英国文学史第一章知识点

一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类: pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、代表作: The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration 押头韵(写作手法)例子: of man was the mildest and most beloved,To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise、二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)Canto 诗章1、romance 传奇文学2、代表作: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士与绿衣骑士) 就是一首押头韵的长诗三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里、乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体:a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作:the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)大致内容:the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups、朝圣者都就是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层与社会团体小说特点:each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character、这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事,无形中表明了各自的观点,展示了各自的性格。

English Literature 英国文学史笔记The Development of English LiteratureFrom the academic angle, English literature can be divided into seven periods:1. Early and Medieval English literature;2. The English Renaissance;3. The 17th C. – The Period of Revolution and Restoration;4. The 18th Century –The Age of Enlightenment5. Romanticism in England in the 1st half of the 19th century;6. The Victorian Age;7. The 20th Century Literature –Modernism and Post-ModernismChapter1 Literature of Old and Medieval Period(449—1485)1) Anglo-Saxon Period /Old English Period (449-1066)The main literary contribution of this period is the Epic, and its masterpiece is the national epic The Song of Beowulf, which is a long poem of 3182 lines about the deeds of the Teutonic (条顿)hero Beowulf in the 6th century. It is the oldest poem in the English language and the oldest surviving epic in Anglo-Saxon literature.2）The Anglo-Norman Period /Middle English Period (1066-1485)The literature of this period is greatly influenced by the Norman Conquest (1066). After the conquest, the customs and ideals known as chivalry was introduced by the Normans into England and can be reflected in literature, such as the knightly code, the romantic interest in women , tenderness and reverence paid to Virgin Mary etc.. The prevailing form of literature in the Feudal England was Romance (传奇，骑士文学).The most famous Romance was Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.㈠Definitions of Literary Terms1. Couplet(对句): a couplet is two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme.2. Iambic pentameter: each line has five feet of iambs; in each foot, there is an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.3.Heroic Couplet(英雄偶句／双韵体): two consecutive lines of rhymed poetry in iambic pentameter. (an iambic pentameter couplet). The form was introduced into English by Geoffrey Chaucer and was widely used subsequently, reaching a height of popularity in the works of Alexander Pope.4. Blank Verse(无韵体，素体诗): unrhymed iambic pentameter.5. Epic(史诗): A long narrative poem on the adventures and great deeds of heroes.6. Frame story: a narrative that provides the framework within which a number of different stories, which may or may not be connected, can be told. (The Canterbury Tales isa collection of stories in a frame story)7. Romance: A tale in verse, embodying the life and adventures of knights. The content of Romance was usually about love, chivalry and religion.㈡Geoffrey Chaucer (about1340—1400) 杰弗里•乔叟“The Founder (Father) of English poetry‖A Londoner of bourgeois origin, the most important and influential poet in medieval England, established English as a courtly language. Geoffrey’s Chaucer’s works are often categorized in three chronological periods (the French period, the Italian period and the English period).Ⅰ.Chaucer’s Contributions①. He introduced from French the ―heroic couplet‖ to English poetry.②. He is the first important poet to write in the current English language.③. Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the foundation for modern English language.Ⅱ.Geoffrey Chaucer’s famous work :The Canterbury Tales (1387—1400)《坎特伯雷集》an unfinished series of stories told by a group of pilgrims(about 29), who came from all layers of society(a knight, a prioress, a plowman, a merchant, a clerk, the wife from Bath, etc.), journeying from London to the shrine of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury. ―The General Prologue‖ told us Chaucer intended that each pilgrim should tell two tales on the way to Canterbury and two tales on the way back. But Chaucer had actually completed only 23 stories.Scholars are uncertain about the order of the tales, and The Canterbury Tales has been passed down in several handwritten manuscripts.Ⅲ. Other works:1)The French period (to 1372): Book of Duchess (1369) 《公爵夫人之书》2)The Italian period (1372—1385): House of Fame (1379—1384) 《声誉之宫》The Parliament of Fowls (1377—1382) 《百鸟会议》The Legend of Good Women 《贤妇传说》Troilus and Criseyde (1382—1385) 《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》3)The English period (1387—1400): The Canterbury Tales (1387—1400) Chapter 2 Literature of English Renaissance（1485—1616）The Renaissance as a cultural movement embraced all Western Europe roughly from the 14th century to the 17th century. It first sprang in Florence of Italy and then spread to the rest of Europe (to Germany and Spain and England). ―Renaissance‖, French for ―rebirth‖, refers to the revival of interest in ancient Roman and Greek culture.During this period, the classical arts and learning were discovered again and widely studied , so the term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical (Roman and Greek) arts and learning after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism , it also marked the beginning of bourgeois revolution .In the Renaissance period, scholars and educators called themselves humanists and began to emphasize the capacities of the human mind and the achievements of human culture, in contrast to the medieval emphasis on God and contempt for the things of this world. So humanism became the keynote of the English Renaissance. And the greatest humanist is Thomas More, the author of Utopia. The representatives in literature are Shakespeare and Bacon. The former has the greatest contribution in drama an d sonnets while the latter’s essays are condensed and witty.代表人物：1) Thomas More（1478—1535）托马斯•莫尔Utopia 乌托邦2) Thomas Wyatt 托马斯•怀亚特He introduced sonnet into English literature引入十四行诗的第一人sonnet(十四行诗)：form of poetry intricately rhymed(间隔押韵) in 14 lines iambic pentameter3) Edmund Spenser（1522—1599）埃德蒙•斯宾塞“the poet’s poet”(诗人中的诗人) English poet whose long allegorical poem(寓言性浪漫史诗) The Faerie Queene 《仙后》is one of the greatest in the English language. It was written in what cameto be called the Spenserian stanza.Spenserian stanza：A nine-line stanza with the following rhyme scheme: ababbcbcc. The first eight lines are written in iambic pentameter. The last line is written in iambic hexameter4) Christopher Marlowe （1564—1593）克里斯托弗•马洛“the most gifted writer of the University Wits”“the forerunner of English drama”“The Father of English Tragedy” (one-man tragedy) The greatest pioneer of English drama who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.blank verse(无韵体：不押韵的五步抑扬格) 是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。

