学术论文翻译必备,通用类别专业学术翻译必备词汇

a herd of 一群abnormal [æbˈnɔ:rml] adj. 不正常的；变态的abstract [academic] [ˈæbstrækt] adj.抽象的；纯理论的absurd [CET6] [əbˈsɜ:d] adj.荒谬的；荒唐的abuse [CET4] [əˈbju:s] v.虐待academic [ˌækəˈdemɪk] adj. 学术的（尤指学识方面而非实践、技能上的）access [academic] [ˈækses] n.通道，入口；获取[接近]……的权利[方法] access [ˈækses] v. 存取，获取accessible [əkˈsesɪbəl] adj. 易到达的；易进入的account [əˈkaʊnt] n. 账号accurate [academic] [ˈækjərət] adj.精确的；准确的accuse [əˈkju:z] v. 指责某人有错、犯罪或犯法；控告；谴责acquire [academic] [əˈkwaɪə(r)] v.学习；获得adapt [əˈdæpt] v. 使适应，使适合（新用途、新情况）addict [CET4] [ˈædɪkt] n.对……入迷的人addictive [CET4] [əˈdɪktɪv] adj.易着迷的；易上瘾的address [CET4] [əˈdres] v.称呼adequate [ˈædɪkwət] adj. 足够的；合格的；合乎需要的adjust [academic] [əˈdʒʌst] v.适应；习惯adolescence [ˌædəˈlesns] n. 青春期advance [CET4] [ədˈvɑ:ns] n.进步；进展adventurous [CET4] [ədˈventʃərəs] adj.有冒险精神的；大胆开拓的advertiser [CET4] [ˈædvətaɪzə(r)] n.广告商；登广告者adviser [CET4] [ədˈvaɪzə(r)] n.顾问；（学生的）指导老师affect [academic] [əˈfekt] v.影响affect [əˈfekt] v. 影响agent [ˈeɪdʒənt] n. （商业、政治等的）代理人，经纪人agent [ˈeɪdʒənt] n. 动力；媒介；因素；工具alert [əˈlɜːt] v. 使警觉；向…发出警报alternative [ɔ:lˈtɜ:nətɪv] n. 可供选择的事物analysis [əˈnæləsɪs] n. （对事物的）分析，分析结果announcer [CET4] [əˈnaʊnsə(r)] n.广播员，播音员，节目主持人anonymously [əˈnɒnəməslɪ] adv. 无名地，不署名地anticipate [academic] [ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt] v.预见，预期antisocial [CET4] [ˌæntiˈsəʊʃl] adj.不合群的；孤僻的apparent [əˈpærənt] adj. 显而易见的；明白易懂的；显然的appeal [CET4] [əˈpi:] n.吸引力，感染力appeal [əˈpiːl] v. 吸引人application [CET4] [ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn] n.（尤指理论、发现等的）应用，运用apply [CET4] [əˈplaɪ] v.使用；应用approach [academic] [əˈprəʊtʃ] n.方式，方法appropriate [academic] [əˈprəʊpriət] adj.合适的，恰当的appropriately [əˈprəʊprɪətlɪ] adv. 适当地approval [əˈpru:vl] n. 赞成；认可；满意；同意approximately [əˈprɒksɪmətli] adv. 大概；大约；约莫arbitrary [academic] [ˈɑ:bɪtrərɪ] adj.任意的；武断的Argentina [CET4] [ˌɑ:dʒənˈti:nə] n.阿根廷argument [ˈɑ:gjumənt] n. 争论；争吵arranged marriage 包办婚姻arson [CET4] [ˈɑ:sn] n.纵火（罪）artificial [CET4] [ ˌɑ:tɪˈfɪʃl] adj.人为的；非自然的artistic [CET4] [ɑ:ˈtɪstɪk] adj.有艺术天赋的；有艺术鉴赏力的ashamed [əˈʃeɪmd] adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬aspect [ˈæspekt] n. 方面assault [CET6] [əˈsɔ:lt] n.攻击；人身侵犯（罪）assault [əˈsɔ:lt] n. 侵犯他人身体（罪）assertive [əˈsɜ:tɪv] adj. 坚定自信的；主张坚决的assign [CET4] [əˈsaɪn] v.分配（某物）；分派，布置（工作、任务等）associate with [CET4] 联想；联系assume [CET4] [əˈsju:m] v.假定；假设assume [əˈsju:m] v. 假定；认为at a glance [CET4] 一眼；立刻at length 详细地attach [academic] [əˈtætʃ] v.与……有联系；与……有关联attachment [əˈtætʃmənt] n. （用电子邮件发送的）附件attribute [əˈtrɪbju:t] n. 属性；性质；特征audience [ˈɔːdiəns] n. 观众；听众authority [ɔ:ˈθɒrəti] n. 权力；权威available [academic] [əˈveɪləbl] adj.可获得的；可购得的；可找到的aware [academic] [əˈweə(r)] adj.知道的；意识到的aware [əˈweə(r)] adj. 意识到的，明白的，知道的awful [CET4] [ˈɔ:fl] adj.糟糕的；极讨厌的basis [CET4] [ˈbeɪsɪs] n.准则；方式be inclined to 倾向于…be involved in 包括到…中，被卷入…中be involved with 涉及，与…有关联beanstalk [CET4] [ˈbi:nstɔ:k] n.豆茎benefit [academic] [ˈbenɪfɪt] n.优势；益处bias [ˈbaɪəs] n. 偏见；偏心；偏向biased [CET4] [ˈbaɪəst] adj.有偏见的；片面的biological child 亲生子女blended family 混合家庭（成员包括夫妇、其子女以及先前与他人所生的子女）body image （人们通过外界对自己体形及性别特征吸引力的评价而形成的）自我感觉bombard [CET4] [bɒmˈbɑ:d] v.连珠炮般地提问；提供过多信息bond [bɒnd] n. 纽带；联系；关系boomerang [ˈbu:məræŋ] n. 回力镖，飞去来器bounce [baʊns] v. 把小孩放在膝上颠着玩break out [CET4] （战争、战斗或疾病）爆发bribe [CET4] [braɪb] n.贿赂bring up 抚养；养育；教养bully [ˈbʊli] v. 恐吓；伤害；胁迫bullying [ˈbuliŋ] n. 欺凌，恃强凌弱的行为burglarize [CET4] [ˈbɜ:gləraɪz] v.闯入…行窃capital [CET4] [ˈkæpɪtl] adj.死刑的carry out [CET4] 实施；执行catastrophe [kəˈtæstrəfi] n. 灾难，大祸，严重的不幸categorize [ˈkætəɡəraɪz] v. 对…进行分类category [CET4] [ˈkætəgərɪ] n.类别，种类cautious [ˈkɔːʃəs] adj. 小心的，谨慎的，慎重的celebration [CET6] [selɪˈbreɪʃn] n.庆典；庆祝活动celebrity [CET6] [səˈlebrətɪ] n.名人；名流celebrity [səˈlebrəti] n. 名人，明星challenge [ˈtʃæləndʒ] n. 挑战；艰巨任务channel [CET4] [ˈtʃænl] n.电视台；频道charge [CET4] [tʃɑ:dʒ] v.控告；起诉chase [tʃeɪs] v. 追逐，追赶；追捕chore [tʃɔ:(r)] n. 日常事务；例行工作circumstance [ˈsɜ:kəmstəns] n. （常复数）条件，环境，状况civilize [ˈsɪvəlaɪz] v. 教化，使有教养clarify [academic] [ˈklærəfaɪ] v.使……清楚；阐明classify [CET4] [ˈklæsɪfaɪ] v.将……分类clique [klik] n. 派系；小圈子；小集团（含贬义）close [CET4] [kləʊs] adj.亲密的；密切的close-up [ˈkləʊs ʌp] n. （照相、电影的）特写，特写镜头code [academic] [kəʊdɪŋ] v.编码coeducation [CET4] [kəʊˌedjʊ'keɪʃən] n.男女同校，男女同校制collaborate [kəˈlæbəreɪt] v. （尤指在科学或艺术方面）合作，协作collapse [kəˈlæps] v. 突然倒塌，坍塌colleague [academic] [ˈkɒli:g] n.同事；同僚colleague [ˈkɒli:g] n. 同事；同僚collective [kəˈlektɪv] adj. 集体的，共同的，共有的comic [ˈkɒmɪk] n. （尤指儿童看的）连环画杂志comment [academic] [ˈkɒment] n.议论；评论；解释commercial [CET4] [kəˈmɜ:ʃl] n.广告commit [academic] [kəˈmɪt] v.做（错或非法的事）；犯（罪或错等）commit [kəˈmɪt] v. 做（错误或非法的事）；犯（罪或错等）commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n. （对工作或某活动）献身，奉献，投入communication [academic] [kəˌmju:nɪˈkeɪʃn] n.表达；交流；交际community [academic] [kəˈmju:nətɪ] n.社区；社会community [kəˈmju:nəti] n. 社区；社会companionship [kəmˈpænjənʃɪp] n. 友谊；陪伴；友好交往compensation [ˌkɒmpenˈseɪʃn] n. 赔偿物；补偿金；赔偿compile [academic] [kəmˈpaɪl] v.收集，汇编；编制completely [CET4] [kəmˈpli:tlɪ] adv.彻底地；完全地complex [CET4] [ˈkɒmpleks] adj.复杂的；难懂的complex [ˈkɒmpleks] adj. 复杂的；难懂的；费解的complexity [kəmˈpleksɪti] n. 