中考初中英语知识点【用法与特点】复习总结-副本

  • 格式:doc
  • 大小:92.33 KB
  • 文档页数:7

1 2015年中考初中英语知识点:代词

连接代词的用法

1. 连接代词主要包括who, whom, what, which, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever,

whosever 等,它们在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等(但who, whom, whoever 等不用于名词前作定语),主要用于引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句等。如:

Ask him which he wants. 问他要哪一个。(which引导宾语从句)

The question is who can help us. 问题是谁能帮助我们。(who引导表语从句)

What he says sounds reasonable. 他说的话听起来有道理。(what引导主语从句)

2. 关系代词型 what 的用法。

比较下列两句:

I don't know what you like. 我不知道你喜欢什么。

You can get what you like. 你想要什么就可得到什么。

第一句中的 what 表示"什么";第二句中的 what 则具有关系代词的性质,相当于"先行词+关系代词",表示"…所…的一切事或东西",如上面第二句的 what就相当于 everything

that。顺便说一句,如第二句这样用的 what 有时还可后接一个名词。如:

We gave him what (little) help(此处help为名词) we could. 我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助。

3. whatever, whoever与whichever的用法:它们可用于引导主语从句和宾语从句,也可用于引导让步状语从句。如:

Whoever comes will be welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。(whoever引导主语从句)

Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是对的。(whatever引导主语从句)

Whoever you are, you can't enter. 不管你是谁,都不能进去。(whoever引导让步状语从句)

Whichever side wins, I shall be happy. 不管哪边赢,我都会高兴。(whichever引导让步状语从句)

人称代词

定义:人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数(单数、复数)以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)三方面与被指代的名词一致。

如:Tom is a boy, and he(代指第三人称单数Tom) is a student.

Mary is very pretty, and she(代指第三人称单数Mary) likes singing.

The boys are students, and they(代指第三人称复数数The boys) are in the room.

The dog is small. It(代之第三人称单数The dog) is Tom's.

A)人称代词有主格和宾语之分:主格用作主语和表语,宾格用作宾语。

如: I like music(主语). She is a teacher. (主语)

She and I are good friends(主语). Neither she nor I am student.

--I saw the boys this morning.

--Are you sure it was they(表语)?

B) 人称代词的宾格在句子作动词的宾语,或者介词的宾语。

如:I saw him at the party(动词see的宾语).

2 I haven't seen them recently. (动词see的宾语)

I bought a book for them.(作介词for的宾语)

=I bought them a book.(作介词buy的间接宾语)

☆注意:

a.在口语中,人称代词的主格形式作表语时,常常可以用宾格替换。

如:It can't be he/him.

--Is this Mr. Green?

--Yes, this is he/him.

b. 在口语中,当人称代词用于than, as 之后或用于强调句中被强调时,用主格 (较正式) 和宾格 (较口语化) 均可以。

如:He sings better than I/me. 他比我唱得好。

You know more than she/her.

She is as tall as me (me=I am).

c. 单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格,即使它充当的是主语也是如此。如:

"I like English." "Me too=I like English too." "我喜欢英语。""我也喜欢。"

--Who did it?

--Them.(=They did it)

物主代词

定义:

物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语,相当于一个形容词,不能单独使用;名词性物主代词则不能用作定语,相当于一个名词词组,可以单独使用,在句中用作主语、宾语、表语、和介词of连用。如:

Here is my dog. Its name is Tom.(形容词性物主代词its作name的定语)

My sister lost her bicycle. (形容词性物主代词her作bicycle的定语)

Is that coffee yours or hers? (名词性物主代词)

反身代词

1)定义:

如人称代词一致,反身代词的人称和数以及性要和它所指代的名词或代词一致。

2)反身代词的句法功能

反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。用作同位语时,主要用于加强被修饰词的语气,可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。

如:

He himself was a doctor. (同位语) =He was a doctor himself.

She is too young to look after herself. (宾语)

I don't blame you, I blame myself(宾语).

He cut himself when he was cooking. (宾语)

That poor boy was myself.(表语)

那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。

注意:反身代词用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神所处的状态。如:

I'll be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。

He doesn't feel himself today.他今天感觉身体不舒服

3 I'm not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。

这三种代词都有人称(一、二、三人称)的变化、数(单、复数)的变化,以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)的变化。其中,人称代词除了这三种变化外,还有格(主格、宾格)的变化。

物主代词又包括两种形式:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。特别注意:形容词性物主代词its没有相应的名词性物主代词。

英语的相互代词只有each other和one another,它们在句中通常只用作宾语,不能用作主语或状语等。如:

Students should help one another. 学生应该互相帮助。

We have known each other for many years. 我们认识许多年了。

注意:相互代词可以有所有格形式(each other's, one another's)。如:

They often stay in one another's house. 他们常常在彼此的家里住。

另外,有人认为 each other用于两者,one another用于三者,但在现代英语中它们常可换用(即均可用于两者或三者)。

疑问代词

1. 疑问代词即指who, whom, whose, which, what等用于引出特殊疑问句的代词。它们在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。

如:

What did she say? 她怎么说?(what作say的宾语)

Which are our seats? 哪些是我们的座位?(which作表语)

What are you worrying about? 你为什么事烦恼?(what作about的宾语)

注意:1. who和whom 只用作主语、宾语和表语,不用作定语;what, which, whose 则

4 既可用作主语、宾语和表语,也可用作定语。

2. what与 which的用法区别:当选择的范围较明确时,用 which;当选择的范围不明确时,用 what。

如:

Which color do you like, red, black or white? 红色、黑色和白色,你喜欢哪种?

What color is your car? 你的汽车是什么颜色的?

不定代词

1)定义:

不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。

2)种类

英语中不定代词有:some(something,somebody,someone,somewhere),any(anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere), no(nothing,nobody,no one), every(everything,everybody,everyone,everywhere),all,each,both,much,many,(a)little,(a)few,other(s),another,none, one,either, neither等。

不定代词的句法功能

1)作主语,例:

Both(of us) are right. (我们)两人都对。

Either(of the answers) is correct. 两个回答不论哪一个都对。

Neither(of the answers) is correct. 两个回答哪一个都不对。

Is everybody here? 大家都到了吗?

2)作宾语,例:

There is room for all of us. 我们所有的人全坐得下。

He gave two to each(of them). 他给(他们)每人两个。

I like none of the books. 这些书我全不喜欢。

If you have any, give us some. 有的话,给我们一点。