2017年12月英语四级翻译预测：传统文化
英语四级中，翻译常常为一大难点，因为翻译不仅涉及到英语，还要考察同学对自己母语的掌握程度。
在近年考试中，翻译主题常常围绕着“传统文化”进行，下面就为大家总结一些相关主题的四级翻译预测题。
1、中国人姓名
原文：中国人的姓名通常姓(family name)在前，名(givenname)在后。
中国有10多亿个名字，所以人们即便在随意场合也可能会连名带姓地介绍自己，这是很寻常的。
历史上，人名的受欢迎稈度会随着时事而变化。
例如，20世纪80年代改革开放时期，“致富”成为一个名字，因其意为“变得富有”。
参考译文：The Name in China
In China the family name is usually in front of thegiven name. It isn’t unusual for a man to introducehimself by his family name with given name even incasual situationsbecause there are more than abillion given names. The Chinese given name has ahistory of changing with popularity depending on what events were going on. For instance,during the Cultural Revolution Hong (the color red) was very popular as it presentsrevolution. During the reform and opening up in the 1980s, Zhifu became one given name asit means “getting rich”.
2、太极拳
原文：太极拳(Taijiquan)是一种中国武术内家拳(the internalstyles of Chinese martial art)。
它基于以柔克刚(thesoft overcoming the hard)的原理，发端于中国古代，最开始是一种武术和自卫方式。
随着时间的推移，人们开始通过练太极拳来改善健康状况、增加福祉(well-being)。
练习者用意念慢慢地、轻轻地移动身体, 同时深呼吸，因此有时被称为移动冥想(meditation)。
中国人通常会在清晨到附近的公园练习太极拳。
参考译文：Taijiquan
Taijiquan is one of the internal styles of Chinesemartial art. It is based on the principle of the softovercoming the hard and originated in ancient Chinaas a martial art and a means of self-defense. Overtime, people began to exercise it to improve theirhealth and well-being. Practicers move their bodies slowly，gently and with thought whilebreathing deeply，so it is sometimes referred to as “moving meditation”.Chinese commonlypractice Taijiquan in nearby parks in early morning.
3、中医
原文：中医（Chinese medicine）是世界医学的遗产。
中医有比西方医学更好的治病方法。
因为中医的效果和医治方式，在世界上中医现在越来越流行了。
中医起源于古代，巳经发展了很长一段时间，它收集了治疗不同疾病的各种方法。
传统中医讲究人们身体系统的平衡。
这是说，一旦人的身体系统平衡，疾病就会消失。
身体系统的损害是疾病的根源。
参考译文：Chinese Medicine
Chinese medicine is a heritage of world medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine has a power to heal people better than the western ones. China medicine now is more and more popular in the world due to its effect and its way to heal people. Originated from the ancient time，the Chinese medicine has developed in a long time and it has collected various ways to treat different illness. The traditional Chinese medicine pays attention to the balance the body system of people. It is said that once the system of people is in balance, the illness will disappear. The damage of the body system is the source of disease.
4、送礼
原文：在中国，赠送礼物应考虑具体情况和场合。
礼物常用红色或其他喜庆的颜色(festive color)来包装，但白色或黑色不适宜用于此。
当你将礼物递出去时，收礼者(recipient)可能会礼貌谢绝。
在情况下试着将礼物再-次送出去。
通常收礼者在客人离开之后才打开礼物。
此外，送礼还有—些禁忌(taboo)如给夫妻送伞就不合适，因为中文里“伞”与“散”同音。
参考译文：Presenting Gifts
In China, we should consider the specific situation and occasion when presenting gifts. The gifts are usually packaged in red or other festive colors. But white and black and not suitable in the packaging. When you offer the gift, the recipient may refuse it politely. In this case, you could try to offer the present once again. Usually, the recipient won’t open the gift until the guest leaves. In addition, there are some taboos in giving gifts. For example, it is inappropriate to present an umbrella as a gift to a couple because the word “umbrella”has the same pronunciation with another word "separate" in Chinese.