复杂性，错综复杂component [CET4] [kəmˈpəʊnənt] n.组成部分；成分concentrate [academic] [ˈkɒnsntreɪt] v.集中（注意力）；聚精会神concept [academic] [ˈkɒnsept] n.概念；观念concern [CET4] [kənˈsɜ:n] v.让（某人）担忧conclude [academic] [kənˈklu:d] v.结束confidential [ˌkɒnfɪˈdenʃəl] adj. 机密的；机要的confine [kənˈfaɪn] v. 限制；限定confirm [kənˈfɜ:m] v. （尤指提供证据来）证实，证明，确认conflict [ˈkɒnflɪkt] n. 冲突；争执conform to 顺从，顺应（大多数人或社会）；随潮流conformity [academic] [kənˈfɔ:mətɪ] n.遵从；一致，符合conformity [kənˈfɔ:məti] n. 遵从，一致confusion [CET4] [kənˈfju:ʒn] n.不确定；困惑connotation [CET6] [ˌkɒnəˈteɪʃn] n.含义；隐含意义conscious [CET4] [ˈkɒnʃəs] adj.意识到的；注意到的consequence [ˈkɒnsɪkwəns] n. 结果，后果consequently [ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli] adv. 因此；所以considerable [kənˈsɪdərəbl] adj. 相当多（或大、重要等）的consistent [kənˈsɪstənt] adj. 一贯的；持续的consistently [academic] [kən'sɪstəntlɪ] adv.一直地，持续地consistently [kən'sɪstəntlɪ] adv. 一致的；始终如一的constantly [academic] [ˈkɒnstəntlɪ] adv.始终；一直consumer [academic] [kənˈsju:mə(r)] n.消费者contact [academic] [ˈkɒntækt] n.联系，联络contagion [kənˈteɪdʒən] n. （疾病的）接触传染content [ˈkɒntent] n. 所容纳之物，内容contribute to 促成，造成contribution [ˌkɒntrɪˈbju:ʃn] n. 贡献；促成作用controversial [academic] [ˌkɒntrəˈvɜ:ʃl] adj.引起争论的；有争议的controversial [ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃəl] adj. 引起争论的，有争议的controversy [academic] [ˈkɒntrəvɜ:sɪ] n.争论，辩论convey [CET4] [kənˈveɪ] v.表达，传递convict [CET6] [kənˈvɪkt] v.定罪；宣判……有罪cooperation [kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn] n. 合作；协作cooperative [academic] [kəʊ'ɒpərətɪv] adj.合作的；协作的；同心协力的coronavirus 冠状病毒COVID-19corporate [ˈkɔ:pərət] adj. 公司的corporation [academic] [ˌkɔ:pəˈreɪʃn] n.（大）公司co-star [ˈkəʊstɑ:] n. （电影或戏剧中的）联袂主演明星count [CET4] [kaʊnt] v.认为；看作，算作；被视为counterfeit [ˈkaʊntəfɪt] adj. 伪造的；仿造的；假冒的courtesy [ˈkɜ:təsi] n. 有礼的举止，礼貌coverage [CET4] [ˈkʌvərɪdʒ] n.新闻报道co-worker [CET4] [ˈkəʊˌwɜ:kə] n.同事；合作者credit [academic] [ˈkredɪt] n.信誉，信用crime [kraɪm] n. （泛指）犯罪活动criminal [CET4] [ˈkrɪmɪnl] n.罪犯cripple [ˈkrɪpl] v. 严重毁坏（或损害）crush [krʌʃ] v. 破坏，毁坏（某人的信心或幸福）cuddle [ˈkʌdl] v. 拥抱；搂抱currency [ˈkʌrənsi] n. 货币，通货custody [ˈkʌstədi] n. （尤指父母离异后孩子的）监护权customize [ˈkʌstəmaɪz] v. 订制，订做，改制（以满足顾主的需要）cybercrime [ˈsaɪbəˌkraɪm] n. 网络犯罪cycle [ˈsaɪkəl] n. 循环（周期）data [academic] [ˈdeɪtə] n.数据；资料；材料debate [academic] [dɪˈbeɪt] n.争论，辩论，讨论decline [dɪˈklaɪn] n. （数量、价值、质量等的）减少，下降，衰落，衰退decline [dɪˈklaɪn] v. 减少，下降；衰弱，衰退defend [dɪˈfend] v. 防御；保护；保卫define [academic] [dɪˈfaɪn] v.解释（词语的）含义；给（词语）下定义definitely [academic] ['defɪnətlɪ] adv.确实；肯定地；当然definition [ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn] n. 定义，释义deliberately [dɪˈlɪbərɪtli] adv. 故意地，蓄意地deliver [CET4] [dɪˈlɪvə(r)] v.递送；传送demographics [ˌdeməˈgræfɪks]n. 人口统计数据depressed [academic] [dɪˈprest] adj.抑郁的；沮丧的；意志消沉的depressing [academic] [dɪˈpresɪŋ] adj.令人抑郁的；令人沮丧的depression [dɪˈpreʃn] n. 抑郁；沮丧；消沉deserve [CET4] [dɪˈzɜ:v] v.应得；应受destructive [dɪˈstrʌktɪv] adj. 毁灭性的，造成破坏的detective [dɪˈtektɪv] n. 侦探；警探detector [academic] [dɪˈtektə(r)] n.探测器；侦察器deter [dɪˈtɜ:(r)] v. 制止；阻止；威慑；使不敢detergent [CET4] [dɪˈtɜ:dʒənt] n.洗衣粉；洗涤剂deterrence [CET6] [dɪ'terəns] n.威慑，制止deterrent [dɪˈterənt] n. 威慑因素；遏制力deviance ['di:vɪəns] n. 偏常，异常，异常行为deviant [ˈdi:viənt] adj. 不正常的；异常的；偏离常轨的devote [academic] [dɪˈvəʊt] v.奉献，投入(时间、精力等)devote [dɪˈvəʊt] v. 把…用于dilemma [CET4] [dɪˈlemə] n.（进退两难的）窘境，困境directory [daɪˈrektəri] n. 姓名地址录，名录，电话簿discriminate [academic] [dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt] v.歧视；区别对待discrimination [academic] [dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn] n.歧视；区别对待discrimination [dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn] n. 区别对待；歧视；偏袒disdainful [CET4] [dɪsˈdeɪnfl] adj.轻蔑的；鄙视的disguise [dɪsˈɡaɪz] n. 伪装物，化装用具；伪装disobedient [ˌdɪsəˈbi:diənt] adj. 不服从的；违抗的disparity [CET6] [dɪˈspærətɪ] n.（尤指因不公正对待引起的）不同，不等；不一致disparity [dɪˈspærəti] n. （尤指因不公正对待引起的）不同，不等，差异display [dɪˈspleɪ] v. 陈列；展出；展示disposal [academic] [dɪˈspəʊzl] n.任某人处理；由某人自行支配distinct [dɪˈstɪŋkt] adj. 明显的，独特的distinctly [academic] [dɪ'stɪŋktlɪ] adv.清楚地；清晰地distinguish [CET4] [dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ] v.区分；辨别；分清distract [CET4] [dɪˈstrækt] v.转移（注意力）；分散（思想）；使分心distraction [CET4] [dɪˈstrækʃn] n.分散注意力的事；使人分心的事distraction [dɪˈstrækʃən] n. 使人分心的事物document [ˈdɒkjumənt] n. 文件；公文；文献；证件documentary [ˌdɒkjʊˈmentəri] n. 纪录片domain [CET6] [dəˈmeɪn] n.领土，领地，势力范围dominant [ˈdɒmɪnənt] adj. 首要的；占支配地位的；占优势的；显著的downside [CET4] [ˈdaʊnsaɪd] n.缺点；不利方面drawback [ˈdrɔːbæk] n. 不利因素；缺点，毛病dreary [ˈdrɪəri] adj. 令人沮丧的；沉闷的；枯燥无味的drove [CET6] [drəʊv] n.（移动的）人群，畜群dutiful [ˈdju:tɪfl] adj. 尽职的；顺从的；恭敬的dye [CET4] ['daɪ] v.给…染色dynamics [daɪˈnæmɪks] n. （人或事物）相互作用的方式，动态economic security 经济保障economy [academic] [ɪˈkɒnəmɪ] n.经济；经济情况；经济结构editor [academic] [ˈedɪtə(r)] n.主编，编辑eliminate [academic] [ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt] v.清除；消除embarrassed [CET6] [ɪmˈbærəst] adj.窘迫的，尴尬的，害羞的embarrassing [ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ] adj. 令人尴尬的，使人难堪的embezzlement [ɪmˈbezlmənt] n. 盗用，挪用，贪污，侵吞（款项）emerge [iˈmɜ:dʒ] v. 出现，浮现emergent [iˈmɜ:dʒənt] adj. 