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解析版2014年高考山东卷英语试题解析精编版

解析版2014年高考山东卷英语试题解析精编版
解析版2014年高考山东卷英语试题解析精编版

1.下列词语中画线字的注音完全正确的一项是

A.塞(sāi)责贻(yí)误孜孜(zī)以求

B.商榷(què)弭(mǐ)谤鲜(xiān)为人知

C.当轴(zhóu)相勖(xù)大有裨(pì)益

D.訾詈(lì)敷衍(yǎn)有案可稽(jī)

【答案】D

【解析】A项,“塞”应读为“sè”;B项,“鲜”应读为“xiǎn”;C项,“裨”应读为“bì”。2.下列各组词语中,字形全都正确的一项是

A.罡风开诚布公根深蒂固聊以慰籍

B.诋毁道德沦丧无动于衷旁征博引

C.镌刻细枝末节怡笑大方力矫颓俗

D.卓绝张驰有度精旨奥义规行矩步

【答案】B

【解析】A项,“籍”应为“藉”;C项,“怡”应为“贻”;D项,“驰”应为“弛”。

3.依次填入下列句子横线处的词语,最恰当的一项是

①诸君肄业于此,或三年,或四年,时间不为不多,苟能__________光阴,孜孜求学,则其造诣,容有底止。

②北京社会,尤为恶劣,败德毁行之事,触目皆是,非根基深固,鲜不为__________所染。

③每至店肆购买物品,店主殷勤款待,付价接物,互相称谢,此虽小节,然亦交际所__________,常人如此,况堂堂大学生乎?

A.爱惜风俗必须

B.爱惜流俗必需

C.爱护流俗必须

D.爱护风俗必需

【答案】B

【解析】爱惜:因重视而不糟蹋,爱护珍惜。爱护:爱惜并保护。根据语境,应用“爱惜”。风俗:社会上长期形成的风尚、礼节、习惯等的总和。流俗:一般的风俗习惯(多含贬义)。根据语境,应用“流俗”。必须:表示事理上和情理上必要,一定要;加强命令语气。必需:一定要有,不可少。根据语境,应用“必需”。

4.填入下面文段横线处的语句,衔接最恰当的一项是

蔡元培有一句名言:“读书不忘救国,救国不忘读书。”________________。蔡元培一度也是个激进分子,制造炸药、组织暗杀团,但最终还是选择了温和的教育和文化启蒙。在《告北大学生暨全国学生书》中他说:“我国输入欧化,六十年矣,始而造兵,继而练军,继而变法,最后乃始知教育之必要。”由制造炸药到制造“思想炸弹”,蔡元培最终成为一个教育救国者,成为“中国现代教育之父”。

A.这与他本人的经历是分不开的,因为他有借助文化启蒙和教育救国来实现其救世理想的理念。

B.因为他有借助文化启蒙和教育救国来实现其救世理想的理念,所以与他本人的经历是分不开的。

C.蔡元培之所以会有借助文化启蒙和教育救国来实现其救世理想的理念,与他本人的经历是分不开的。

D.与蔡元培本人的经历分不开,他有借助文化启蒙和教育救国来实现其救世理想的理念。

【答案】C

5.下面是蔡元培在《就任北京大学校长之演说》中对青年学子提出的殷切希望,请用对偶句概括蔡校长的希望,字数在20—30字之间。

方今风俗日偷,道德沦丧,北京社会,尤为恶劣,败德毁行之事,触目皆是,非根基深固,鲜不为流俗所染。诸君肄业大学,当能束身自爱。然国家之兴替,视风俗之厚薄。流俗如此,前途何堪设想。故必有卓绝之士,以身作则,力矫颓俗。诸君为大学学生,地位甚高,肩此重任,责无旁贷,故诸君不惟思所以感己,更必有以励人。苟德之不修,学之不讲,同乎流俗,合乎污世,己且为人轻侮,更何足以感人。然诸君终日伏首案前,营营攻苦,毫无娱乐之事,必感身体上之苦痛。为诸君计,莫如以正当之娱乐,易不正当之娱乐,庶于道德无亏,而于身体有益。诸君入分科时,曾填写愿书,遵守本校规则,苟中道而违之,岂非与原始之意相反乎?故品行不可以不谨严。学#¥科网