5、文明
原文：现代人类约公元前50000年第一次从中亚或印度来到中国。
这些石器时代(Stone Age)的人，居住在洞穴中，穿着毛皮。
公元前4000年左右，这些人开始种植水稻，并饲养羊和鸡。
约公元前3000年，他们开始使用陶器(pottery)并住在房子里。
到公元前2000年，中国人已进入青铜时代(Bronze Age)，并开始用于写字。
约公元前700年，中国的金属工人学会制作铁器工具和武器。
参考译文：Civilization
Modem humans first came to China from Central Asia or India about 50,000 BC. These were Stone Age people, who lived in caves and wore fur and leather. By around 4,000 BC, these people were starting to farm rice and keep sheep and chickens. By about 3,000 BC, they were using pottery and living in houses. By 2,000 BC，Chinese people had entered the Bronze Age and had begun to use writing. By about 700 BC，Chinese metal-workers learned to make iron tools and weapons.
6、七夕节
原文：自上世纪90年代后期起，七夕节(the Double SeventhFestival )开始被称为“中国的情人节”。
这个节日可以追溯到汉朝，当时对恋人、女孩都是个特殊的日子。
这天，女孩会举行仪式，向织女(Zhinv)乞求智慧、技艺和美满婚姻，所以七夕节还被称为“乞巧节(the Begging for SkillsFestival)”。
如今，一些传统习俗已经弱化。
人们现在把七夕节当作浪漫的情人节来庆祝，尤其是在年轻人中间。
参考译文：The Double Seventh Festival
The Double Seventh Festival has been called Chinese Valentine’s Day since the late 1990s. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. It was then a special day not only for lovers, but also for girls.Girls would hold a ceremony to beg Zhinv for wisdom, skills and a satisfying marriage. So it is also called “the Begging for Skills Festival”.Today some traditional customs have been weakened. Now the festival is celebrated as a romantic valentine’s day, particularly among young people.
2016年6月英语四级翻译预测：社会现象
英语四级翻译中也会有些社会现象相关的翻译主题，以一种更为客观的口吻更容易博得阅卷老师的好感，下面，就看一看这些有关社会现象的四级翻译预测题及其参考译文。
1、中国城市化
原文：中国城市化(urbanization)将会充分释放潜在内需(domestic demand)。
一些经济学家指出，在中国几乎所有的发展中城市都面临着城市化的进程。
这使得许多人的生活水平有所提高，也为人们提供更多的就业机会。
随着越来越多的人向城市迁徙，住房及城市基础设施建设(infrastructure construction),包括水源等能源的供应将会成为城市发展的焦点问题。
商品与服务的自由、快速流通是城市化社会的一项基本特征。
逐渐扩张的城市需要更多的零售店来满足消费者的需求。
参考译文：Urbanization
China’s urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand. Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country. It will lead to a better quality of life for many people，and provide individuals with more job opportunities. The construction of housing and city infrastructure, including water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban development as more people migrate to cities. Urbanization means better access to educational and medical resources in the city. But it also predicts less use of personal vehicles and more use of public transportation. The fast, free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society. Expanding cities require more retail outlets to serve customers.
2、全球变暖
原文：目前，全球变暖是一个热门话题，但是有关全球变暖的各项证据似乎还有些不同的声
音。
人们现在已经知道，地球的发展经历了很多周期(cycle),尽管在历史上还未出现过像今天这样的时代，即高度工业化(industrialization)产生如此多的污染。
全球变暖主要是由于二氧化碳气体(carbon dioxide)的增多。
参考译文：Global warming
Global warming is the hot topic around the world at this time but, there is also dissention about the evidence being presented to support the argument. The earth is known to go through cycles; although the past has never produced an age of so much industrialization causing the pollution currently being experienced. A major source of the problem is the increase in carbon dioxide levels.
3、公平教育
原文：为了促进教育公平，中国已经投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和加强中西部地区农村义务教育。
这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学收益。
资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。
现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。
一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。
参考译文：Equity in education
In order to promote equity in education, China has invested 36 billion yuan for the improvement of educational facilities in rural areas and strengthening of rural compulsory education Midwest. These funds were used to improve the teaching facilities, purchase of books, so that more than 160,000 primary and secondary income. Funds are also used to purchase music and painting equipment. Now children in rural and mountainous areas with children’s coastal cities like music and painting lessons. Some receive a better education for the city school students now transferred back to the local rural schools now.