新出现的；处于萌芽阶段的emotional [ɪˈməʊʃənəl] adj. 情绪的，情感的emphasis [academic] [ˈemfəsɪs] n.强调；重视emphasize [ˈemfəsaɪz] v. 强调；重视；着重encounter [academic] [ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)] v.遭遇，遇到enforce [ɪnˈfɔ:s] v. 执行，实施（法律）enforcement [academic] [ɪn'fɔ:smənt] n.执行；实施engage [CET4] [ɪnˈgeɪdʒ] v.理解；适应engage [ɪnˈgeɪdʒ] v. 参与；从事enhance [ɪnˈhɑːns] v. 提高；改进；增强enormous [ɪˈnɔːməs] adj. （尺寸、数量）巨大的，庞大的entertainment [CET4] [ˌentəˈteɪnmənt] n.娱乐；文娱节目entertainment [ˌentəˈteɪnmənt] n. 娱乐节目；娱乐活动entry [ˈentri] n. （日记的）一则；（词典等的）条目equality [CET4] [iˈkwɒlətɪ] n.平等；均等；相等equate [ɪˈkweɪt] v. 同等看待；使等同equipment [ɪˈkwɪpmənt] n. 设备；器材essential [CET4] [ɪˈsenʃl] adj.本质的；基本的establish [academic] [ɪˈstæblɪʃ] v.建立estimate [academic] [ˈestɪmət]v.估计，估算estimate [ˈestɪmət] v. 估价；估算ethical [ˈeθɪkəl] adj. 关于伦理的ethnic [academic] [ˈeθnɪk] adj.民族的；种族的ethnicity [eθˈnɪsəti] n. 种族渊源；种族特点eventually [ɪˈventʃuəli] adv. 最后，终于evidence [academic] [ˈevɪdəns] n.证据，证词exacerbate [CET4] [ɪgˈzæsəbeɪt] v.使恶化；使加剧；使加重exaggerate [ɪgˈzædʒəreɪt] v. 夸张；夸大exclude [ɪkˈsklu:d] v. （故意）不包括；把…排除在外execution [CET4] [ˌeksɪˈkju:ʃn] n.依法处决executive [CET4] [ɪgˈzekjətɪv] n.主管，经理；高级行政人员，执行官executive [ɪgˈzekjətɪv] n. （公司或机构的）经理，主管领导，管理人员exert [CET4] [ɪgˈzɜ:t] v.运用，行使；发挥；施加expand [ɪkˈspænd] v. （使）扩大；增加expectation [ekspekˈteɪʃn] n. 预料；预期；期待expert [ˈekspɜ:t] n. 专家，行家，能手explode [CET4] [ɪkˈspləʊd] v.突增；激增explosive [ɪkˈspləʊsɪv] adj. （数量或数字）激增的expose [academic] [ɪk'spəʊz] v.使体验（情感、经历等），使学习（新事物）extensive [CET4] [ɪkˈstensɪv] adj.广阔的；广大的；大量的extensive [ɪkˈstensɪv] adj. 广阔的；大量的；大规模的extreme [CET4] [ɪkˈstri:m] adj.极端的；偏激的extremely [CET4] [ɪkˈstri:mlɪ] adv.极其；极端；非常fair [CET6] [feə(r)] adj.相当好的；不错的feature [ˈfi:tʃə(r)] n. 特色；特征；特点feminine [CET6] [ˈfemənɪn] adj.（语言）阴性的feminine [ˈfemənɪn] adj. （指气质或外貌）女性特有的，女性的，妇女的feminist [CET4] [ˈfemənɪst] n.& adj.女权主义者；主张女权的fertility [fəˈtɪləti] n. 多产，生育能力，繁殖力figure [CET4] [ˈfɪgə(r)] n.数字file [academic] [faɪl] n.档案；卷宗financial [faɪˈnænʃl] adj. 财政的，金融的，财务的fit [fɪt] v. 与相配；相协调；符合flawed [CET4] [flɔ:d] adj.有错误的；有缺点的flexibility [ˌfleksəˈbɪlətɪ] n. 灵活可变性focus [ˈfəʊkəs] v. 集中（注意力、精力等）于focus on [academic] 集中（注意力、精力等）于for instance [academic] 例如，比如forbid [fəˈbɪd] v. 禁止；不准format [academic] [ˈfɔ:mæt] n.形式，样式；设计，安排forum [ˈfɔ:rəm] n. 公共讨论场所；论坛；讨论会fraud [CET6] [frɔ:d] n.欺诈（罪）frustrated [CET4] [frʌˈstreɪtɪd] adj.懊恼的；沮丧的fulfill [fʊlˈfɪl] v. 完成，履行function [academic] [ˈfʌŋkʃn] n.作用；功能function [ˈfʌŋkʃən] n. （事物的）功能，作用；（某人的）职责furthermore [academic] [ ˌfɜ:ðəˈmɔ:(r)] adv.此外；而且furthermore [ˌfɜ:ðəˈmɔ:(r)] adv. 此外；而且；再者gang [CET4] [gæŋ] n.一帮（闹事、斗殴的年轻人）generation [academic] [ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn] n.一代人，同代人get married [CET4] 结婚；嫁娶giant [CET4] [ˈdʒaɪənt] n.（故事中常为残酷而愚蠢的）巨人glass ceiling [CET4] 玻璃天花板；无形障碍goal [gəʊl] n. 目标；目的govern [CET4] [ˈgʌvn] v.支配；影响；决定gratification [CET4] [ˌgrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] n.满足；满意；令人喜悦的事物guardianship [ˈgɑ:diənʃɪp] n. （法律）监护；监护地位；监护人的身份guideline [academic] [ˈgaɪdlaɪn] n.指导方针；准则guilty [CET4] [ˈgɪltɪ] adj.有过失的；有罪责的handle [CET4] [ˈhændl] v.处理，应付handle [ˈhændl] v. 处理，应付（局势、人、工作或感情）hang out [CET4] 常去某处；泡在某处harass [ˈhærəs] v. 骚扰harassment [ˈhærəsmənt] n. 骚扰hardened [CET4] ['hɑ:dnd] adj.硬心肠的；冷酷无情的harsh [CET4] [hɑ:ʃ] adj.残酷的；严厉的headline [CET4] [ˈhedlaɪn] n.标题；新闻提要heritage [CET4] [ˈherɪtɪdʒ] n.遗产highlight [ˈhaɪlaɪt] v. 使…突出，使注意力集中于homemaker [ˈhəʊmmeɪkə(r)] n. 料理家务者；操持家务者homicide [CET4] [ˈhɒmɪsaɪd] n.（蓄意）杀人hormone [ˈhɔ:məʊn] n. 荷尔蒙；激素horrific [CET4] [həˈrɪfɪk] adj.极坏的；令人震惊的hostile [ˈhɒstaɪl] adj. 怀有敌意的，敌对的，不友善的hostility [CET4] [hɒˈstɪlətɪ] n.敌意；对抗household [ˈhaʊshəʊld] n. 一家人；家庭humiliation [hju:ˌmɪlɪˈeɪʃn] n. 耻辱；屈辱；丢脸；蒙羞humility [hju:ˈmɪləti] n. 谦逊，谦恭hysterical [CET6] [hɪˈsterɪkl] adj.极其可笑的identical [academic] [aɪˈdentɪkl] adj.相同的identification [aɪˌdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] n. 确认；识别identify [aɪˈdentɪfaɪ] v. 确定；发现identity [academic] [aɪˈdentətɪ] n.身份identity [aɪˈdentəti] n. 身份ignore [ɪgˈnɔ:(r)] v. （故意对知道的事）置之不理illegal [academic] [ɪˈli:gl] adj.不合法的；非法的illegally [ɪˈliːɡəli] adv. 非法地，违法地illustrate [ˈɪləstreɪt] v. 说明，阐明image [academic] [ˈɪmɪdʒ] n.形象，印象image [ˈɪmɪdʒ] n. （心目中的）形象，印象imitate [ˈɪmɪteɪt] v. 模仿；仿效immediacy [ɪˈmiːdiəsi] n. 即时；紧迫；刻不容缓immigrant [academic] [ˈɪmɪgrənt] n.移民；外侨immigrate [ˈɪmɪgreɪt] v. （从外地）移居，移民impact [academic] [ˈɪmpækt] n.影响implication [academic] [ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃn] n.可能的影响（或作用、结果）imply [CET4] [ɪmˈplaɪ] v.说明；表明imposition [ˌɪmpəˈzɪʃn] n. （新法律或规则等的）颁布，实施；（新税的）征收imprisonment [CET4] [ɪm'prɪznmənt] n.关押；监禁in comparison 比较in contrast 相反inaccessible [ˌɪnækˈsesəbl] adj. 难到达的；不可及的incapacitation [ɪnkəpæsɪˈteɪʃən] n. 无能力；隔离惩罚incarceration [ɪnˌkɑ:səˈreɪʃn] n. 监禁；禁闭incident [academic] [ˈɪnsɪdənt] n.严重事件，事故；暴力事件incidentally [academic] [ˌɪnsɪˈdentlɪ] adv.顺便谈及；顺便提一下incline [ɪnˈklaɪn] v. 使倾向于（某种行动或观点）income [ˈɪnkʌm] n. 收入，收益increasingly [CET4] [ɪnˈkri:sɪŋlɪ] adv.越来越多地；不断增加地indicate [ˈɪndɪkeɪt] v. 表明，显示individual [ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl] n. 