2019年雅思IELTS考试备考资料模拟试题及答案2

——参考范本——【资格考试】2019最新整理-雅思(ielts)写作考试预测试题______年______月______日____________________部门社会生活类；教育；政府投资（发展环境、艺术、公共设施等）；广告1. In the modern world, the school is becoming unnecessary for children to study, because they can useinternet which has wider information available for children,so that children can study at home instead. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2. Environmental problems are as big as not forindividual country or individual people to address. In other words, we have reached the stage that environmental problems must be solved at international level. To what extent do you agree or disagree?3. Due to the increasing cultural and business communication between countries, differences betweencountries have become less evident. People in different countries watch the same movies, read the same books and have the same fashions. To what extent do the advantages of these communications outweigh the disadvantages?4.There are many people who work at home. Some peoplethink there are many benefits to the workers and their families, and others think it will be stressful to both workers and their families. What is your opinion? Discussboth views and give your answer.5. Society would benefit from the ban on all forms of advertising because it may serve no useful purpose, even can be damaging . To what extent do you agree?6.In some countries, schools aim to provide a general education across a wide range of subjects , but in others, children are taught to focus only on a narrow range ofsubjects related to a particular career. Which system is more appropriate?7. Some people say the government shouldn’t put money on art such as music and painting; they should spend more money on construction of public facilities. Agree or disagree?8. It is now possible to perform. everyday tasks like banking, shopping and business transactions without meeting people face to face. What are effects it may bring on the individuals and society as a whole?9.With the development of modern science and technology, some aspects of traditional culture are being lost, so some people think that the traditional culture and technology will be replaced by the modern ones, such as computer and internet. What is your opinion?10. It is said that nowadays one can not acquire the qualifications and quality essential to success through university education or study in some institutions of similar。

2019年雅思阅读模拟试题（十五）(附答案)-优秀word范文本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==雅思阅读模拟试题（十五）(附答案)Jan 10 th 201XFrom Economist . com1 NEELIE KROES , the European Unions competition commissioner , did not mince her words when reporting on Europes energy markets on Wednesday January 10 th . Europes energy firms have failed to invest in networks and so customers are suffering . Those vertically integrated energy companies such as Electricit de France or Germanys E . ON , widely dubbed as national champions , are effectively behaving like local monopolies . Shy of competition , eager for artificially high prices , they are helping to block the efficient generation , transmission and distribution of energy on thecontinent .2 Energy prices vary wildly across Europe . Ms Kroes wants to see cheaper energy , and intends to push suppliers to divest their distribution network and to get them to invest more in transportation systems so that more energyin the form of gas , or electricity , for examplecan flow easily over borders . It is remarkably hard , for example , for gas - poor Germany to import from the neighbouring , gas - rich Netherlands . Companies that dominate national markets have , so far , had little interest in improving the interconnections which would mean lower prices for consumers across the continent .3 Ms Kroes , of course , will struggle to get her way . The European Commission , which on the same day presented its recommendation for improving EU energy policy , also wants to see the unbundling of ownership , the legal separation of energy suppliers and transporters , something that the integrated energy companies and interested governments , notably in France and Germany , are bound to oppose ferociously .。