4、新法规
原文：这周颁布的一项新法律要求子女必须经常探望年龄超过60岁的父母，并确保他们经济和精神上的需求得到满足。
星期二，新华社报导了_条新闻，来自江苏市无锡市的一位77岁的老太太起诉她的女儿忽略她。
这是新法律生效后的第一起案件，当地法院规定她的女儿至少每月探望母亲两次，并提供财力支持。
但是这项法律引发了争议。
有人说这给了那些因为工作、学习或者其他原因搬离家乡的人更多压力。
参考译文：A New National Law
A new national law introduced this week requires the offspring of parents older than 60 to visit their parents “frequently”and make sure their financial and spiritual needs are met. On Tuesday, Xinhua reported a news that a 77-year-old woman from Jiangsu city of Wuxi sued her daughter for neglecting her. In the first case after the new law came into effect, the local court ruled that her daughter must visit her at least twice a month and provide financial support. But the law’s
introduction has proved controversial. Some say it puts too much pressure on those who move away from home for work, study or other opportunities.
5、整容
原文：对于一名女子来说，传统美是她的唯一标志。
她的皮肤应该天生丽质，没有皱纹，没有疤痕，没有瑕疵。
她的身材应该消瘦苗条，通常高挑个，双腿修长，其中青春年少则是首要条件。
所有在电视广告中出现的“花容月貌”的靓女都符合这个标准。
这种形象是人为的，是可以人工塑造的。
许多妇女尽其所能来摆布和修改自己的容貌体态。
参考译文：Plastic Surgery
To a woman,the traditional beauty is her only mark.Her skin should be born smooth without wrinkles,scars or flaws.Her body should be slim and thin,and usually she is tall,having long legs.The youth is the primary condition.All of the beauties who have showed up in the TV commercials are fit for that criterion.This image is artificial and can be made by people.Many women do their best to decorate and modify their looks and figures.
6、空巢老人
原文：通常情况下，“空巢老人(emptynester)”是指子女离家后的中老年人。
如今，随着社会老龄化程度的加深，空巢老人越来越多，已经成为～个不容忽视的社会问题(social issue)。
同时它也导致了另一个问题——家庭空巢综合征(syndrome)的产生，是指当子女由于工作、学习、结婚等原因而离家后，独守空巢的中老年人因此而产生的心理失调症状。
参考译文：The Emptynester
Typically, "empty nester" refers to the middle-aged and elderly people whose children have left home．Nowadays, along with the advance of aging of the society, there are more and more empty nesters, which have become a social issue that cannot be ignored．At the same time, it also leads another problem--empty nest syndrome--a psychological disorder the middle-aged and elderly people suffered, which is caused by the absence of their children who move out of home due to work, study, marriage and so on．
2016年6月英语四级翻译预测：餐饮文化
中国历来“民以食为天”，从古至今，“食”从来都被摆在重要的位置，四级翻译也不例外，曾有一年，“火锅”翻译题难倒了一片人，因此，餐饮文化主题的四级翻译题不可小觑。
1、八大菜系
原文：中国一个幅员辽阔、资源丰富、历史悠久的多民族国家，每个民族都有其独特的丰富菜肴。
地域菜系在地理环境、气候、文化传统、民族风俗和其他因素的影响下经过悠久历史的发展已经成形。
最有影响力、最具代表性的是鲁、川、粵、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽菜系，这八种被人们称为“八大菜系”。
中国的“八大菜系”是以多种多样的烹饪方法区分的，各有
其长处。
参考译文：Eight Major Cuisines
China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes. Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors. The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”. Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines”in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points.