个人individualism [ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəlɪzəm] n. 个人主义（视个人权利和自由至上的信仰）industrialized [ɪnˈdʌstriəlaɪzd] adj. 工业化的influence [ˈɪnfluəns] n. 影响（力），作用ingrained [CET6] [ɪnˈgreɪnd] adj.根深蒂固的；日久难改的initial [ɪˈnɪʃl] adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的in-law [ˈɪn lɔ:] n. 姻亲；内亲inmate [ˈɪnmeɪt] n. （监狱或精神病院等处）同住者；同狱犯人；同病房者innate [CET4] [ɪˈneɪt] adj.天生的；先天的innocent [CET4] [ˈɪnəsnt] adj.无辜的；清白的；无罪的insist on [CET4] 执意继续做inspire [ɪnˈspaɪə] v. 鼓舞，激励instant [CET4] [ˈɪnstənt] adj.立即的；立刻的institution [academic] [ˌɪnstɪˈtju:ʃn] n.机构institution [ˌɪnstɪˈtju:ʃn] n. 由来已久的风俗、习惯institutional [ˌɪnstɪˈtju:ʃənl] adj. 已形成制度的；惯例的instructional [ɪnˈstrʌkʃənəl] adj. 提供指导的；教学用的intelligence [ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns] n. 智力；才智；智慧intelligent [academic] [ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt] adj.聪颖的；有才智的intense [ɪnˈtens] adj. 很大的；十分强烈的interact [academic] [ˌɪntərˈækt] v.交流，沟通；互动interactive [ˌɪntərˈæktɪv] adj. （人与计算机程序、电视系统等）交互的，互动的interfere [CET4] [ˌɪntəˈfɪə(r)] v.干涉；干预；介入internalize [CET6] [ɪnˈtɜ:nəlaɪz] v.使(信仰、价值观等)内在化；吸收intimate [CET4] [ˈɪntɪmət] adj.亲密的；个人的；秘密的invade [CET4] [ɪnˈveɪd] v.侵扰；干扰invasion [CET4] [ɪnˈveɪʒn] n.侵犯；干预invasion [ɪnˈveɪʒən] n. 侵略，侵犯invest [ɪnˈvest] v. 投资investigation [ɪnˌvestɪˈɡeɪʃən] n. （对犯罪、事故或科学问题等进行的正式的）调查，侦查invisible [academic] [ɪnˈvɪzəbl] adj.看不见的；隐形的invisible [ɪnˈvɪzəbl] adj. 看不见的；隐形的involve [ɪnˈvɒlv] v. 使…参与（某活动）或陷入（某情况）involved [academic] [ɪnˈvɒlvd] adj.与某人有密切关系的irrational [ɪˈræʃənl] adj. 非理性的，不合理的，荒谬的irreplaceable [CET4] [ˌɪrɪˈpleɪsəbl] adj.不能替代的irritation [CET4] [ˌɪrɪ'teɪʃn] n.生气，气恼isolate [ˈaɪsəleɪt] v. 孤立，隔离isolated [ˈaɪsəleɪtɪd] adj. 孤单的，孤独的issue [academic] [ɪsjuː] n.问题，议题issue [ˈɪsjuː] n. （尤指社会或政治方面的）议题；争论的问题item [academic] [ˈaɪtəm] n.一件商品或物品item [ˈaɪtəm] n. 一件商品（或物品）jail [CET4] [dʒeɪl] n.监狱jealous [CET4] [ˈdʒeləs] adj.妒羡的；忌妒的journalist [CET4] [ˈdʒɜ:nəlɪst] n.新闻记者；新闻工作者kidnap [CET6] [ˈkɪdnæp] v.劫持；绑架labor [ˈleɪbə(r)] n. 劳动；（尤指）体力劳动law enforcement agencies 执法机构leak [liːk] v. 透露，泄露（秘密给报纸、电视台等）legal [academic] [ˈli:gl] adj.合法的；法律要求的legitimate [lɪˈdʒɪtɪmət] adj. 正当合理的；合情合理的libel [CET4] [ˈlaɪbl] n.诽谤（罪）liberal [CET4] [ˈlɪbərəl] adj.开明的，开放的license [academic] [ˈlaɪsns] n.许可证，执照；特许license [ˈlaɪsns] n. 许可证；执照life expectancy 预期寿命link [academic] [lɪŋk] v.联系；相关联literacy [ˈlɪtərəsi] n. 读写能力，识字longevity [lɒnˈdʒevəti] n. 长寿；持久lockdown 封锁look forward to [CET4] 期待；盼望macho [CET4] [ˈmætʃəʊ] adj.大男子气概的；男子汉的macho [ˈmætʃəʊ] adj. 大男子气的；男子汉的mailman [CET4] [ˈmeɪlmæn] n.邮递员major [academic] [ˈmeɪdʒə(r)] adj.主要的；重要的majority [academic] [məˈdʒɒrətɪ] n.大部分；大多数majority [məˈdʒɔ:rəti] n. 大部分，大多数marital [CET4] [ˈmærɪtl] adj.婚姻的；夫妻关系的masculine [CET6] [ˈmæskjəlɪn] adj.（语言）阳性的masculine [ˈmæskjəlɪn] adj. 男子汉的；男人的；像男人的masculinity [ˌmæskjuˈlɪnəti] n. 男子气概；男性；阳性mass media 大众传媒mass media [academic] 大众传媒mature [academic] [məˈtʃʊə(r)] v.成熟，长成mature [məˈtʃʊə(r)] v. 成熟；长成maximum [academic] [ˈmæksɪməm] adj.最大的；最快的；最大极限的mechanical [məˈkænɪkl] adj. 机械方面的；机械原理的median age 年龄中位数mental [ˈmentl] adj. 精神的，心理的mention [ˈmenʃən] n. 提及，说起micromanage [ˈmaɪkrəʊmænɪdʒ] v. 细致入微地管理minimize [ˈmɪnɪmaɪz] v. 把…减至最小量（程度）minor [ˈmaɪnə] adj. 小的，不很重要的，不很严重的minority [maɪˈnɒrəti] n. 少数派，少数民族，少数群体misbehave [CET4] [ˌmɪsbɪˈheɪv] v.举止失礼，行为粗鲁misinform [CET4] [ˌmɪsɪnˈfɔ:m] v.误报；误传misrepresent [CET4] [ˌmɪsˌreprɪˈzent] v.误传；不实报道；歪曲model [ˈmɒdl] v. 以…为榜样；仿效monitor [academic] [ˈmɒnɪtə(r)] v.监测；监督；密切注视moral [academic] [ˈmɒrəl] adj.道义上的；道德上的motivation [academic] [ˌməʊtɪ'veɪʃn] n.动力；动机；诱因muscular [ˈmʌskjələ(r)] adj. 强壮的；肌肉发达的navigate [ˈnævɪɡeɪt] v. 导航，指引方向necessity [CET4] [nəˈsesətɪ] n.必需的事物；必需品negative [academic] [ˈnegətɪv] adj.坏的，有害的negative [ˈnegətɪv] adj. 消极的，负面的；缺乏热情的network [academic] [ˈnetwɜ:k] n.关系网；人际网neutral [academic] [ˈnju:trəl] adj.中立的；无倾向性的neutral [ˈnju:trəl] adj. 中立的；持平的；无倾向性的Niger [CET4] [ni:'ʒeə(r) ] n.尼日尔norm [nɔ:rm] n. 常态；标准；准则；规范normal [academic] [ˈnɔ:ml] adj.典型的；正常的；一般的nostalgia [CET6] [nɒˈstældʒə] n.怀旧；念旧nuisance [ˈnjuːsəns] n. 讨厌（麻烦）的人（事物、情况）objection [CET4] [əbˈdʒekʃn] n.反对的理由；反对obsess [CET6] [əbˈses] v.使痴迷；使迷恋；使着迷obvious [ˈɒbviəs] adj. 明显的；显然的；易理解的occupation [ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn] n. 工作；职业occur [əˈkɜ:(r)] v. 发生offender [CET4] [əˈfendə(r)] n.犯罪者；违法者opponent [əˈpəʊnənt] n. （竞争、比赛、打斗、争执等的）对手，敌手oppose [CET4] [əˈpəʊz] v.反对（计划、政策等）；抵制oppose [əˈpəʊz] v. 反对；阻碍outweigh [CET4] [ˌaʊtˈweɪ] v.重于；大于；超过overview [academic] [ˈəʊvəvju:] n.概述panel [ˈpænl] n. （进行公开讨论或作决策的）专门小组panic [ˈpænɪk] n. 惶恐，惊恐，惊慌participate [academic] [pɑ:ˈtɪsɪpeɪt] v.参加；参与passive [academic] [ˈpæsɪv] adj.消极的；被动的peer [pɪə(r)] n. 同龄人；社会地位相同的人penalty [CET4] [ˈpenəltɪ] n.处罚；惩罚penalty [ˈpenəlti] n. （因违反法律、规则或合约而受到的）惩罚，处罚penetrate [CET4] [ˈpenɪtreɪt] v.渗透，打入；影响perceive [pəˈsi:v] v. 注意到；意识到；察觉到percent [academic] [pə'sent] n.百分比，百分数percentage [academic] [pəˈsentɪdʒ] n.百分率；百分比period [ˈpɪəriəd] n. 一段时间；时期persist [pəˈsɪst] v. 持续；存留persistent [pəˈsɪstənt] adj. 连绵的；持续的；反复出现的personally [CET4] [ˈpɜ:sənəlɪ] adv.