雅思考试模拟试题及答案（阅读部分雅思考试模拟试题及答案(阅读部分）以下是应届毕业生网店铺为同学们收集雅思考试模拟试题及答案(阅读部分)，供大家参考!1.Everyone in a particular society recognizes social roles: father, mother, child, teacher, student, police officer, store clerk, doctor, judge, political leader, and so on. Every culture expects certain types of behavior from people who play certain social roles. Anyone occupying a given position is expected to adopt a specific attitude. A store clerk is expected to take care of customers patiently and politely, and a judge is expected to make wise and fair decisions about laws.Informal social roles are not always easy to recognize, but can be identified with careful research. They are key indicators of a group's health and happiness. Within the family, one informal role is the family hero, the person who defines integrity and upholds family morality. Others are the family arbitrator, the person who keeps the peace, and the family historian, often a grandparent, who relays valuable cultural information that maintains both the family and the larger society. And finally, there is the family friend, the person who provides comfort and companionship to the family members with emotional needs.1.Why does the author mention a store clerk and a judge in paragraph 1?A. To give examples of people who hold positions of respects.B. To explain why social roles are important to a society.C. To illustrate the behavior required of certain social roles.D. To compare the responsibilities of two different occupations.2.Why does the author use the term key indicators in discussing informal social roles?A.To identify the most important type of social roles.B.To explain how to identify informal social rolesC.To point out that informal roles are unique to familiesD.To emphasize the value of informal roles to a group答案:1.C2.D2.The many part of the earth’s atmosphere are linked with the various parts of the earth’s surface to produce a whole---the climate system. Different par ts of the earth’s surface react to the energy of the sun in different ways. For example, ice and snow reflect much of it. Land surfaces absorb solar energy and heat up rapidly. Oceans store the energy without experiencing a significant temperature rise. Thus, the different types of surfaces transfer heat into the atmosphere at different rates.We can view climate as existing in three domains: space, time, and human perception. In the domain of space, we can study local, regional, and global climates. In time, we can look at the climate for a year, a decade, a millennium, and so forth. Finally, we depend on our perceptions of the data, so we must include our own human perception into our model. Human perception must be included if our understanding of climatic processes is to be translated into societal actions. As a society, we make informed choices about how to use the beneficial effects of climate, such as deciding when and where to plant crops. We also make choices about how to minimize the harmful effects of climate---storms, blizzards, and droughts.1.Why does the author discuss different parts of the earth’s surface in paragraph 1?A.To explain why humans live in some parts but not in othersB.To show that the entire earth is made of the same materialsC.To compare how various surfaces transfer heat into the atmosphereD.To describe changes in the earth’s appearance throughout the year.2.According to the author, why must we include human perception in our study of climate?A.We must interpret data and take actions related to climateB.We must create an interesting model of the climate systemC.We must develop an understanding of our environmentD.We must change our traditional ways of studying climate.(思考)3. Read the sentence below and write an essay which will have a minimum of 100 words.Our understanding of climatic processes is to be translated into societal actions.答案：1.C2.A3. veral men have been responsible for promoting forestry asa profession. Foremost was Gifford Pinchot, the father of the professional forestry in America. He was chief of the Forest Service from 1898 until 1910, working with President Theodore Roosevelt to instigate sound conservation practices in forests. Later he was professor of forestry and founder of the Pinchot School of Forestry at Yale University. Another great forester was Dr. Bernard E. Fernow, the first head of the U.S. Forest Service. He organized the first American school of professional forestry at Cornell University.The foresters of today, like Pinchot and Fernow in the past, plan and supervise the growth, protection, and utilization of trees.They make maps of forest areas, estimate the amount of standing timber and future growth, and manage timber sales. They also protect the trees from fire, harmful insects, and disease. Some foresters may be responsible for other duties, ranging from wildlife protection and watershed management to the development and supervision of camps, parks, and grazing lands. Others do research, provide information to forest owners and to the general public, and teach in colleges and universities.1.Why does the author compare Pinchot and Fernow to the foresters of today?A.To describe different philosophies of forestry managementB.To show how the field of forestry has changed in 100 yearsC.To argue for the expansion of university forestry programsD.To introduce the type of work done by professional foresters2.All of the following are mentioned in the passage EXCEPTA.what foresters do besides protecting treesB.how to select a good school of forestryC.people who promoted forestry as a careerD.management of timber and timber sales3. Think about how professors can contribute their wisdom to the public affairs. Write down your contemplations in a essay which have a minimum of 100 words.