英语基础知识
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一、一个星期七天 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 二、一年十二个月 January February March April May June July August September October November December 三、一年四季 1. spring 2. summer 3. autumn 4. winter 四、容易拼写错的数字 1. eighth第八2. ninth第九3. forty四十 4. twelfth第十二 5. twentieth第二十 四、亲属称呼 1. daughter (女儿) 2. niece (女性晚辈) 3. nephew (男性晚辈) 4. cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹) 5. aunt (女性长辈) 6. uncle (男性长辈) 五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母 1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔 2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制 3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现 5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿 6. refer (referred, referring) 提到 7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记 8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许 9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备 注意:quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写(英国英语)也可不双写(美国英语) 六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词 1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播 2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑 3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止 4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅 5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰 6. hang (作“绞死”讲,是规则的;作“悬挂”讲,其过去式过去分词都是hung) 7.lie –lied –lied 说谎; lie—lay---lain躺下 lay-laid- laid 放置 8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求 9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖 10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌 11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉 12. spread (spread, spread) 传播 13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳 14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎 16.wear( wore; worn) 穿/戴 17.hold (held, held ) 18.make (made, made) 19. keep (kept, kept) 七、意思相近的词 1. check 核对/examine(检查)/ test(测试) 2. receive(收到/ accept(接受) 3.destroy 毁坏毁灭damage破 4. celebrate(庆祝)/ congratulate(祝贺) 5. wear sth / dress sb 穿衣 八、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化 1. long—length 长度2. wide—width 宽度 3. high—height 高度4. strong—strength力量 九、以-ic结尾的动词,应先把-ic变为-ick,再加ing或ed 1. picnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐 十、个别名词的复数拼写 1. German (Germans) 德国人 2. gulf (gulfs) 海湾 3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕roof (roofs) 房顶 4. hero (英雄),potato (土豆),tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。 十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化 1. succeed—success成功 2. pronounce—pronunciation 发音 3. explain—explanation解释 4. decide—decision 决定 5. enter—entrance进入 6. permit—permission 允许 7. consider—consideration 考虑 8. expect—expectation 期待 9. discover—discovery 发现 10. bury—burial 埋葬 11. conclude—conclusion 得出结论 12. arrive—arrival 到达 13. weigh—weight 重量 14. describe—description 描述 15. lose—loss 损失 16. anxious---anxiety 焦虑 十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化 1. beautiful美丽的—beautifully 2. possible可能的—possibly 3. practical实际的—practically 4. particular特别的—particularly 5. successful成功的—successfully 十三、其它必背单词 1. abroad 国外 2. absence n. 缺席 (absent adj.) 3. accept 接受) 4. accident事故 (accidental adj. 偶然的,accidentally adv. 偶然地) 5. achievement成就 (achieve v. 获得) 6. address地址 7. admire钦佩 8. admit承认(admitted) 9. agreement 协议 10. agriculture农业 (agricultural adj. 农业的) industry 工业(industrial工业的) 11. altogether总共12. ancient 古代的 13. announce宣告、通知 announcement ( n. 口头通知) 14. anxiety 忧虑 (anxious adj. 焦急的,anxiously adv. 焦急地) 15. apologize v. 道歉 (apology n. 道歉) 16. appear 出现(appearance 外貌 n.)disappear消失/不见 17. appreciate感激/欣赏 (感激人用thank sb;谢谢某人做的事用appreciate sth.) 18. Asian(亚洲的) 19. assistant 助手 20. astonish吃惊 (astonishment n. 吃惊,astonishing令吃惊的,astonished吃惊的) 21. astronaut 宇航员 22. atmosphere气氛 23. attempt尝试 (n / v) attempt to do sth 24. attentively 专心地 25. attention 专心 pay attention to doing sth 26. attitude 态度 27. attract 吸引 (attraction吸引力) 28. average平均 / 平均的 on average 平均 30. balance平衡 keep the balance of nature保持生态平衡 31.beaty美 (beautiful, beautifully ) beautify美化 32. believe相信 (belief n. 信念,其复数是beliefs) 33. beyond超过 34. biology生物 35. birthday生日 36. bravery 勇敢brave勇敢的bravely勇敢地 37.broad宽阔的 38. broadcast广播(broadcast ; broadcast;) 39. care 关心careful 小心的carefully小心地 40. ceiling天花板 41. cinema电影院 42. celebrate庆祝 43. celebration 庆祝n. 44. century 世纪 45. challenge 挑战 46. character 性格 47. charge收费be charge of / take charge of 管理„ 48. comfort v. & n. 安慰 comfortable 舒适的adj. comfortably adv.舒适地 50. comment 评论 51. communicate (vt)communication (n) 交流 52. competition 竞赛 (compete v. 竞赛competitor 竞赛者) 53. composition 作文 54. concert 音乐会