就本人而言；就个人意见perspective [academic] [pəˈspektɪv] n.态度；观点；思考方法perspective [pəˈspektɪv] n. （思考问题的）角度，观点，想法pervasive [pəˈveɪsɪv] adj. 到处存在的，到处弥漫着的，遍布的pharmacist [ˈfɑ:məsɪst] n. 药剂师pharmacy [CET6] [ˈfɑ:məsɪ] n.药房；药店phase [academic] [feɪz] n.阶段；时期physical [academic] [ˈfɪzɪkl] adj.身体的；肉体的physical [ˈfɪzɪkl] adj. 身体的；肉体的；躯体的physically [academic] [ˈfɪzɪklɪ] adv.身体上；肉体上pickpocket [CET4] [ˈpɪkpɒkɪt] n.扒手；小偷pierce [CET4] [pɪəs] v.刺破；穿透pilgrim [ˈpɪlgrɪm] n. 朝圣者，香客plastic surgery [CET4] 整形手术plus [academic] [plʌs] conj.和；也；外加portable [ˈpɔːtəbəl] adj. 手提式的，便携式的，轻便的portray [pɔ:ˈtreɪ] v. 将…描写成；给人以某种印象position [CET4] [pəˈzɪʃn] n.职位；职务positive [academic] [ˈpɒzətɪv] adj.良好的；积极的；正面的positive [ˈpɒzətɪv] adj. 积极的，建设性的；朝着成功的postpone [pəˈspəʊn] v. 延迟，延期potential [academic] [pəˈtenʃl] adj.潜在的；可能的potential [pəˈtenʃl] adj. 潜在的；可能的precaution [prɪˈkɔːʃən] n. 预防措施preceding [prɪˈsiːdɪŋ] adj. 在前的，在先的；前面的precisely [CET4] [prɪˈsaɪslɪ] adv.（强调真实或明显）正是，确实predict [prɪˈdɪkt] v. 预言；预告；预报presumably [academic] [prɪˈzju:məblɪ] adv.很可能；大概primarily [praɪˈmerəli] adv. 主要地；根本地primary [ˈpraɪməri] adj. 主要的；最重要的；基本的primitive [ˈprɪmətɪv] adj. 原始的，远古的principle [academic] [ˈprɪnsəpl] n.法则；原则privilege [ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ] n. 特殊利益；优惠待遇probation [prəˈbeɪʃn] n. 缓刑制；缓刑assist [əˈsɪst] v. 帮助；协助；援助productive [CET4] [prəˈdʌktɪv] adj.有效益的；富有成效的professional [academic] [prəˈfeʃənl] adj.职业的，专业的professional [prəˈfeʃənl] adj. 专业的，内行的prohibit [prəˈhɪbɪt] v. （尤指以法令）禁止property [ˈprɒpəti] n. 所有物；财产；财物proportion [academic] [prəˈpɔ:ʃn] n.比例prosecute [CET6] [ˈprɒsɪkju:t] v.起诉；控告prosecute [ˈprɒsɪkju:t] v. 起诉；控告；检举prostitution [ˌprɒstɪˈtju:ʃn] n. 卖淫；为娼protest [prəˈtest] v. 抗议，反对provider [prəˈvaɪdə(r)] n. 供应者；提供者；供养人psychological [academic] [ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl] adj.心理的；精神上的publication [academic] [ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃn] n.出版物punitive [ˈpju:nətɪv] adj. 惩罚性的；刑罚的；处罚的raise [CET4] [reɪz] v.抚养；养育；培养random [academic] [ˈrændəm] adj.任意的；随机的；偶然的ratio [academic] [ˈreɪʃiəʊ] n.比率；比例react [academic] [riˈækt] v.（对…）作出反应；回应react [riˈækt] v. 起反应；（对…）作出反应；回应reaction [academic] [riˈækʃn] n.反应；回应realm [CET4] [relm] n.领域；场所rear [rɪə(r)] v. 抚养；养育；培养rebel [rɪˈbel] v. 反叛rebellious [rɪˈbeljəs] adj. 反抗的，难控制的，反叛的recidivist [CET6] [rɪˈsɪdɪvɪst] n.惯犯；累犯者recipe [CET6] [ˈresəpɪ] n.方法；秘诀；诀窍recreation [ˌrekriˈeɪʃn] n. 娱乐，消遣regard [rɪˈgɑ:d] v. 将…认为；把…视为；看待region [academic] [ˈri:dʒən] n.地区，区域regulation [ˌreɡjʊˈleɪʃn] n. （常用复数）章程；规章制度；规则；法规rehabilitation [CET4] [ˌri:əˌbɪlɪ'teɪʃn] n.（病人的）康复；（罪犯的）改造rehabilitation [ˌri:əˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃn] n. 康复；恢复；塑新reinforce [ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:s] v. 加强；充实；使更强烈reinforcement [academic] [ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:smənt] n.巩固，加强；<心>强化reinstate [CET6] [ˌri:ɪnˈsteɪt] v.使恢复原状relatively [ˈrelətɪvli] adv. 相当程度上；相对地release [academic] [rɪˈli:s] v.释放；放出release [rɪˈli:s] n. 释放；获释religious [rɪˈlɪdʒəs] adj. 宗教的rely on 依赖；依靠remain [rɪˈmeɪn] v. 仍然是；保持不变remark [rɪˈmɑːk] n. 评论；言论；意见reporter [CET4] [rɪˈpɔ:tə(r)] n.记者；通讯员reputation [CET4] [ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn] n.名誉；名声require [academic] [rɪˈkwaɪə(r)] v.需要；有赖于……researcher [academic] [rɪ'sɜ:tʃə(r)] n.研究者，调查者researcher [rɪ'sɜ:tʃə(r)] n. 研究员；调查者resemble [CET4] [rɪˈzembl] v.看起来像；显得像resent [CET4] [rɪˈzent] v.怨恨；愤恨；厌恶resent [rɪˈzent] v. 愤恨；气愤resign [rɪˈzaɪn] v. 辞职；放弃resist [rɪˈzɪst] v. 抵制；阻挡respond [rɪˈspɒnd] v. （口头或书面）回答，回应respondent [rɪˈspɒndənt] n. 回答问题的人；（尤指）调查对象response [academic] [rɪˈspɒns] n.反应；响应responsibility [rɪˌspɒnsɪˈbɪlɪti] n. 责任restriction [CET4] [rɪˈstrɪkʃn] n.限制；约束retribution [ˌretrɪˈbju:ʃn] n. 严惩；惩罚；报应retrieve [rɪˈtri:v] v. 取回；索回reveal [rɪˈvi:l] v. 揭示；显示；透露revenge [CET6] [rɪˈvendʒ] n.报复；报仇revolution [academic] [ˌrevəˈlu:ʃn] n.巨变，大变革；革命reward [CET4] [rɪˈwɔ:d] n.奖励；回报riot [ˈraɪət] v. 暴乱，暴动ritual [CET6] [ˈrɪtʃuəl] n.典礼roam [CET4] [rəʊm] v.徜徉；闲逛role [academic] [rəʊl] n.职能；地位；角色rough [rʌf] adj. 粗暴的；粗野的；猛烈的rowdy [CET4] [ˈraʊdɪ] adj.吵闹的；惹是生非的royalty [ˈrɔɪəlti] n. 王室（王族）成员ruin [CET4] [ˈru:ɪn] v.毁坏；破坏ruling [ˈru:lɪŋ] n. 裁决；裁定；判决rumor [ˈruːmə] n. 谣言，传闻sanction [ˈsæŋkʃn] n. 制裁；约束；处罚scandal [ˈskændl] n. （尤指牵涉重要人物的）丑闻，丑事scandalous [CET4] [ˈskændələs] adj.令人反感的；令人愤慨的security [academic] [sɪˈkjʊərətɪ] n.保卫部门；保安部门self-esteem [self ɪˈsti:m] n. 自尊（心）self-reliant [ˌself rɪˈlaɪənt] adj. 自立的；自力更生的；自主的sensitive [ˈsensɪtɪv] adj. 需小心处理的，敏感的，可能触怒人的sentence [ˈsentəns] n. 判决；宣判；判刑sentimental [CET4] [ˌsentɪˈmentl] adj.情感的setting [ˈsetɪŋ] n. 环境；背景severe [sɪˈvɪə(r)] adj. （问题、伤势、疾病等）很严重的severely [CET4] [sə'vɪəlɪ] adv.严重地；严厉地severity [sɪˈverətɪ] n. 严格；严厉；剧烈sexism [ˈseksɪzəm] n. 性别歧视sexist [CET4] [ˈseksɪst] adj.性别歧视的sexual [academic] [ˈsekʃuəl] adj.性行为的；性的sexualize [ˈsekʃuəlaɪz] v. 使有性别；使有性征shallow [CET4] [ˈʃæləʊ] adj.（人、观点、评论等）肤浅的；浅薄的shelter [CET4] [ˈʃeltə(r）] n.居所；住处shift [academic] [ʃɪft] v.移动；转变shift [ʃɪft] n. 改变，转换shift [ʃɪft] v. （情况、意见、政策等）变换；更替；变动significantly [sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli] adv. 