答案 :1.D2.B4. clothing to declare their membership in a particular social group; however, the rules for what is acceptable dress for that group may change. In affluent societies, this changing of the rules is the driving force behind fashions. By keeping up with fashions, that is, by changing their clothing style frequently butsimultaneously, members of a group both satisfy their desire for novelty and obey the rules, thus demonstrating their membership in the group.There are some interesting variations regarding individual status. Some people, particularly in the West, consider themselves of such high status that they do not need to display it with their clothing. For example, many wealthy people in the entertainment industry appear in very casual clothes, such as the worn jeans and work boots of a manual laborer. However, it is likely that a subtle but important signal, such as an expensive wristwatch, will prevail over the message of the casual dress. Such an inverted status display is most likely to occur where the person’s high status is conveyed in ways other than with clothing, such as having a famous face.1.According to the author, fashions serve all the following purposes EXCEPTA.satisfying an interest in noveltyB.signaling a change in personal beliefsC.displaying membership in a social groupD.following traditional rules2.Why does the author discuss individual status in paragraph 2?A.To state that individuals status is not important in the WestB.To argue that individuals need not obey every fashion ruleC.To contrast the status of entertainers with that of manual laborersD.To explain how high status may involve an inverted status display3. with the booming economy and rising status, Chinese people are beginning to remember the clothing belonging to ourown nation which is called “han fu”(汉服)，and some youth have worn them in some traditional festivals. Please write an essay to express your own thinking.答案：1.B2.DThe war for independence from Britain was a long and economically costly conflict. The New England fishing industry was temporarily destroyed, and the tobacco colonies in the South were also hard hit. The trade in imports was severely affected, since the war was fought against the country that had previously monopolized the colonies’ supply of manufactured goods. The most serious consequences were felt in the cities, whose existence depended on commercial activity. Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Charleston were all occupied for a time by British troops. Even when the troops had left, British ships lurked in the harbors and continued to disrupt trade.American income from shipbuilding and commerce declined abruptly, undermining the entire economy of the urban areas. The decline in trade brought a fall in the American standard of living. Unemployed shipwrights, dock laborers, and coopers drifted off to find work on farms and in small villages. Some of them joined the Continental army, or if they were loyal to Britain, they departed with the British forces. The population of the New York City declined from 21,000 in 1774 to less than half that number only nine years later in 1783.The disruptions produced by the fighting of the war, by the loss of established markets for manufactured goods, by the loss of sources of credit, and by the lack of new investment all created a period of economic stagnation that lasted for the next twenty years.1.Why does the author mention the fishing industry and the tobacoo colonies?A. to show how the war for independence affected the economyB. to compare the economic power of two different regionsC. to identify the two largest commercial enterprises in AmericaD. to give examples of industries controlled by British forces2. Why does the author mention the population of New York City in paragraph 2?A. to show that half of New York remained loyal to BritainB. to compare New York with other cities occupied during the warC. to emphasize the great short-term cost of the war for New YorkD. to illustrate the percentage of homeless people in New York3. Chinese people had fought for independence from foreign countries for more than 100 years; we had lost lands, powers, resources and lives during that period. Today, China faces a new challenge that how the development can maintain, in other words, how China doesn’t lag behind. Please write an essay to express your ideas.答案：1.A2.CThe discovery of freezing has changed our eating habits more than any other related invention. Because many foods contain large amounts of water, they freeze solidly at or just below 32 degrees Fahrenheit. When we lower the temperature to well below the freezing point and prevent air from penetratingthe food, we retard the natural process of decay that causes food to spoil. Freezing preserves the flavor and nutrients of food better than any other preservation method. When properly prepared and packed, foods and vegetables can be stored in the freezer for one year.Most vegetables and some fruits need blanching before they are frozen, and to avoid this step would be an expensive mistake. The result would be a product largely devoid of vitamins and minerals. Proper blanching curtails the enzyme action, which vegetables require during their growth and ripening but which continues after maturation and will lead to decay unless it is almost entirely stopped by blanching. This process is done in two ways, either by plunging vegetables in a large amount of rapidly boiling water for a few minutes or by steaming them. For steam blanching, it is important that timing begin when the water at the bottom of the pot is boiling. Different vegetables require different blanching times, and specified times for each vegetable must be observed. Under-blanching is like no blanching at all, and over-blanching, while stopping the enzyme action, will produce soggy, discolored vegetables.1.Why does the author mention 32 degrees Fahrenheit?A.To suggest the storage temperature for most foodsB.To identify the freezing point of waterC.To state the correct setting for a freezerD.To give the temperature for blanching2.Why does the author use the term expensive mistake in discussing blanching?A.To state that blanching is expensive but very effectiveB.To warn that not blanching will harm the food’s nutritional valueC.To emphasize the importance of blanching only a few items at a timeD.To show that many people waste food by blanching improperly3. In our daily life, there are a lot of traditional and scientific methods to maintain the foods’ nutrients, please write an essay to introduce the process of one way.