中考初中英语知识点【用法与特点】复习总结-副本
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1 2015年中考初中英语知识点:代词
连接代词的用法
1. 连接代词主要包括who, whom, what, which, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever,
whosever 等,它们在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等(但who, whom, whoever 等不用于名词前作定语),主要用于引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句等。如:
Ask him which he wants. 问他要哪一个。(which引导宾语从句)
The question is who can help us. 问题是谁能帮助我们。(who引导表语从句)
What he says sounds reasonable. 他说的话听起来有道理。(what引导主语从句)
2. 关系代词型 what 的用法。
比较下列两句:
I don't know what you like. 我不知道你喜欢什么。
You can get what you like. 你想要什么就可得到什么。
第一句中的 what 表示"什么";第二句中的 what 则具有关系代词的性质,相当于"先行词+关系代词",表示"…所…的一切事或东西",如上面第二句的 what就相当于 everything
that。顺便说一句,如第二句这样用的 what 有时还可后接一个名词。如:
We gave him what (little) help(此处help为名词) we could. 我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助。
3. whatever, whoever与whichever的用法:它们可用于引导主语从句和宾语从句,也可用于引导让步状语从句。如:
Whoever comes will be welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。(whoever引导主语从句)
Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是对的。(whatever引导主语从句)
Whoever you are, you can't enter. 不管你是谁,都不能进去。(whoever引导让步状语从句)
Whichever side wins, I shall be happy. 不管哪边赢,我都会高兴。(whichever引导让步状语从句)
人称代词
定义:人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数(单数、复数)以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)三方面与被指代的名词一致。
如:Tom is a boy, and he(代指第三人称单数Tom) is a student.
Mary is very pretty, and she(代指第三人称单数Mary) likes singing.
The boys are students, and they(代指第三人称复数数The boys) are in the room.
The dog is small. It(代之第三人称单数The dog) is Tom's.
A)人称代词有主格和宾语之分:主格用作主语和表语,宾格用作宾语。
如: I like music(主语). She is a teacher. (主语)
She and I are good friends(主语). Neither she nor I am student.
--I saw the boys this morning.
--Are you sure it was they(表语)?
B) 人称代词的宾格在句子作动词的宾语,或者介词的宾语。
如:I saw him at the party(动词see的宾语).
2 I haven't seen them recently. (动词see的宾语)
I bought a book for them.(作介词for的宾语)
=I bought them a book.(作介词buy的间接宾语)
☆注意:
a.在口语中,人称代词的主格形式作表语时,常常可以用宾格替换。
如:It can't be he/him.
--Is this Mr. Green?
--Yes, this is he/him.
b. 在口语中,当人称代词用于than, as 之后或用于强调句中被强调时,用主格 (较正式) 和宾格 (较口语化) 均可以。
如:He sings better than I/me. 他比我唱得好。
You know more than she/her.
She is as tall as me (me=I am).
c. 单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格,即使它充当的是主语也是如此。如:
"I like English." "Me too=I like English too." "我喜欢英语。""我也喜欢。"
--Who did it?
--Them.(=They did it)
物主代词
定义:
物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语,相当于一个形容词,不能单独使用;名词性物主代词则不能用作定语,相当于一个名词词组,可以单独使用,在句中用作主语、宾语、表语、和介词of连用。如:
Here is my dog. Its name is Tom.(形容词性物主代词its作name的定语)
My sister lost her bicycle. (形容词性物主代词her作bicycle的定语)
Is that coffee yours or hers? (名词性物主代词)
反身代词
1)定义:
如人称代词一致,反身代词的人称和数以及性要和它所指代的名词或代词一致。
2)反身代词的句法功能
反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。用作同位语时,主要用于加强被修饰词的语气,可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。
如:
He himself was a doctor. (同位语) =He was a doctor himself.
She is too young to look after herself. (宾语)
I don't blame you, I blame myself(宾语).
He cut himself when he was cooking. (宾语)
That poor boy was myself.(表语)
那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
注意:反身代词用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神所处的状态。如:
I'll be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。
He doesn't feel himself today.他今天感觉身体不舒服
3 I'm not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。
这三种代词都有人称(一、二、三人称)的变化、数(单、复数)的变化,以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)的变化。其中,人称代词除了这三种变化外,还有格(主格、宾格)的变化。
物主代词又包括两种形式:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。特别注意:形容词性物主代词its没有相应的名词性物主代词。
英语的相互代词只有each other和one another,它们在句中通常只用作宾语,不能用作主语或状语等。如:
Students should help one another. 学生应该互相帮助。
We have known each other for many years. 我们认识许多年了。
注意:相互代词可以有所有格形式(each other's, one another's)。如:
They often stay in one another's house. 他们常常在彼此的家里住。
另外,有人认为 each other用于两者,one another用于三者,但在现代英语中它们常可换用(即均可用于两者或三者)。
疑问代词
1. 疑问代词即指who, whom, whose, which, what等用于引出特殊疑问句的代词。它们在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
如:
What did she say? 她怎么说?(what作say的宾语)
Which are our seats? 哪些是我们的座位?(which作表语)
What are you worrying about? 你为什么事烦恼?(what作about的宾语)
注意:1. who和whom 只用作主语、宾语和表语,不用作定语;what, which, whose 则
4 既可用作主语、宾语和表语,也可用作定语。
2. what与 which的用法区别:当选择的范围较明确时,用 which;当选择的范围不明确时,用 what。
如:
Which color do you like, red, black or white? 红色、黑色和白色,你喜欢哪种?
What color is your car? 你的汽车是什么颜色的?
不定代词
1)定义:
不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。
2)种类
英语中不定代词有:some(something,somebody,someone,somewhere),any(anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere), no(nothing,nobody,no one), every(everything,everybody,everyone,everywhere),all,each,both,much,many,(a)little,(a)few,other(s),another,none, one,either, neither等。
不定代词的句法功能
1)作主语,例:
Both(of us) are right. (我们)两人都对。
Either(of the answers) is correct. 两个回答不论哪一个都对。
Neither(of the answers) is correct. 两个回答哪一个都不对。
Is everybody here? 大家都到了吗?
2)作宾语,例:
There is room for all of us. 我们所有的人全坐得下。
He gave two to each(of them). 他给(他们)每人两个。
I like none of the books. 这些书我全不喜欢。
If you have any, give us some. 有的话,给我们一点。