2、中国茶文化
原文：中国是一个文化历史悠久的(time-honored)国度，也是一个礼仪(ceremony anddecorum)之邦。
每当客人来访，都需要泡茶给客人喝。
在给客人奉茶之前，你应该问问他们都喜欢喝什么类型的茶，并采用最合适的茶具奉上。
奉茶期间，主人需要仔细留意客人的茶杯里的茶量。
通常，若是用茶杯泡的茶，在茶喝完一半之后就应该加开水，这样，茶杯就一直都是满的，茶的芳香(bouquet)也得以保留。
参考译文：Chinese Tea Culture
China is a country with a time-honored civilization and also a land of ceremony and decorum．Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them．Before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy, and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups．In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water remains in the guests’cups．Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup,boiling water should be added into the cup when half of the tea in it has been consumed; and thus the cup is kept filled and the tea retains the same bouquet．
3、功夫茶
原文：功夫茶(Gongfu tea)不是一种茶叶或茶的名字，而是一种冲泡的手艺。
人们叫它功夫茶，足因为这种泡茶方式十分讲究：它的操作过程需要一定的技术，以及泡茶和品茶的知识和技能。
功夫茶起源于宋朝，在广东的潮州府(今潮汕地区)一带最为盛行，后来在全国各地流行。
功夫茶以浓度(concentration)高著称。
制作功夫茶主要使用的茶叶足乌龙茶(Oolongtea),因为它能满足功夫茶色、香、味的要求。
参考译文：Gongfu tea
Gongfu tea is not one kind of tea or the name of tea,but a skill of making tea.People call it Gongfu tea for the reason of its exquisite process. The operational procedures require certain techniques, knowledge and skill of brewing and tasting tea. Gongfu tea originated in the Song Dynasty and prevailed mostly in Chaozhou Guangdong Province(Now: Chaoshan Area). It later became popular around the nation. Gongfu tea is famous for its high concentration. Oolong tea is
mainly used in making the Gongfu tea because it can meet the requirements of color, flavor and taste of the Gongfu tea.
4、筷子
原文：筷子(chopsticks)是中国古人发明的一种具有鲜明民族特色的进食工具(tableware)，是反映中国饮食文化特色的重要组成部分。
中国人使用筷子的历史可追溯到商代，距今已有三千多年。
筷子可谓是中国国粹，既轻巧又灵活，在世界各国餐具中独树一帜，被西方人誉为“东方的文明”。
凡是使用过筷子的人，不论中国人或是外国人，都因其使用方便、物美价廉而赞叹不绝。
参考译文：The Chopsticks
Chopsticks, invented by ancient Chinese people, are a kind of tableware with distinct national features, being an important component that reflects the characteristics of Chinese diet culture．The history of using chopsticks in China dates back to the Shang Dynasty, more than3,000 years ago．Chopsticks, the quintessence of Chinese culture, whose lightness and flexibility develop a school of its own among various tableware all over the world, are praised as "Eastern Civilization" by the westerners．All those people who have ever used chopsticks, no matter Chinese or foreigners, marvel at their convenience, excellent quality and reasonable price．
2016年6月英语四级翻译预测：节日&盛典
英语四级翻译中，也会出现一些节日及盛典等相关主题的翻译，不过其出现频率相比较文化&社会主题较低，故在此为大家提供两篇翻译预测题供大家参考。
1、青奥会
原文：青年奥林匹克运动会是专为全世界青年人设立的综合体育赛事。
第二届夏季青年奥林匹克运动会于2014年8月16日至28日在南京举行。
本届青奥会的口号是“分享青春共筑未来”;寓意全世界青年人在奥林匹克精神感召下，欢聚一堂，相互切磋，相互鼓励，增进友谊，共同成长。
吉祥物创意来自雨花石，意为提倡自然、运动、健康、快乐的生活方式;会徽将南京明城墙城门和江南民居轮廓组合在一起，勾勒出“NANJING”字样，寓意青春之门。
参考译文：Youth Olympic Games
Youth Olympic Games, a comprehensive sports event, is designed for young people all over the world. The second summer youth Olympic Games was held from August 16, 2014 to 28 in Nanjing. Its slogan is "Share the youth, Build the future”, which means the young people around the world in the Olympic spirit, get together and play each other, encourage each other, enhance friendship and grow up together. Its Mascot comes from rain flower stones, advocating a lifestyle of natural, sports, healthy and happy; Its emblem will outline NANJING Ming city wall gate and folk houses together, with the idea of the gate of youth.
2、七夕节
原文：自上世纪90年代后期起，七夕节(the Double Seventh Festival )开始被称为“中国的情人节”。
这个节日可以追溯到汉朝，当时对恋人、女孩都是个特殊的日子。
这天，女孩会举行仪式，向织女(Zhinv)乞求智慧、技艺和美满婚姻，所以七夕节还被称为“乞巧节(the Begging for SkillsFestival)”。
如今，一些传统习俗已经弱化。
人们现在把七夕节当作浪漫的情人节来庆祝，尤其是在年轻人中间。
参考译文：Double Seventh Festival
The Double Seventh Festival has been called Chinese Valentine’s Day since the late 1990s. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. It was then a special day not only for lovers, but also for girls.Girls would hold a ceremony to beg Zhinv for wisdom, skills and a satisfying marriage. So it is also called “the Begging for Skills Festival”.Today some traditional customs have been weakened. Now the festival is celebrated as a romantic valentine’s day, particularly among young people.