答案：1.B2.BThe house style that dominated American housing during the 1880s and 1890s was known as Queen Anne, a curious name for an American style. The name was, in fact, a historical accident, originating with fashionable architects in Victorian England who coined it with apparently no reason other than its pleasing sound. The Queen Anne style was loosely based on medieval structures built long before 1702, the beginning year of Queen Anne’s reign.A distinctive characteristic found in most Queen Anne houses is the unusual roof shape --- a steeply pitched, hipped central portion with protruding lower front and side extensions that end in gables. It is often possible to spot these distinctive roof forms from several blocks away. Another feature of this style is the detailing, shown in the wood shingle siding cut into fanciful decorative patterns of scallops, curves, diamonds, or triangles. Queen Anne houses are almost always asymmetrical. If you draw an imaginary line down the middle of one, you will see how drastically different the right and left sides are, all the way from ground level to roof peak. A final characteristic is the inviting wraparound porch that includes the front door area and then extends around to either the right or left side of the house.Queen Anne houses faded from fashion early in the twentieth century as the public’s taste shifted toward the more modern Prairie and Craftsman style houses. Today, however, Queen Anne houses are favorite symbols of the past, painstakingly and lovingly restored by old-house buffs and reproduced by builders who give faithful attention to the distinctive shapes and detailing that were first popularized more than one hundred years ago.1. Why does the author use the word curious in describing the name of an American style?A.The style was invented before Queen Anne’s reign.B.The name was accidentally misspelled.C.The style was more popular in Victorian England.D.The name did not originate in American.2. The word it in paragraph 1 refers toA. styleB. nameC. accidentD. England3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic feature of Queen Anne houses?A. decorative windowsB. wood shingle exterior wallsC. large porchD. steeply pitched roof4. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the Queen Anne style?A. the Queen Anne style combined several other styles.B. the Queen Anne style had to be built in the city.C. the Queen Anne style was elaborate and ornate.D. the Queen Anne style was not very popular.5. The word buffs in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning toA. expertsB. sellersC. criticsD. painters6. Can you predict the main element which the architects will concern for next generation of house style? Write an essay to give your opinions.答案：1.D2.B3.A4.C5.AOne of the most interesting and distinctive of all uses of language is commentary. An oral reporting of ongoing activity, commentary is used in such public arenas as political ceremonies, parades, funerals, fashion shows and cooking demonstrations. The most frequently occurring type of commentary may be that connected with sports and games. In sports there are two kinds of commentary, and both are often used for the same sporting event. “play-by-play” commentary narrates the sports event, while “color –adding” or “color” commentary provides the audience with pre-event background, during-event interpretation, and post-event evaluation. Color commentary is usually conversational in style and can be a dialogue with two or more commentators.Play-by-play commentary is of interest to linguists because it is unlike other kinds of narrative, which are typically reported in past tense. Play-by-play commentary is reported in present tense. Some examples are “he takes the lead by four” and “she’s in position.” One linguist characterizes radio play-by-play commentary as “a monologue directed at an unknown,unseen mass audience who voluntarily choose to listen…and provide no feedback to the speaker.” It is these characteristics that make this kind of commentary unlike any other type of speech situation.The chief feature of play-by-play commentary is a highly formulaic style of presentation. There is distinctive grammar not only in the use of the present tense but also in the omission of certain element s of sentence structure. For example “Smith in close” eliminates the verb, as some newspaper headlines do. Another example is inverted word order, as in “over at third is Johnson.” Play-by-play commentary is very fluent, keeping up with the pace of the action. The rate is steady and there is little silence. The structure of the commentary is cyclical, reflecting the way most games consist of recurring sequences of short activities---as in tennis and baseball---or a limited number of activity options---as in the various kinds of football. In racing, the structure is even simpler, with the commentator informing the listener of the varying order of the competitors in a “state of play” summary, which is crucial for listeners or viewers who have just tuned in.1.Which of the following statements is true of color commentary?A.It narrates the action of the event in real time, using the present tense.B.It is a monologue given to an audience that does not respond to the speaker.C.It is steady and fluent because it must keep up with the action of the event.D.It gives background on the event, and interprets and evaluates the event.2.Why does the author quote a linguist in paragraph 2?A.To describe the uniqueness of radio play-by-playB.To show how technical sports commentary isC.To give examples of play-by-play commentaryD.To criticize past trends in sports commentary3.It can be inferred from the passage that the author most likely agrees with which of the following statements about sports commentary?A.Color commentary is more important than play-by-play commentaryB.Sports commentators do not need special knowledge of the sport.mentary enhances the excitement and enjoyment of sports.D.Sports commentators should work hard to improve their grammar.答案:1. D2. A3.C。