显著地，明显地；有重大意义地similar [academic] [ˈsɪmələ(r)] adj.相像的；相仿的site [academic] [saɪt] n.网站；站点skewed [CET6] [skju:d] adj.歪曲的；有偏颇的slack [CET6] [slæk] adj.懈怠的；不用心的social isolation 社会性隔离socialization [ˌsəʊʃəlaɪˈzeɪʃn] n. 社会化socialize [ˈsəʊʃəlaɪz] v. 使社会化socioeconomic group 社会经济群体sociological [ˌsəʊsɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl] adj. 与社会学相关的sociologist [ˌsəʊsiˈɒlədʒɪst] n. 社会学家sole [səʊl] adj. 仅有的；唯一的solid [CET4] [ˈsɒlɪd] adj.固体的；坚硬的source [sɔ:s] n. 来源；出处span [spæŋ] n. （两个日期或事件之间的）时距，期间specialized [CET4] [ˈspeʃəlaɪzd] adj.专门的；专业的specific [academic] [spə'sɪfɪk] adj.详细的，明确的specifically [academic] [spəˈsɪfɪklɪ] adv.专门地，特别地spontaneous [spɒnˈteɪniəs] adj. 自发的；一时冲动的spouse [spaʊs] n. 配偶stampede [stæmˈpi:d] n. （指人）突然的大规模移动statistic [academic] [stəˈtɪstɪk] n.统计数据statistical [academic] [stə'tɪstɪkl] adj.统计的；统计学的statistics [stəˈtɪstɪks] n. 统计数字；统计资料status [CET4] [ˈsteɪtəs] n.法律地位（或身份）status [ˈsteɪtəs] n. 地位；身份；职位stereo [CET4] [ˈsteriəʊ] n.立体声音响（或录音机等）stereotype [CET6] [ˈsteriətaɪp] n.模式化的形象(或特征)；刻板印象stereotype [ˈsteriətaɪp] n. 模式化观念（或形象）；老一套；刻板印象still [stɪl] adv. （用于加强比较级）还要，更storyline [ˈstɔ:rilaɪn] n. （小说、戏剧、电影等的）故事情节strain [streɪn] n. 对智力﹑体力﹑财力﹑能力等的严格要求；负担；压力strand [strænd] n. （线、绳、金属线、毛发等的）股，缕stress [stres] n. 紧张；精神压力，心理负担stressful [ˈstresfl] adj. 压力重的；紧张的structure [academic] [ˈstrʌktʃə(r)] n.结构，构造struggle [ˈstrʌgl] n. 斗争；奋斗；努力submissive [səbˈmɪsɪv] adj. 唯命是从的；顺从的；驯服的；听话的subordinate [səˈbɔ:dɪnət] adj. 隶属的；从属的；下级的suburb [ˈsʌbɜ:b] n. 郊区；城外sue [CET6] [su:] v.控告；提起诉讼sufficient [səˈfɪʃnt] adj. 足够的；充足的suggest [səˈdʒest] v. 使想到；使认为；表明sum [academic] [sʌm] n.金额；款项superior [su:ˈpɪəriə(r)] adj. 更好的；占优势的；更胜一筹的supervise [CET4] [ˈsu:pəvaɪz] v.监督；管理supportive [CET4] [səˈpɔ:tɪv] adj.给予帮助的；支持的；鼓励的survey [sɜ:ˈveɪ] v. 调查（某部分人）的行为﹑意见等susceptible [academic] [səˈseptəbl] adj.易受影响（或伤害等）的swirl [swɜ:l] v. （使）打旋，旋动，起旋涡symbol [academic] [ˈsɪmbl] n.符号；代号；记号take over 接管，接收task [tɑ:sk] n. （尤指艰巨或令人厌烦的）任务，工作tease [CET6] [ti:z] v.取笑；戏弄；揶揄tease [tiz] v. 戏弄，逗弄；拿…开玩笑technique [academic] [tekˈni:k] n.技术technique [tekˈni:k] n. 技巧；技艺；工艺technology [CET4] [tekˈnɒlədʒɪ] n.科技；工艺。

Sentence PatternsI. 研究概述常用句型1. Previous research has shown that …2. In most studies of … attention has been given to …3. The previous work on … has indicated that it is …4. … models have been proven useful in …5. There have been a few studies highlighting …6. Great concern have arisen … due to the increasing number of …7. Most … conduct … testing on … to monitor … performance.8. However, the problems exist in …9. However, there appears to have …10. Because of …, … is impossible.II. 研究范围常用句型1. With the aim of …2. This paper is intended to …3. This paper aims at providing …4. The primary goal of this research is …5. The overall objective of his study is …6. The author(s) made this study in order to find …7. The objective of his investigation is/was to …8. The intention of this paper is to survey …9. This paper deals with …10. This report concentrates on …11. This paper begins with the discussion of …12. The paper addresses the problem of …13. The greatest emphasis has been on …14. This paper reviews / summarizes the theory from … viewpoint, discusses … and presents …15. Based on …, … is described / discussed / presented / analyzed / dealt with this paper.16. The influence of … on … is investigated.17. In this paper, … is discussed / explored / analyzed.18. This paper analyzes some important characteristics of …19. The paper / article / report / study / investigation / author / writer describes …20. The importance of … is discussed and the solution to … is addressed in this paper.III. 研究方法常用句型1. This is a working theory based on the idea that …2. One of the great advantage of this method is …3. The test is demonstrated by using …4. A new method for solving this problem is presented …5. The experiments on … have been carried out using …6. The tests were carried out on …7. The analysis was made with …8. The technique applied is referred to as …9. The experiment consisted of …10. The theory is characterized by …11. This formula is verified by …12. The mechanism of … is examined.13. The dependence of … was established.14. The method used in the study is known as …15. The research has recorded valuable data using the newly-developed method.IV. 研究结果介绍常用句型1. The results obtained are …2. Studies have shown that …3. Results show that …4. The experimental results are summarized as follows.5. It was found / observed between / in …6. It has proved that …7. New evidence indicates that …8. The research work has brought about a discovery of …9. A new model was found that …10. We have found that …V. 研究结论常用句型1. It is concluded that …2. The paper concludes that …3. The findings of the research have led to the conclusion that …4. Such a statistical method has been applied to …5. Recommendations are made regarding …6. The author proposes an approach to …7. The fruitful work gives the explanation of …8. The research conducted suggests that …9. Suggestions were made for further study of …10. It is suggested that …。