【答案】品行谨严不染流俗无害根基,娱乐正当无亏道德有益身体。

【解析】本题考查压缩语段及正确运用对偶修辞的能力。从中找出蔡元培从正面提出的希望及从反面否定的内容,然后加以概括,最后用对偶句的形式表述出来即可。注意字数限制。

1.依次填入下列各句横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是

①通过前面一段时间的学习,我了解了多媒体的基本概念,________了多媒体技术的操作与运用。

②北京师范大学的于丹教授认为,如果我们谨言慎行,礼行天下,修身养性,就会少很多烦恼,自然就会懂得为人________之道。

③我国三大门户网站的股票在纳斯达克全线飘红,这是我国互联网产业步入________并稳定健康发展的体现。

A.熟悉处世正规

B.熟习处世正轨

C.熟悉处事正规

D.熟习处事正轨

【答案】B

2.下列句子中,画线的词语使用正确的一项是

A.在政府和公众齐心协力的大环境下,正该破除那些蛊惑人心、扰乱视听的“房价危言”,惟其如此,严打炒房,保障民生才能有一个清明的舆论环境。

B.胡适、钱玄同、李大钊等人当年敢想敢说,肆无忌惮,想办《新青年》,自己就办起来了,办起来后,虽然在上面吵架,却也是不同思想的撞击。

C.英国财政大臣奥斯本的财政预算案讲话可谓开诚布公,声明去年的紧急预算案主要是拯救英国的银行系统,为过去所犯的错误埋单。

D.以色列的足球水平发展近几年来有突飞猛进之势,特别是主场表现出来的强硬,令欧洲足球强国的球迷们无不侧目而视。

【答案】C

【解析】A项,“惟其如此”,因为这样。“惟其”,表示因果关系,跟“正因为”相近,此处应用“惟有如此”。B项,“肆无忌惮”,非常放肆,一点没有顾忌。贬义词。D项,“侧目而视”,指斜着眼睛看,形容畏惧而又愤恨。与语境不符,应为“刮目相看”。

3.下列各句中没有语病的一项是

A.今年北大的古生物学专业后继有人了,人大附中的余逸伦通过北大自招考试,以降至一本线录取的优惠考入元培学院。

B.1905年4月,京师大学堂举办了第一次运动会,校方特别强调开运动会的目的是培养青年“临事不辞难,事君不惜死”。

C.京师大学堂是北京大学的前身,是戊戌变法的产物。光绪皇帝实行的新政大都被消除,但变法期间办起的京师大学堂保留了下来,这是为什么?

D.蔡元培北京故居位于胡同西口,院子坐北朝南,是东西各三进的院落,建筑面积近370平方米左右,自2009年起,正式对公众免费开放。

【答案】A

【解析】B项,成分残缺,应在句末加“的精神”。C项,搭配不当,可将“消除”改为“废除”。D项,重复赘余,应把“左右”“近”去掉其一。学科……&网

4.阅读下面的材料,概括要点回答中国建设世界一流大学缺少“什么”。不超过25字。

4月23日,“2011大学校长全球峰会”在清华大学举行。其中,“中国建设世界一流大学”成为热议的话题。多位大学校长接受记者采访时表示:目前,中国顶尖大学在吸纳拥有国际学术背景人才、借鉴发达国家的教学制度和成功经验等方面缺乏全球化视野;许多人安于现状,在科研方面全方位地紧盯世界一流水平的意识不够,仅满足于在国内获奖或在国内刊物上发表论文。他们建议,政府主管部门要扮演好自己的角色,为学校营造出宽松的发展环境;全社会对于大学发展应抱有平和的心态,少一些急功近利。【答案】全球化视野追求卓越的意识宽松环境平和心态

1.【2018年高考天津卷】下列各句中没有语病的一句是

A.尤瓦尔?赫拉利写作了《人类简史》一经上市就登上了以色列畅销书排行榜第一名,蝉联榜首长达100周,30多个国家争相购买版权。

B.英国著名物理学家霍金通过自己杰出的大脑,倾尽毕生精力,以整个宇宙为研究对象,试图解开关于时空和存在的本质。

C.文化创意产业属于知识密集型新兴产业,具有高知识、高融合性、高带动性等优势,是创建宜居“智慧新城”的有力推手。

D.无论是在天津,还是在比赛现场,都有支持热爱天津女排的一批球迷与这支队伍同呼吸共命运。

【答案】C

2.【2017年高考山东卷】下面语段中画线的成语,使用不恰当的一项是

2013年,郎平就任中国女排主教练。她知人善任,派不同队员参加不同比赛,充分发挥她们各自的优势。她眼光长远,在培养年轻球员,尤其是天才型球员时,不揠苗助长。赛场上,她运筹帷幄,指挥若定,带领队员们屡创佳绩。2016年,中国女排勇夺里约奥运会冠军,不言而喻地证明了郎平执教水平的高超。