雅思模拟试题及答案一、听力部分1. What is the man going to do next?A. Buy a giftB. Go to the libraryC. Visit a friend2. How much will the woman pay for the ticket?A. $10B. $20C. $303. What is the relationship between the speakers?A. ColleaguesB. FriendsC. Family members4. Why is the man worried?A. He has lost his wallet.B. He is late for work.C. He has missed his flight.5. What does the woman suggest doing?A. Going to a restaurantB. Cooking at homeC. Ordering takeout二、阅读部分Passage 1Questions 6-10What is the main idea of the passage?6. The importance of sleep.7. The impact of technology on sleep.8. The benefits of exercise.9. The role of diet in health.10. The effects of stress on the body.Passage 2Questions 11-15What is the author's opinion on the new policy?11. It is necessary and effective.12. It is unnecessary and harmful.13. It is too early to tell.14. It is a good start but needs improvement.15. It is not relevant to the issue.Passage 3Questions 16-20What does the study suggest about the future of the industry?16. It will decline rapidly.17. It will grow steadily.18. It will remain stable.19. It will experience fluctuations.20. It will be replaced by another industry.三、写作部分Task 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show the percentage of water usage in agriculture, industry, and domestic purposes in a certain country from 2000 to 2020.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Task 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.Some people think that the government should decide the subject for students to study at university. Others believe that students should be free to choose whatever subjects they wish. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.四、口语部分Part 1Questions 21-2521. What kind of music do you like?22. Do you prefer to watch movies at home or in a cinema?23. How often do you go shopping?24. Do you like to cook? Why or why not?25. What do you usually do in your free time?Part 2Cue CardDescribe a place you visited that was particularly memorable. You should say:- Where it was- When you went there- What you did there- And explain why it was memorable.Part 3Questions 26-3026. What are the benefits of traveling?27. Do you think traveling is expensive?28. What are some popular tourist destinations in your country?29. How do people plan their vacations?30. What are some common problems people face while traveling?听力部分答案1. C2. B3. A4. A5. B阅读部分答案Passage 16. A7. B8. C9. D10. EPassage 211. C12. D13. E14. F15. GPassage 316. H17. I18. J19. K20. L写作部分答案Task 1- Agriculture accounted for the largest percentage of water usage.- Industry saw a steady decline in water usage.- Domestic water usage increased slightly over the period.Task 2- Some argue that the government should determine university subjects.- Others believe students should have the freedom to choose. - In my opinion, a balance between guidance and choice is necessary.口语部分答案Part 1- Answers will vary based on individual preferences and experiences.Part 2- Describes a memorable place visited.- Provides details about the location, time, activities, and reasons for its memorability.Part 3- Discusses the benefits and costs of traveling.- Discusses popular destinations and planning methods.- Addresses common problems faced by travelers.。