一、The Anglo-Saxon Period (449-1066)The literature：Two divisions: pagan and ChristianThe Song of Beowulf：the events which took place on the Continent at the beginning of the 6th Century，The poem tells of a hero, a Scandinavian prince named Beowulf, who rids the Danes of the monster Grendel, half man and half fiend, and Grendel's mother, who comes that evening to avenge Grendel's death. Fifty years later Beowulf, now king of his native land, fights a dragon who has devastated his people. Both Beowulf and the dragon are mortally wounded in the fight. The poem ends with Beowulf's funeral.Theme：the primitive people’s struggle against hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.二、The Anglo-Norman Period(1066-1350)The Literature：The literature which they brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure (Romance), in marked contrast with the strength and somberness(朴实无华)of Anglo-Saxon poetry (Epic).Explanation of Sir Gawain and Green Knight：Two motifs〔主题〕1.The test of faith, courage, purity2.The test of human weakness for self-preservation三、Geoffrey Chaucer(1340?-1400〕Characteristics①His allegories and symbols are already tinged with realistic images②Chaucer’s poem is distinguished for its profound delineation of character and truthful description of human relations.The Canterbury Tales：The Host (Harry Baily) proposes a storytelling contest to pass the time; each of the 30 pilgrims (including the poet) is to tell four tales on the round trip.Major Work:1.The Legend of Good Women好女人的故事 2.The House of Fame声誉殿堂3.The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集 4.Troilus and Cressida特洛伊勒斯和克莱西5.The Parliament of Fowls百鸟会议四、The Renaissance〔16th Century〕Two features：1.A thirsting curiosity for classical literature. 2.The keen interest in life and human activities.1.William Shakespeare(1564-1616)Three Periods of his Dramatic Career and its characteristics(1)the years from 1590 to 1600,are characterized from a degree by formal and rather obvious construction and by stylized verse to highly individualized.Comedies: 1)The Merchant of Vince, 威尼斯商人2)A Midsummer Night’s Dream,仲夏夜之梦Twelfth Night,第十二夜3)As You Like It.〔皆大欢喜〕4)The Comedy of Errors, 5)The Merry Wives of Window, the years from 1601 to 1608,the most profound of his works. Tragedies:1)Hamlet哈姆雷特2)King Lear李尔王3) Macbeth麦克白4) Othello奥赛罗5)Romeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱丽叶6) Timon of Athens.(雅典的泰门〕the period from 1609-1612,principal romantic tragicomedies.The Themes of Hamlet：new themes:1.the impossibility of certainty; 2.the complexity of action;3the mystery of death;4.its exploration into man’s inner world, into human psychology through a series of soliloquy〔自言自语，独白〕.Traditional aspects of Themes ：1.Hesitation:2. Inherited Sin and Corruption(人生而有罪和堕落):3. Sons Seeking Revenge 4. Deception: Deception makes up a major motif in Hamlet. 5. Ambition6. Loyalty:7. Madness8.Empty ExistenceFeatures of Shakespeare’s Drama ：1). one of the founders of realism in world lit. 2) Skilled in many poetic forms .3). A great master of the English languagePetrarchan sonnet :The octave is eight lines long, and typically follows a rhyme scheme of ABBAABBA, or ABBACDDC.The sestet occupies the remaining six lines of the poem, and typically follows a rhyme scheme of CDCDCD, or CDECDE.Shakespearean sonnet:ABAB CDCD EFEF GG The sonnet 18,16The Spencerian Sonnet:ABAB BCBC CDCD EE On His Blindness2.Francis Bacon(1561-1626)Major works:1)Advancement of Learning学术的进展2)New Instrument新工具3)New Atlantis 新大西岛; 4)Essays随笔(Of Truth; Of Friendship; Of Studies论学习; Of Wisdom for a Man’s Self)五、The Period of Revolution & Restoration 