month，根据语法规则“I am”和不定式符号to 后的部分可省略。
故答案选择B。
11. I can’t find her passport anywhere. She must have taken that too, ______?A. didn’t sheB. don’ t sheC. mustn’t sheD. hasn’ t she12. Although she had no formal training, Mrs. Black played ping-pong as well as, if______, her husband.A. not better thanB. not betterC. no better thanD. better13. Mike was scared and feeling pretty anxious, this ______ his first experience of an earthquake.A. having beenB. wasC. to beD. being14. The factory put out millions of cars each year, none of ______ shipped overseas.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. them15. —Sally hasn’t finished her paper.—Well, she______.A. shouldB. ought to haveC. need haveD. must16. While the song has been popular, ______ disagreement as to the true meaning of it.A. It hasB. They haveC. It remainsD. There remains17. —What made the mother worried most? —______.A. her daughter’s being left alone at homeB. because her daughter was left alone at homeC. her daughter was left alone at homeD. because of her daughter leaving alone at home18. ______ your receipt to the customer service department and they will pay the money back to you.A. Having broughtB. BringC. BringingD. To bring19. There are ten tips in Mr. Black’s lecture on how to learn a foreign language, and one of them is: ______ every new word when coming across it in reading.A. doesn’t look upB. not to look upC. not look upD. don’t look up20. They started off late and caught the bus with only minutes ______.A. spareB. to spareC. sparingD. spared【答案与解析】1. 考查状语从句的省略。
状语从句可补充完整为：unless it is otherwise stated。
句意：申请表格必须以英文填写，除非另有说明。
故答案选择C。
2. 考查从句的省略。
句意：您希望自己成为一名会计师吗？如果是这样，您可能想知道一名合格的会计师需要具备什么样的技能。
Otherwise否则，要不然；but for that若不是因为那件事。
根据语境前后两句话之间是顺承关系。
语境表明so可用来取代you are interested in an accounting career。
if so意为“若是这样”，符合语境。
故答案选择D。
3. 考查独立主格结构。
句意：所有的时间有用在家学习英语上了，他没时间踢足球。
Be devoted to专心于/致力于……的。
“名词+过去分词”构成独立主格结构，在句中做状语。
故答案选择A。
5. 考查比较状语从句中的省略。
从句可补充完整为：fifteen times as large as two job openings the company offered。
句意：该公司提供两个工作缺，但应聘者人数达是岗位的十五倍之。
注意：第二分句的主语为the number，不能选择A答案。
故答案选择B。
5. 考查there be句型。
句意：“有四人在事故中受伤了吗？”“没有，车是只有三人。
”根据语境答语是there be句型，而并非强调句。
故答案选择D。
6. 考查反意疑问句。
句意：如果你有任何问题的话，请不要犹豫，立即同我联络，行吗？否定祈使句的附加问句只能用will you。
故答案选择C。
7. 考查反意疑问句。
句型I d on’t think that…后的反义疑问句在人称与时态方面与从句保持一致，因为是否定前移，也应该看作否定句。
故答案选择A。
8. 考查虚拟语气中的省略问题。
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if 省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，构成倒装句。