2019年雅思写作模拟试题：读报雅思大作文题目：Somepeople think news have no connection to peoples lives, so then it is a wasteof time to read the news in the newspaper and watch television news programs.To what extent do you agree or disagree?雅思大作文解题思路：1. 完全不同意嘛!首先，报纸怎么可能和日常生活无关?事实正好倒过来，报纸的新闻反映出的就是我们每天生活的点滴改变。

举例，城市的都市日报讲的全是和老百姓衣食住行相关的话题，比如说哪里修路，哪家超市搞促销等等，这让老百姓能合理地安排自己的出行计划。

2. 第二，通过观看那些电视上的新闻更新，如天气预报，以及关于流行病和地震的警报，人们能及时地做出反应来避免灾害。

3. 第三，这些媒体能提供很多日常生活知识。

举例，做饭，卫生知识，健康保健，法律条文等等，这能给老百姓的生活提供实际指导。

4. 第四，看报纸是一种娱乐。

举例，阅读那些报纸上的小故事，或是思考字谜题，都能让读者获得一种精神上的放松和开心。

雅思大作文高分范文：Nowadays,there is an argument that reading mass media is a waste of time, because theyhave nothing to do with daily life. In myview, this assertion is ridiculous,because it fails to find out practical values of mass media in our lives. Myreasons will be explored as below.Firstly,the assertion of no connection between news and peoples lives isproblematic, because it is opposite to the truth. Today, the majority ofnewspapers and TV channels are regional media, and all they reflect and respondare closely related to day-to-day life among people. They typical example is akind of newspaper named City daily, which features focusing on every detail ofa certain urban area, such as the implementation of new social rules, therebuilding of transportation infrastructures, the discount time of malls, theschedule of exhibitions in museums and theatres, and even the price fluctuationof local food market. By reading the news happening around, urbanites can gainuseful suggestions and instructions for making proper decisions about theiroutdoor travelling, shopping, and leisure activities every day. Moreover,forecasts and social-crime reports from these media play a key role as areminder, which keeps audiences from the uncertainty and dangers. What is more,common knowledge and tips of life presented in newspaper, from cooking togardening, from children caring to money planning, teach readers with practicalexperience and skills, which helps to keep their lives in good trim.Anotherproblem of this assertion is that it underestimates the contributions thesemedia make to the mental health of the public. Generally speaking, in an agefull of fierce competition and stress, reading newspaper is an ideal way bywhich the audience can relax their minds, no matter whether the contents innewspaper are useful or not. For example, by taking a glance at the words onnewspaper that has no practicality at all, such as stories of historic eventsand people, tidbits about movie and sports stars, as well as introductions ofacademic knowledge about science and arts, readers can lift themselves up fromthe pressure, worries and anxiety. Therefore, mass media well serves a positivepurpose of entertainment which improves emotional stability and well-being ofthe public.Overall,I believe this assertion of denying the importance of mass media makes nosense. The truth is, newspaper and TV programs have been proven greatlymeaningful and valuable in the publics convenience, safety and entertainment.(412 words)。