〔17th Century)Literary characteristics:Confusion; Absence of any fixed standard of literary criticism;1.John Donne (1572-1631)Metaphysical poetsA Valediction: forbidding mourningTheme:Real, complete love unites not only the bodies of a husband and wife but also their souls. Such spiritual love is transcendent, metaphysical, keeping the lovers together intellectually and spiritually even though the circumstances of everyday life may separate their bodies. Imagery:The circle 1. Marriage ring 2. Path of the planets 3. Path described by a compassThe compass Planetary trepidation Earthquakes The gold Valuable, noble, difficult to destroy Three kinds of poets.Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人), Cavalier poet(保皇派诗人),the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).Literary term: Metaphysical poetry(玄学派诗歌)2.John Milton (1608-1674) An English Poet1)Paradise Lost (masterpiece)《失乐园》2)Paradise Regained《复乐园》3)Samson Agonistes 《力士参孙》4)Lycidas 《利西达斯》5) Areopagitica 《论出版自由》6)On the Morning of Christ’s Nativity《基督诞生晨颂》7)L’Allegro《快乐的人》8)Of Reformation in England 《论英国改革》9)Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce《离婚的戒律与学说》10)Penseroso《幽思的人》11)Comus 《科玛斯》Paradise Lost:It is about Satan’s rebellion against God and the expulsion(驱逐) of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden.Theme :The theme of the poem is a revolt against God’s authorityOn His Blindness:theme:God judges humans on whether they labor for Him to the best of their ability.六、The Age of Enlightenment in England 〔The 18th Century〕1.Daniel Defoe:The father of the English fiction(英国小说之父〕Major works:1)The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe 《鲁滨逊漂流记》2)Captain Singleton 《辛格顿船长》3)Moll Flanders 《摩尔·弗兰德斯》4)A Journal of the Plague Year 《大疫年日记》5) Roxana 《罗克萨娜》THE ADVENTURES OF ROBINSON CRUSOETheme:the power of the average man to preserve life and to organize economy in the face of unpromising environment.2.Jonathan Swift(1667-1745)One of the greatest masters of English prose;十八世纪杰出的政治家和讽刺小说家Major Works：1)A Tale of a Tub 《一个木桶的故事》2)Battle of the Books 《书籍之战》3)Journal to Stella 《给斯黛拉的信》4)The Drapier’s Letters《布商的信》5)A Modest Proposal 《一个温和的建议》Gulliver’s Travels 《格列佛游记》：Lilliput 小人国Brobdingnag 大人国Flying Island 飞岛国Houyhnhnm 马岛国Swift style :simple, clear, vigorous language;direct and precise prose;a master satirist;deadly(非常有效的) irony;powerful satire.3.Robert Burns(1759-1796):Scottish poet and writer of traditional Scottish folk songs.1)A Red Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰2) Auld Longn Syne 往昔时光3)John Anderson,My Jo 约翰爱德生，我的爱人4)A Man’s a Man for A That不管那一套5) My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心在那高原上七、The 19th RomanticHistory Background:(1).Industrial Revolution and French Revolution had a strong influence in Britain literature.(2)Fighting for “Liberty, Equality and Fraternity〞also becomes British national spirit.1.William Wordsworth(1770-1850)与Samuel Taylor Coleridge,Robert Southey 同被称为Lake Poets(湖畔诗人〕Characteristics:Wordsworth’s poetry is distinguished by purity and simplicity of his language which was spoken by the peasants who convey their feelings and emotions in simple and unelaborated〔坦率的〕expressions.Major Work:Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey“丁登寺杂咏〞Wandered Lonely as a Cloud “我独自漫游像一朵浮云〞The Prelude序曲The Excursion 远足Lyrical Balas 抒情歌谣集The Solitary Reaper〞“孤独的收割者〞2.George Gordon Byron(1788-1824))he is one of the most excellent representatives of English Romanticism and one of the most influential poets of the time.Major works:1) Hours of Idleness (1807)《闲暇时刻》2)The English Bards and Scott Reviewers (1809)《英国诗人和苏格兰评论家》3)Child Harold Pilgrimage (1st two cantos1812, the later cantos 1816-1818) 《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》written in Spenserian stanza.4) The Giaour 《异教徒》5) Lara (1814)《莱拉》6)The Corsair (1814)《海盗》7) Don Juan (1819-1824)《唐璜》masterpiece8) The Vision of Judgment 《审判的幻景》9)Cain 该隐10〕She walks in Beauty 她走在美的光影里The characteristic of his poems:Byron’s poems show energy and vigor, romantic daring (bold, brave) and powerful passion.3.Persy Bysshe Shelly :one of the major English Romantic poets.Major works:1) Zastrozzi, 《柴斯特罗齐》2) The Necessity of Atheism, 《无神论的必要性》3) Queen Mab, 《仙后麦布》4) Prometheus Unbound,《解放了的普罗米修斯》5) “The Odes to the West Wind〞,“西风颂6) The Masque of Anarchy, 《暴政的行列》7) A Defence of Poetry, 《诗之辩护》8) The Triumph of Life, 《革命的胜利行列》4.John Keats“Beauty is truth, truth beauty〞.Major works:1)“O Solitude〞,“孤寂〞2)“On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer〞,“初读查普曼译荷马史诗〞3)Poems，《诗集》，his first book. 4)Endymion,《恩底弥翁》his first long poem.5)Isabella,《伊莎贝拉》6)Hyperion,《许佩里翁》7)Lamia，《莱米亚》.The great odes: (1)On a Grecian Urn，“希腊古瓮颂〞.(2)To Psyche，“心灵颂〞.(3)On Melancholy，“哀感〞.(4)To Autumn，“秋颂〞.The characteristic of his poetry, characterized by exact and closely-knit construction, sensual descriptions, and by force of imagination, gives transcendental values to the physical beauty of the world.5.Jane Austin:one of the realistic novelists.Major works:Northanger Abbey《诺桑觉寺》Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》Mansfield Park 《曼斯菲尔德花园》.Emma《爱玛》Persuasion《劝告》The characteristic of her novel:1〕She drew vivid and realistic pictures of everyday life of the country society 2〕main concern is about human beings in their personal relations, human beings with their families and neighbors3〕Stories of love and marriagePride and Prejudice：Main idea:The book mainly tells the love story between a rich, proud young man Darcy and the beautiful and intelligent Elizabeth Bennet. None of the daughters of the wealthy family can inheritthe estate (property) of the family for it has been entailed (把遗产留给) upon the nearest male heir, William Collins. Collins intends to marry and he decides to choose Elizabeth. But Elizabeth rejects his proposal. When another young man called Darcy proposes to Elizabeth, she has prejudice against him because she thinks that he has nothing but pride. After many twists and turns, misunderstanding disappears and they are happily united.Theme:1)pride and prejudice2)love and marriage八、The Victorian AgeThe Mainly three kinds of literature and its characteristics1)the Chartist literature 2)English Critical Realism 3)Victorian poetry1.Charles DickensMajor works: 1)Oliver Twist 《雾都孤儿》2)The Pickwick Papers«匹克威克外传»3)Great Expectations «远大前程» 4)David Copperfield «大卫·科波菲尔»5)Bleak House «荒凉山庄»6)Hard Times «艰难时世»7〕Little Dorrit «小杜丽»8〕A Tale of Two Cities «双城记» 9〕Dombey and Son (1847-1848)«董贝父子»10〕Our Mutual Friend «我们的共同朋友»11〕American Notes «美国札记»2.Charlotte Bronte:1)Anne Bronte(1820—1849) Agnes Grey,《安格尼斯·格雷》The Tenant of the Wildfell Hall《王尔德费尔庄园的佃户》Jane Eyre,《简爱》Themes :Love Versus Autonomy2)Emily Bronte(1818—1848) Wuthering Heights,《呼啸山庄》The theme of the novel: a full human life (完美人生) in a capitalist society was impossible of attainment (达到).They were all talented writers and all of them died young.3.Alfred,Lord TennysonMajor works:1).In Memoriam 《悼念》2). Poems, Chiefly Lyrical 《抒情诗集》3). Poems (two volumes) 《诗集》4). The Princess 《公主》5). Maud 《毛黛》6). The Idylls of the King 《国王叙事集》7. Poems by Two Brothers《哥俩集》4.Robert BrowningMajor works :1)“Home-Thoughts, from Abroad〞2)《异域乡思》“Meeting at Night〞《深夜幽会》“Parting at Morning〞《清晨离别》。

