英语国家概况(课堂PPT)
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英语国家概况,课件(五)Chapter2History4
The Formation of the Empire
1) The British Empire began with the colonization of
Newfoundland (纽芬兰) in 1583, the first British colony overseas.
2) First British Empire (1583-1837)
Included the colonies in Canada, Australia,New Zealand,
India and many small states in West Indies.
3) Second British Empire(1837-1901):
The Victorian Age witnessed the establishment of the Second
British Empire.
4) Victoria’s reign---tremendous achievements and made
Britain the largest colonial empire in the world by 20th c.
3. Results
On the Eve of World War I, Britain was the largest colonial
empire the world had ever seen. It controlled a territory of 33.5
million square kilometers, about 1/4 of the
world’s landmass, about 137 times as large as Britain. It
ruled over a population of 393.5 million, about eight times that
Chapter1
Land and People
Great Britain is the largest island in Europe. It is made up of England, Scotland, and
Wales.Together with Northern Ireland, it forms the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
lreland. This is the full name of the country which constitutes all these places. The United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, or the United Kingdom, is “the UK" for short.
However,most people call the UK ”Britain" or “Great Britain,” and some people simply say
“England," which is incorrect and particularly annoys the Scots.
According to the 2011 census, the total population of the UK was around 63 million. It is the
third-largest in the European Union (behind Germany and France) and the 22nd-largest in the
world.
The UK is a developed country. According to 2013 statistics it has the sixth-largest national
精选文档
. Part One: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Chapter 1 Land and People
Chapter 2 The Origins of a Nation (500BC~AD1066)
Chapter 3 The Shape of the Nation (1066~1381)
Chapter 4 Transition to the Modern Age (1455~1688)
Chapter 5 The Rise and Fall of the British Empire (1688~1990)
Chapter 6 The Economy
Chapter 7 Government and Administration
Chapter 8 Justice the Law
Chapter 9 Social Affairs
Chapter 10 Cultural Affairs
Chapter 1 Land, People and Language
1 Different Names for Britain and its Parts
The official name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland. The geographical names are the British Isles, Great Britain and England. People
just say Britain, the United Kingdom or simply U.K.
People
England is the largest and most populous, almost a quarter of the people lives in
第一章 国土与人民
Ⅰ.英国的不同名称及其区域
人们说到英国时常常使用不同的名称:不列颠、大不列颠、英格兰、不列颠群岛、联合王国等。这些名称一样吗?还是有所区别?
严格地讲,不列颠诸岛、大不列颠和英格兰都是地理名称。它们并不是这个国家的正式名称。不列颠诸岛是由两个大岛和几百个小岛组成的。两个大岛是不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛,其中不列颠岛较大,它与爱尔兰岛的北部一北爱尔兰构成联合王国。因此,联合王国的正式国名是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。但一口气说出这么长的国名太费事,因此,人们就说不列颠,联合王国或简单地说UK。这是不列颠岛上的一个国家,首都是伦敦。另外还有一个国家,叫爱尔兰共和国或称爱尔兰,也位于不列颠岛上。它占据了爱尔兰岛的其余部分,在岛的南部。1949年始爱尔兰独立,首都是都柏林。
大不列颠岛上有三个政治区:英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。英格兰面积最大、人口最多,一般说来也最富裕。因此人们常用英格兰指代英国,用英格兰人指代英国人。这有时令苏格兰人和威尔士人不快,他们不认为自己是"英格兰人",他们有自己的文化,甚至有自己的语言。
英国一直是世界上最重要的国家之一。约一百年前,由于推行帝国主义扩张政策,英国成为一个帝国,这个帝国占有世界上四分之一的人口,四分之一的面积。它不仅在北美,而且在亚洲、非洲和澳洲都有殖民地。但是两次世界大 战大大削弱了英国,英国殖民地接二连三独立,大英帝国逐渐消失,1931年由英联邦所取代。
英联邦是一个自由联合体,由曾经是英国殖民地变为现已独立的国家构成。成员国之间实行经济合作,有一定的贸易协议。英联邦没有特别的权力,是否参加英联邦由各成员国自己决定。目前( 1991年) ,英联邦有50个成员国。
Ⅱ.英国的地理特征
英国是个岛国,四周是海。它位于欧洲北海岸附近的北大西洋中。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海把英国与欧洲的其他部分隔开。英法之间的英吉利海峡很狭窄,最狭窄的地方叫多佛尔海峡,只有33公里宽。1985年,英法两国政府决定在多佛尔海峡底修建一个隧道,把两个国家连接起来。经过八年的奋斗,这条名为"查诺尔"的海底隧道于1994年5月通车。英国的面积为244,100 平方公里。南北长1000公里,东西最宽阔的地方约为500公里。因此英国的任何地方离海边都不远,海岸资源丰富。英国海岸线很长且拥有优良的深水港。 海上通道延伸到内陆,提供了低廉的运输。