2019年雅思阅读模拟试题：段落标题(2) The Problem of Scarce ResourcesSection AThe problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way, is not a new one. Every health system in an economically developed society is faced with the need to decide (either formally or informally) what proportion of the community's total resources should be spent on health-care; how resources are to be apportioned; what diseases and disabilities and which forms of treatment are to be given priority; which members of the community are to be given special consideration in respect of their health needs; and which forms of treatment are the most cost-effective.Section BWhat is new is that, from the 1950s onwards, there have been certain general changes in outlook about the finitude of resources as a whole and of health-care resources in particular, as well as more specific changes regarding the clientele of health-care resources and the cost to the community of those resources. Thus, in the 1950s and 1960s, there emerged an awareness in Western societies that resources for the provision of fossil fuel energy were finite and exhaustible and that the capacity of nature or the environment to sustain economic development and population was also finite. In other words, we became aware of the obvious fact that there were 'limits to growth'. The newconsciousness that there were also severe limits to health-care resources was part of this general revelation of the obvious. Looking back, it now seems quite incredible that in the national health systems that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World War, it was assumed without question that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle; the 'invisible hand' of economic progress would provide.Section CHowever, at exactly the same time as this newrealisation of the finite character of health-care resources was sinking in, an awareness of a contrary kind was developing in Western societies： that people have a basic right to health-care as a necessary condition of a proper human life. Like education, political and legal processes and institutions, public order, communication, transport and money supply, health-care came to be seen as one of the fundamental social facilities necessary for people to exercise their other rights as autonomous human beings. People are not in a position to exercise personal liberty and to be self-determining if they are poverty-stricken, or deprived of basic education, or do not live within a context of law and order. In the same way, basic health-care is a condition of the exercise of autonomy.Section DAlthough the language of 'rights' sometimes leads to confusion, by the late 1970s it was recognised in most societies that people have a right to health-care (though there has been considerable resistance in the United Statesto the idea that there is a formal right to health-care). Itis also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse. The state has no obligation to provide a health-care system itself, but to ensure that such a system is provided. Put another way, basic health-care is now recognised as a 'public good', rather than a 'private good' that one is expected to buy for oneself. As the 1976 declaration of the World Health Organisation put it：'The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of healthis one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition.' As has just been remarked, in a liberal society basic health is seen as one of the indispensable conditions for the exercise of personal autonomy.Section EJust at the time when it became obvious that health-care resources could not possibly meet the demands being made upon them, people were demanding that their fundamental right to health-care be satisfied by the state. The second set of more specific changes that have led to the present concern aboutthe distribution of health-care resources stems from the dramatic rise in health costs in most OECD countries, accompanied by large-scale demographic and social changes which have meant, to take one example, that elderly peopleare now major (and relatively very expensive) consumers of health-care resources. Thus in OECD countries as a whole, health costs increased from 3.8% of GDP in 1960 to 7% of GDPin 1980, and it has been predicted that the proportion of health costs to GDP will continue to increase. (In the US thecurrent figure is about 12% of GDP, and in Australia about 7.8% of GDR.)As a consequence, during the 1980s a kind of doomsday scenario (analogous to similar doomsday extrapolations about energy needs and fossil fuels or about population increases) was projected by health administrators, economists and politicians. In this scenario, ever-rising health costs were matched against static or declining resources.。

【2019最新】雅思阅读模拟试题（十一）(附答案)word版本本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==雅思阅读模拟试题（十一）(附答案)Selling Digital Music without Copy - protection Makes SenseA . It was uncharacteristically low - key for the industrys greatest showman . But the essay published this week by Steve Jobs , the boss of Apple , on his firms website under the unassuming title Thoughts on Music has nonetheless provoked a vigorous debate about the future of digital music , which Apple dominates with its iPod music - player and iTunes music - store . At issue is digital rights management the technology guarding downloaded music against theft . Since there is no common standard for DRM , it also has the side - effect that songs purchased for one type of music - player may not work on another . Apples DRM system , called FairPlay , is the most widespread . So it came as a surprise when Mr . Jobs called for DRM for digital music to be abolished .B . This is a change of tack for Apple . It has come underfire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has locked in customers . Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non - iPod music - players , any iTunes buyer will be deterred from switching to a device made by a rival firm , such as Sony or Microsoft . When French lawmakers drafted a bill last year compelling Apple to open up FairPlay to rivals , the company warned of state - sponsored piracy . Only DRM , it implied , could keep the pirates at bay .C . This week Mr . Jobs gave another explanation for his former defence of DRM : the record companies made him do it . They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM . They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised . Apple cannot license FairPlay to others , says Mr Jobs , because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly . All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry , says Mr Jobs ; without it there would be far more stores and players , and far more innovation . So , he suggests , why not do away with DRM and sell。