《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. Romance （名词解释）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story4. Ballad（名词解释，歌谣，民谣）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释,英雄偶句诗)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene”13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。

英国文学史知识点 Revised by BETTY on December 25,2020一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类： pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、代表作： The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》 ( national epic 民族史诗 ) 采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法）例子： of man was the mildest and most beloved,To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)Canto 诗章1、romance 传奇文学2、代表作： Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事 (英国文学史的开端)大致内容：the pilgrims arepeople from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character.这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。

Part One: Early and Medieval English Literature1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. Romance （名词解释）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story4. Ballad（名词解释）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)Part Two: The English Renaissance8. The Authorized Version of English Bible and its significance（填空选择）9. Renaissance（名词解释）10.Thomas More——Utopia11. Sonnet（名词解释）12. Blank verse（名词解释）13. Edmund Spenser“The Faerie Queene”; Amoretti (collec tion of his sonnets)Spenserian Stanza（名词解释）14. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）15. Christopher Marlowe (“Doctor Faustus” and his achievements)16. William Shakespeare可以说是英国文学史中最重要的作家，一定要看熟了。

考研英国文学复习要点（参照教材刘炳善《英国文学简史》）解析Part One: Early and Medieval English Literature1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. Romance （名词解释）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story4. Ballad（名词解释）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)Part Two: The English Renaissance8. The Authorized Version of English Bible and its significance （填空选择）9. Renaissance（名词解释）10.Thomas More——Utopia11. Sonnet（名词解释）12. Blank verse（名词解释）13. Edmund Spenser“The Faerie Queene”; Amoretti (collec tion of his sonnets) Spenserian Stanza（名词解释）14. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）15. Christopher Marlowe (“Doctor Faustus” and his achievements)16. William Shakespeare可以说是英国文学史中最重要的作家，一定要看熟了。

英国文学史知识点英国文学的历史就像一场漫长而精彩的旅程，充满了各种有趣的故事和令人惊叹的作品。

咱们先来说说乔叟吧，这位老兄在 14 世纪就开始崭露头角啦。

他的《坎特伯雷故事集》那可是相当有名。

想象一下，一群来自不同阶层、有着不同性格和经历的人，一起踏上朝圣之路，一路上互相讲故事。

这场景，是不是有点像咱们现在的旅行团，大家凑一块儿分享自己的经历？乔叟就通过这些故事，展现了当时社会的各种风貌，有贵族的奢华生活，也有平民的艰苦日子。

到了文艺复兴时期，那更是群星璀璨。

比如说莎士比亚，这位大神简直就是英国文学史上的超级巨星！他的戏剧作品，从浪漫的爱情悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》到充满权谋斗争的《哈姆雷特》，从搞笑的喜剧《威尼斯商人》到展现历史风云的《亨利五世》，那真是涵盖了人生的方方面面。

我记得有一次在课堂上，老师让我们分组表演《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的片段。

我们那组的小伙伴们可认真了，有的负责背台词，有的负责设计动作，还有的负责准备道具。

虽然最后表演得有点小瑕疵，但那种沉浸在经典作品中的感觉，真的太棒了！17 世纪的时候，弥尔顿的《失乐园》横空出世。

这部史诗级的作品讲述了亚当和夏娃被逐出伊甸园的故事。

弥尔顿用他那雄辩的语言和深刻的思考，探讨了人类的原罪、自由意志和上帝的权威等重大问题。

读起来虽然有点费脑子，但一旦读懂了，就会觉得特别有成就感。

18 世纪的英国文学也很有看头，像笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》。

鲁滨逊在荒岛上的求生经历，让我们看到了人类的坚韧和智慧。

我小时候读这本书的时候，还幻想过自己也能像鲁滨逊一样，在一个无人的小岛上创造出一个属于自己的世界。

19 世纪，那可是英国文学的黄金时代。

勃朗特姐妹的作品，《简·爱》和《呼啸山庄》，一个充满了女性的独立精神，一个则充满了强烈的情感和神秘的氛围。

还有狄更斯的《大卫·科波菲尔》，讲述了一个小男孩的成长历程，里面的人物形象鲜明得就像我们身边的朋友一样。

进入 20 世纪，英国文学继续展现着它的多样性和创新性。