A.知人善任B.揠苗助长C.运筹帷幄D.不言而喻

【答案】D

【解析】不言而喻:喻,了解,明白;不用说话就能明白,形容道理很明显。不能用来做“证明”的状语。知人善任:知,了解,知道;任,任用,使用;善于认识人的品德和才能,最合理地使用。使用正确。揠苗助长:揠,拔;把苗拔起,以助其生长,比喻违反事物发展的客观规律,急于求成,反而把事情弄糟。使用正确。运筹帷幄:筹,计谋、谋划;帷幄,古代军中帐幕;指拟定作战策略,引申为筹划、指挥。使用正确。

【名师点睛】本题考查正确使用成语的能力,这一考点是山东卷必考考点,今年题型有所变化,由传统的四选一形式改为语段阅读形式,而且由原来的“选出正确的一项”变为“选出错误的一项”,难度较低。从历年高考来看,成语类试题测试重点有:一感情色彩的误用,二望文生义,三适用对象弄错,四具有双重含义的成语,五语境或逻辑错误。复习过程中要注意多积累,注意从整体上把握成语的含义,注意区分形似神异的成语,注意成语的感情色彩,注意有双重含义的成语。本题所考查的四个成语都是学习生活中常见常用易错成语,其中“不言而喻”与“证明”连用出现了逻辑错误。

3.【2017年高考山东卷】下面各句中,没有语病、句意明确的一项是

A.依托海量的普查成果,我国建成了包括重要地理国情要素、遥感影像及其他相关内容组成的地理国情数据库。

B.情景体验剧《又见敦煌》,昨天在新建的专属剧场首演,该剧以全新的观演模式带领观众进行了一次“古今穿越”。

C.这位前方记者采访到的专家表示,C919的试飞成功,标志着我国大型商用飞机的研制已达到国际先进水平。

D.骑自行车健身时,因为在周期性的有氧运动中使锻炼者能够消耗较多的热量,所以减肥、塑身效果都比较明显。

【答案】B

【名师点睛】本题考查辨析病句的能力,采用的是山东高考一贯使用的独立辨析形式,属于传统题型,指

向明确,难度适中,考点比较全面。这类题目解答时首先应熟知病句的类型,最常用的判别方法是划分句子结构成分,先看主谓宾,再看定状补,判断句子是否存在成分残缺赘余、搭配不当、结构混乱、语序不当等问题。如果结构上没有问题,可从逻辑意义上分析,看是否有表意不明、句意关系不当等问题。还有一个简捷的方法便是借助标志法,比如,如果句中出现关联词,可从关联词的搭配、语序、逻辑等三个方面考虑;如果出现介词,可从主语残缺、中途易辙、主客颠倒等角度考虑。本题A项将“包括重要地理国情要素、遥感影像及其他相关内容的”和“由重要地理国情要素、遥感影像及其他相关内容组成的”糅合到一起,设置了句式杂糅类语病;C项,“标志”的主语应是“C919试飞成功”,而不是“试飞成功”,故此处属于搭配不当,“达到国际先进水平”的主语应是“能力”之类,句中缺失,所以此处属于成分残缺,应补出;D项,“因为在周期性的有氧运动中使锻炼者能够消耗较多的热量”同时使用了“在……中”和“使”,造成了句子缺少主语,所以此选项既可以看成是成分赘余类语病,也可以看作是成分残缺类语病。4.【2015年高考湖南卷】语言文字运用学&……科网

梦想是一个民族保持生机、激发活力的源泉。没有梦想的民族是可悲的,对美好梦想没有和矢志不渝精神的民族同样没有前途。,坚韧不拔是中华民族固有的精神基因。回望历史,面对列强的坚船利炮,中华民族奋起抗争;面对新中国成立之初的,中国人民;面对现代化征程中的困难与挑战,中华儿女怀揣中国梦。一路高歌前行。梦想的太阳,已经在东方地平线上喷薄而出,灿烂的朝霞正在光耀在我们的眼前……