翻译专业术语大全术语翻译贡献者Absolute Translation绝对翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Abstract Translation摘要翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Abusive translation滥译路易斯（Lewis）Acceptability可接受性托利（Toury）Accuracy准确Adaptation改编Adequacy充分性Adjustment调整Analogical Form类同形式霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Analysis分析奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Applied Translation Studies应用翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Architranseme (ATR)元译素范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Autonomy Spectrum自立幅度罗斯（Rose）Autotranslation自译波波维奇（Popovic）Back Translation回译Bilateral interpreting双边传译凯斯（Keith）Class Shift词类转换韩礼德（Halliday）Close Translation贴近翻译纽马克（Newmark）Communicative Translation 传意翻译；交际翻译纽马克（Newmark）Community interpreting社群传译Compensation补偿赫维（Hervey）Competence能力托利（Toury）Componential Analysis语义成分分析奈达（Nida）Comprehensive theory综合理论Conference interpreting会议传译Consecutive interpreting接续传译Contextual consistency语境一致奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Conventions常规诺德（Nord）Corpora语料库Correspondence对应Court interpreting法庭传译Covert translation隐型翻译豪斯（House）Creative transposition创造性转换Creative treason创造性叛逆罗伯特·埃斯卡皮（Robert Escarpi）Deconstruction解构主义德里达（Derrida）Descriptive translation studies描写性翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Differance分延德里达（Derrida）Doentary translation文献型翻译诺德（Nord）Domesticating translation归化翻译韦努狄（Venuti）Dynamic equivalence动态对等奈达（Nida）Dynamic fidelity动态忠信比克曼（Beekman）和卡洛（Callow）Effort models用功模式贾尔（Gile）Excluded receiver非目标接受者皮姆（Pym）Exegetic translation诠释性翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Exoticism异国情调赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Expectancy norms期待规范切斯特曼（Chesterman）Explicitation明示维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳（Darbelnet）Expressive text表情型文本赖斯（Reiss）Extraneous form外来形式霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Faithfulness忠实Foreignizing translation异化翻译韦努狄（Venuti）Formal corresponding形式对应卡特福德（Catford）Formal equivalence形式对等奈达（Nida）Free translation自由译Full translation全文翻译General theories of translation普通翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Gist translation要旨翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Gloss translation释词翻译奈达（Nida）Grammatical transposition语法置换赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Hermeneutic motion诠释步骤斯坦纳（Steiner）Hierarchy of Correspondences对应层级霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Horizontal translation横向翻译福勒纳（Folena）Hyperinformation超额信息赖斯（Reiss）和弗米尔（Vermeer）Idiomatic translation地道翻译比克曼（Beekman）和卡洛（Callow）Imitation拟译德莱顿（Dryden）、利弗威尔（Lefevere）Indeterminacy不确定性Information offer信息提供弗米尔（Vermeer）Informative texts信息文本赖斯（Reiss）Initial norms初始规范托利（Toury）Instrumental translation工具翻译诺德（Nord）Integral translation整合翻译范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Interlineal translation隔行翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Interlinear translation逐行翻译Interlingual translation语际翻译雅可布逊（Jacobson）Intersemiotic translation符际翻译雅可布逊（Jacobson）Intralingual translation语内翻译雅可布逊（Jacobson）Intra-system shift系统内转换卡特福德（Catford）Inverse translation逆向翻译Kernel sentence核心句Keyword translation关键词翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Level shift层次转换卡特福德（Catford）Lexical translation词汇翻译卡特福德（Catford）Liaison interpreting联络传译凯斯（Keith）Linguistic translation语言翻译Literal translation字面翻译；直译Mapping图谱霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Matricial norms矩阵规范托利（Toury）Meta-language元语言霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Metatext元文本Mimetic form模仿形式霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Mutation变异范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Naturalness自然性Negative shift负面转换Norms规范Obligatory equivalents必要对等语奈达（Nida）Oblique translation曲径翻译维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳（Darbelnet）Operational model操作模式巴斯盖特（Bathgate）Operational norms操作规范托利（Toury）Optional equivalents可换对等语奈达（Nida）Overlapping translation重合翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Overt translation显型翻译豪斯（House）Overtranslation超额翻译维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳（Darbelnet）Paradigmatic equivalence范式对等波波维奇（Popovic）Paraphrase释译德莱顿（Dryden）Partial theories of translation局部翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Participative receiver参与型接受者皮姆（Pym）Particularizing translation具体化翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Performance运用托利（Toury）Phonemic translation音素翻译利弗威尔（Lefevere）Phonological translation音位翻译卡特福德（Catford）Pivot language中枢语言Polysystem theory多元文化理论埃文·佐哈尔（Even-Zohar）Pragmatic Approach语用途径Pragmatic translation语用翻译Preliminary norms预先规范托利（Toury）Prescriptive translation studies规定翻译研究托利（Toury）Primary translation首级翻译迪勒（Diller）和康纳留斯（Kornelius）Problem-restricted theories