采用渗灌技术节水提高了农作物的生长速度改善渗漏灌溉问题

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采用渗灌技术节水提高了农作物的生长速度改善渗漏灌溉问题

渗灌的节水灌溉技术在新疆还是比较新型的技术，它有着非常多的优点，如，它有着非常好的节约水资源的效果，可以减少空气中的相对湿度，将土壤的环境和条件进行有效的改善，节省了时间、工作量和能源，并且不只是在农业中，在各个方面都有着非常广泛的应用。但是，同时它也存在着一些局限性。

Infiltration irrigation water-saving irrigation technology in Xinjiang is still

relatively new technology, it has many advantages, such as very much, it

saves the water resources very good effect, can reduce the relative humidity in

the air, soil environment and conditions for effective improvement, saving time,

effort and energy, and not only in agriculture, in all aspects of a very wide

range of applications. But, at the same time, it also exists some limitations.

1 对农业形象节水灌溉技术—渗灌技术的研究

1 of the agricultural water-saving irrigation technology, image of infiltration

irrigation technology research

1.1 国外对渗灌技术的研究 国外开始对农业的新型节水灌溉技术的研究时间是非常早的，而对渗灌技术的研究是在19世纪70年代开始的，多数都是把地面上的滴灌里采用的灌水的设备埋在地下进行灌溉，并且在灌溉的体系中，装上了真空阀用来预防体系中出现负压而产生灌水设备的堵塞。到了80年代的时候美国的技术企业创造了采用70%的汽车上废旧的橡胶轮胎作为原材料，并添加了一些平常的塑料，使用了前沿的加工技术做出了多孔的、高质量的渗水灌溉的设备，经过灌溉管上的小孔向农作物传输肥料和水分。到了现在，渗灌技术在很多的国家都被用作温室、果园等灌溉。

1.1 foreign is very early to study time of foreign infiltration irrigation technology

to new water saving irrigation technology on agriculture, and the infiltration of

irrigation technology began in the eighteen seventies, most are the irrigation

equipment used on the ground of the buried drip irrigation, and irrigation in the

system, installed a clog vacuum valve for negative pressure prevention system

and irrigation equipment. The 80 time when the United States technology

companies created by 70% car scrap rubber tires as raw material, and adding

some ordinary plastic, made of high quality porous seepage irrigation

equipment, the use of processing technology, through the hole irrigation pipes

on the transmission to the crop fertilizer and water. Up to now, infiltration

irrigation technology was used in the greenhouse, orchard irrigation in many

countries. /

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1.2 新疆对渗灌技术的研究 在20世纪70年代我国北方比较缺水的区域，曾经使用烧制的瓦管这些简单的灌溉设备实行了地下的灌溉，并且有了一些效果，但是这样的设备比较容易碎掉，透水孔也容易被堵住。之后，就使用了人为的扎孔塑料的设备，将其埋在地下用来灌溉。现在，经过多年的研究和实践，进行了特别加工而做出的一种橡胶材料的渗水设备，在节水、增加产量方面都取得了一定的成绩。但是，这种技术还需要不断地进行研究，在未来还会研制出来更加新型的节水灌溉的技术。

1.2 Xinjiang on the infiltration of irrigation area in the nineteen seventies in

northern China is dry, have fired tile these simple irrigation equipment to

implement the underground irrigation, and had some effect, but such

equipment is easier to break, permeable Kong Yerong easily blocked. Then,

on the use of the equipment of artificial holes plastic, be buried in the

underground irrigation. Now, after years of research and practice, the special

processing and a rubber material to make the water equipment, has made

some achievements in saving water, increasing output. However, this

technique also needs to continue to study, in the future will develop more new

water-saving irrigation technology.

2 渗灌技术的应用

2 infiltration irrigation technology application

2.1 渗灌技术的优势

2.1 infiltration irrigation technology advantage

2.1.1 渗灌技术节水很有效 渗灌技术属于全程的管道进行水的运输，凭借埋在地下的多个透水孔的渗水管，用比较小的压力给农作物的根部提供水分的补充，并且灌溉的水量能够按照农作物所需要的水量进行控制，让土壤中的水量不会超出饱和的含水率，也不会出现深层的渗漏，渗灌的土层表面一直是干燥的，不但可以防止杂草的与病菌的生长，还可以降低地表所蒸发的水量，根据实验来看，渗灌0.066hm2的农田，只要1.2-1.5m3，节约水70%以上。如图：

The 2.1.1 infiltration irrigation technology of water saving irrigation pipeline

technology is very effective to the whole water transport, with a plurality of

through holes in the water infiltration pipe underground, with less pressure to

crop roots provide additional water, and irrigation water can be controlled in

accordance with the crops need water, so water will not the soil beyond the

saturation water content, also won't appear deep leakage of soil surface

irrigation, infiltration has been dry, not only can prevent weeds and the growth

of the bacteria, but also can reduce the evaporation of surface water,

according to the experiment, irrigation 0.066hm2 farmland, as long as the

1.2-1.5m3, save water more than 70%. As shown in fig.:

2.1.2 渗灌可以减少空气的湿度，降低农作物的病害 因为渗灌只能够将农作物的根部润湿，让地表的土层保持着干燥，就降低了土层表面上的水的蒸发，减少了空气中的湿度，因为农作物的叶片没有形成露珠，也就避免了一些病虫害的威胁，降低了用药的频率，提高了农作物的质量。

The 2.1.2 infiltration irrigation can reduce air humidity, reduce crop diseases

because of infiltration irrigation can only be root wetting crop, let the surface

soil layer is kept dry, reduces the soil surface evaporation of water, reduce the

humidity in the air, because the leaves of crops without the formation of dew,

but also can avoid some diseases and insect pests pest threat, reduces the

use frequency, improve the quality of crops.

2.1.3 渗灌可以使土壤的环境变好，提高了农作物的生长速度 因为渗灌的水是从渗灌的管壁上透水孔中渗出来的，依靠了土层里的小管中的功能逐步地进行扩散来润湿土地，不形成重力水，不会摧毁土层里面团粒的结构，使土壤中的通气性得以保持，让土壤更加疏松，成功地解决了因为教官而形成的土地的板结情况，给农作物的根部的生长提供了好的环境。如图：