(1)下列成语依次填入语段中画横线处,最恰当的一组是

A.坚贞不屈自强不息百废俱兴奋起直追

B.坚定不移自强不息百废待兴奋发图强

C.坚贞不屈生生不息百废待兴奋发图强

D.坚定不移生生不息百废俱兴奋起直追

【答案】D

【解析】A项,缺少动词,应在群众前加“提高”;B项,缺少宾语,应在句末加“需要”;C项,句式杂糅,应将“选配了”改为“选配的”。

(2)下列选项对语段主要运用的修辞手法的判断,正确的一组是

A.比喻排比B.对偶比喻

C.排比夸张D.夸张对偶

【答案】B

【名师点睛】这是一道考核成语的题目,采取一个语段中出现多个成语的方式,同时考核近义成语的辨析,但总体难度不大。

5.【2015年高考重庆卷】依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句,前后衔接最为恰当的一组是中国人民抗日战争的胜利,充分证明了中国共产党是救亡图存、实现民族复兴的核心力量。今天,我们纪念抗日战争胜利70周年,就是要_________,_________,_________,_________,_________。铭记这段历史,是因为它惨烈悲壮与不屈抗争应当成为中华民族的集体记忆,更是希望从中汲取沉痛的历史教训,获得开创未来的精神力量。

①永远铭记参加抗日战争的老战士、抗日将领、爱国人士

②永远铭记支援和帮助了中国抗战的外国政府和国际友人

③永远铭记惨遭日本侵略者杀戮的死难同胞

④永远铭记为抗战胜利建立了功勋的海内外中华儿女

⑤永远铭记在抗日战争中英勇战斗、为国捐躯的烈士

A.⑤④③②①B.①②④⑤③

C.③⑤①④②D.④③②①⑤

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查学生的语句连贯的能力。这段话是围绕“纪念抗日战争胜利70周年”展开,内容上前后呼应。故这一段的排序要注意内容的前后照应,文段后面说到铭记这段历史的原因是“它惨烈悲壮与不屈抗争应当成为中华民族的集体记忆”,其中“惨烈悲壮与不屈抗争”是对前面内容的小结,应与前面的内容一一照应,那么前面的内容应是先说“惨烈悲壮”,再说“不屈抗争”;浏览所给的句子,可以发现,③是惨烈,⑤是悲壮,①④②是不屈抗争。

【名师点睛】排序题应先浏览语段,把握大概内容,这是排序的前提,所给的语段是说要铭记抗日这段历史的原因;然后再到语段中找语言的标志,比如代词、指示代词、前后照应的句子、总结性引领性的句子,比如这段文字中,“惨烈悲壮与不屈抗争”是对前面的总结,故前面的内容应与其一一对应;最后再来看所给的句子。学%……科网

2013年天津高考英语真题(含答案)(校对版)

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2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东A卷) 英语 Ⅰ. 语言知识及应用(共两节。满分35分) 第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分) 阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes, The 1 has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by 2 situation that has designed for the 3 children. There can be little doubt that 4 classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. However, to take these 5 out of the regular classes may create serious problems. I observed a number of 6 children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a 7 class. In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying 8 on their teachers? directions. In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up, they began to reflect 9 on many problems, some of which were not on the school program. Many are concerned that gifted children become 10 and lose interest in learning. However this 11 is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these 12 simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are 13 . Some top students do feel bored in class, but why they 14 so goes far beyond the work they have in school. Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious. The gifted child whop is bored is an 15 child. 1. A. principle B. theory C. arguments D. classification 2. A. designing B. grouping C. learning D. living 3. A. smart B. curious C. mature D. average 4. A. regular B. special C. small D. creative 5. A. children B. programs C. graduates D. designs 6. A. intelligent B. competent C. ordinary D. independent 7. A. separate B. regular C. new D. boring 8. A. specially B. slightly C. wrongly D. heavily 9. A, directly B. cleverly C. voluntarily D. quickly 10. A. doubted B. bored C. worried D. tired 11. A. concern B. conclusion C. reflection D. interest 12. A. students B. adults C. scholars D. teachers 13. A. talented B. worried C. learned D. interested 14. A. believe B. think C. say D. feel 15. A. outstanding B. intelligent C. anxious D. ordinary 第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16~25的相应位置上。 One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an

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