2019 年 11 月 02 日雅思考试真题机经内容回忆:The talk is about an analysis of business mode. 导师和学生一起讨论关于公司管理的论文。

答案回忆:匹配21-25 题干为5 种分析方法，然后选这些方法所对应的特征（business tool 的运用）List of ChoicesA.save business time and effortB.offer visual help or guideC.not suitable for their studyD.take long timeE.are difficult to useF.are applicable to companies in any size21.PEST method --- C（听力录音中提到 economic; have little use to their study; virtually）22.Drill down analysis --- E（听力录音中提到 hard to apply）23.Pareto analysis --- D（听力录音中提到 take ages,同义替换 take long time）24.PMI method --- A（听力录音中提到 easy to use, they provide visual data）25.SWOT method --- F单选26-3026.What is most useful in future for manufacturing factories in students’ opinion? 答案选BA.regulation of the reputation of companyB.experience of staff and employeesC.… major competitors27. What is tutor suggestion of manufacturing factories’ strengths? 答案选BB. oversea expansion opportunities28. Which one impresses the tutor to the greatest extent? 答案选BB.the new legal legislationC.find out new skills to the equipment29. 男的认为the most difficult part in the investigation is? 答案选CC. differences between practice and theory 理论和实践的区别30.What should the tutor improve this students’ report? 答案选AA.give a final recommendationB.report in a clear structureC.add more detailed information（答案仅供参考）Section FourVersion 场景题型旧V08405 大学毕业生就业情况调查填空 10 题内容回忆:This lecture is mainly about a survey of graduates’ employment.答案回忆:填空31-40Sentence Completion:31.Interviewees from which subject: business management32.Two research methods: email questionnaires (given) and phone interviews Which part is most satisfied?2019 年 11 月 02 日雅思阅读机经考题回忆——来自环球教育雅思考试院 & 环球教育深圳学校 俞秉欣老师Passage One新旧情况 题材 题目 题型旧 V12233人文艺术 Russia Ballet 俄罗斯芭蕾（戏剧发展史）判断 TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN 6 题 表格填空 7 题文章大意：全文按照时间和人物顺序安排。

雅思考试全真模拟试题及答案听力部分Section 1场景：旅行咨询题型：填空题1. 旅行的目的地是 _______。

2. 旅行日期是 _______。

3. 旅行者需要预订的酒店类型是 _______。

4. 酒店的房间号是 _______。

5. 旅行者需要的额外服务包括 _______。

6. 旅行者需要支付的总费用是 _______。

7. 旅行者选择了哪种支付方式 _______。

8. 旅行者需要在 _______ 之前完成支付。

9. 旅行者预订的航班号是 _______。

10. 旅行者需要在 _______ 之前到达机场。

答案：1. Paris2. 15th June3. Luxury4. 2045. Airport shuttle6. £3507. Credit card8. 10th June9. BA12310. 2 hoursSection 2场景：图书馆介绍题型：选择题11. 图书馆的开放时间是？A. 8:00 - 22:00B. 9:00 - 21:00C. 10:00 - 20:0012. 图书馆提供哪种类型的学习空间？A. Silent study areaB. Group study roomC. Both A and B13. 图书馆的自助打印机如何使用？A. Scan and print using the appB. Insert coins and printC. Use a library card14. 图书馆的在线数据库可以在哪里访问？A. Library websiteB. University portalC. Both A and B15. 图书馆的借书期限是多少？A. 2 weeksB. 3 weeksC. 1 month答案：11. B12. C13. A14. C15. B阅读部分Passage 1主题：城市化的影响题型：判断题16. 城市化导致人口密度增加。