2016年6月英语四级翻译预测：现代社会&趋势
英语四级翻译题材除了对传统文化予以重视之外，也将目光放在了现代社会，尤其是有关年轻人的现象。
下面就给到同学一些现代趋势相关的翻译预测。
1、月光族
原文：中国经济的高速发展，带来了消费文化的曰益流行，同时也催生了一批具有高学历，充分享受资本主义消费模式的年轻人，他们习惯于当月工资当月花。
因而被称为“月光族”(the moonlight group)。
“月光族”一词出现于20世纪90年代后期，是用来讽刺那些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化(fast food culture)的年轻人。
参考译文：The moonlight group
China’s economy is developing very quickly, and has brought with it a culture of consumption more prevalent with each passing day. At the same time, it has brought into being an educated group of young people who enjoy capitalist consumption way. They’re used to spending money as soon as they get it every month, and so are called the moon-light group”. This word came into being during the 1990s, to make fun of those born-into wealth，who have received a high education, and who prefer fast food culture.
2、找工作
原文：如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。
造成这一现象的原因如下：首先，大学生把在校的大多数时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。
其次，大学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。
因此，强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。
参考译文：finding a good job
Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.
3、一毕业就结婚
原文：越来越多来自北京、上海、广州、沈阳和其他一些大城市的大学生选择毕业后就结婚。
这与20世纪80年代和90年代的情况形成了鲜明的对比，那时候很多城市的年轻人都推迟结婚，直到他们的年龄“足够大”—在30多岁甚至40多岁的时候。
许多人花时间寻找有着良好的经济背景或好看的相貌的配偶，而不是寻找爱情。
然而，这些选择毕业后就结婚的学生的父母必须照顾这些小夫妻的日常起居，因为这些年轻人仍然在探索如何作为一家人来生活。
参考译文：Getting Married Rigth After Graduating
University students in Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,Shenyang and some other big cities are increasingly choosing to get married right after graduating.This is in sharp contrast to the situation in the 1980s and 1990s when many urban youngsters put off marriage until they were “old enough”一in their 30s or even 40s.Many spent their time looking for spouses with good economic backgrounds or attractive faces,instead of looking for love.However,parents of these students choosing to get married right after graduating have to take care of the couples’daily affairs,as the young people are still figuring out how to live as a family.
4、睡眠紊乱
原文：我们的身体夜晚需要休息，白天需要清醒。
大多数人每晚需要8到8.5个小时的睡眠才能正常运转。
找到更多的时间、更好的睡眠方法可能是个挑战。
科学家已经确认了80多种不同的睡眠紊乱症(sleep disorders)。
有些睡眠紊乱症是遗传的。
但是，许多睡眠紊乱症是由于熬夜，经常跨时区旅行以及上夜班而引起的。
参考译文：Sleep Disorders
Our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day. Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives.Finding ways to get more and better sleep can be a challenge. Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some sleeping disorders are genetic. But many problems are caused by staying up late and by traveling frequently between time zone or by working nights.
5、设计产业的趋势
原文：中国公司想创造世界品牌，外国公司想增加在中国的销量，这些都正改变着中国的设计产业。
中国制造商意识到，若他们想在本国市场脱颖而出，在外国市场崭露头角，就必须设计更好的产品。
索尼这样的外国公司也开始明白，从前海外公司常把随便什么地方设计的产品拿到中国来卖，而现在，中国消费者变得更加挑剔，他们不再那样容易满足了。
参考译文：The Trend of Design Industry
Chinese companies want to create world brands and the foreign companies want to increase the selling in China which all change the Chinese design industry.The Chinese manufacturers realize that they have to design better products if they want to stand out in the domestic markets as well as distinguish themselves in the foreign markets.Previously,the overseas companies always took the products which were designed in somewhere to Chinese market,but now the foreign companies such as Sony begins to realize that the Chinese consumers become more and more fastidious and no longer easy to be satisfied.。