oftranslation 关于问题的翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Process-oriented translationtheories过程取向翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Product-oriented translationstudies成品取向翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Professional norms翻译规范切斯特曼（Chesterman）Prospective translation前瞻式翻译波斯特盖特（Postgate）Prototext原型文本波波维奇（Popovic）Pseudotranslation伪翻译Pure language纯语言沃尔特·本雅明（Walter Benjamin）Radical translation原始翻译奎因（Quine）Rank-bound translation级阶受限翻译卡特福德（Catford）Realia独有特征弗拉科夫（Vlakhov）和弗罗林（Florin）Receptor language接受语奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Translation with reconstruction重构式翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Redundancy冗余奈达（Nida）Refraction折射利弗威尔（Lefevere）Regulative translational规约性翻译常规诺德（Nord）conventionsRelay interpreting转接传译Repertoreme知识库要素托利（Toury）Resistancy阻抗韦努狄（Venuti）Restricted translation受限翻译卡特福德（Catford）Restructuring重组奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Retrospective translation后瞻式翻译波斯特盖特（Postgate）Rewriting重写利弗威尔（Lefevere）Rhymed translation韵体翻译利弗威尔（Lefevere）Secondary translation二级翻译迪勒（Diller）和康纳留斯（Kornelius）Selective translation选译古阿德克（Gouadec）Semantic disambiguation语义消歧Semantic translation语义翻译纽马克（Newmark）Serial translation序列翻译卡塞格兰德（Casagrande）Service translation服务型翻译纽马克（Newmark）Signed language translation手语传译Simultaneous interpreting同声传译Skopos theory目的论赖斯（Reiss）和弗米尔（Vermeer）Source language源语Source text-oriented translationstudies 源文本取向翻译研究Specification具体化Structure shift结构转换卡特福德（Catford）Stylistic equivalence文体对等Term banks术语库Terminology术语Text typology文本类型学Textual equivalence文本对等卡特福德（Catford）Textual norms文本规范托利（Toury）Thick translation增量翻译阿皮尔（Appiah）Third code第三语码弗劳利（Frawley）Time-restricted theories oftranslation 关于时域的翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Total translation完全翻译卡特福德（Catford）Transcription注音Transeme译素范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Transfer转移Transference迁移卡特福德（Catford）Translatability可译性Translationese翻译体Translatorial action译者行为赫尔兹·曼塔里（Justa Holz-Manttari）Transliteration音译维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳Transposition置换（Darbelnet）Unbounded translation不受限翻译卡特福德（Catford）Undertranslation欠额翻译纽马克（Newmark）Unit of translation翻译单位Universals of translation翻译普遍特征Verbal consistency词语一致Verifiability可核实性赖斯（Reiss）和弗米尔（Vermeer）。

材料科学专业学术翻译必备词汇38凝胶sol-gel 78环氧树脂epoxy39应变strain 79纳米tio tio编英文40性能研究properties 80掺杂doped 中文号41晶粒grain 81拉伸强度strength1合金alloy42粒径size 82阻尼damping2材料material43硬度hardness 83微观结构microstructure 3复合材料properties44粒子particles 84合金化alloying4 制备preparation45涂层coating 85制备方法preparation5强度strength46氧化oxidation 86沉积deposition6力学mechanical47疲劳fatigue 87透射电镜tem7力学性能mechanical48组织microstructure 88模量modulus8复合composite9薄膜films 49石墨graphite 89水热hydrothermal50机械mechanical 90磨损性wear10基体matrix51相变phase 91凝固solidification 11增强reinforced52冲击impact 92贮氢hydrogen12非晶amorphous53形貌morphology 93磨损性能wear13基复合材料composites54有机organic 94球磨milling14纤维fiber55损伤damage 95分数fraction15纳米nanometer56有限finite 96剪切shear16金属metal57粉体powder 97氧化物oxide17合成synthesis58无机inorganic 98直径diameter18界面interface59电化学electrochemical 99蠕变creep19颗粒particles60梯度gradient 100弹性模量modulus20法制备prepared61多孔porous 101储氢hydrogen21尺寸size62树脂resin 102压电piezoelectric 22形状shape63扫描电镜sem 103电阻resistivity23烧结sintering64晶化crystallization 104纤维增强composites 24磁性magnetic65记忆合金memory 105纳米复合材料preparation 25断裂fracture66玻璃glass 106制备出prepared26聚合物polymer67退火annealing 107磁性能magnetic27衍射diffraction68非晶态amorphous 108导电conductive28记忆memory69溶胶-凝胶sol-gel 109晶粒尺寸size29陶瓷ceramic70蒙脱土montmorillonite 110弯曲bending30磨损wear71样品samples 111光催化tio31表征characterization72粒度size 112非晶合金amorphous 32拉伸tensile73耐磨wear 113铝基复合材料composites 33形状记忆memory74韧性toughness 114金刚石diamond34摩擦friction75介电dielectric 115沉淀precipitation 35碳纤维carbon76颗粒增强rein forced 116分散dispersion36粉末powder77溅射sputtering 117电阻率resistivity37溶胶sol-gel118显微组织microstructure 119sic复合材料sic120硬质合金cemented121摩擦系数friction122吸波absorbing123杂化hybrid124模板template125催化剂catalyst126塑性plastic127晶体crystal128sic颗粒sic129功能材料materials130铝合金alloy131表面积surface132填充filled133电导率conductivity 134控溅射sputtering135金属基复合材料composites 136磁控溅射sputtering137结晶crystallization 138磁控magnetron139均匀uniform140弯曲强度strength141纳米碳carbon142偶联coupling143电化学性能electrochemical 144及性能properties145al复合材料composite146高分子polymer147本构constitutive 148晶格lattice149编织braided150断裂韧性toughness151尼龙nylon152摩擦磨损性friction153耐磨性wear154摩擦学tribological155共晶eutectic156聚丙烯polypropylene 157半导体semiconductor 158偶联剂coupling159泡沫foam160前驱precursor161高温合金superalloy162显微结构microstructure163氧化铝alumina164扫描电子显微镜sem165时效aging166熔体melt167凝胶法sol-gel168橡胶rubber169微结构microstructure170铸造casting171铝基aluminum172抗拉强度strength173导热thermal174透射电子显微镜tem175插层intercalation176冲击强度impact177超导superconducting178记忆效应memory179固化curing180晶须whisker181溶胶-凝胶法制sol-gel182催化catalytic183导电性conductivity184环氧epoxy185晶界grain186前驱体precursor187机械性能mechanical188抗弯strength189粘度viscosity190热力学thermodynamic191溶胶-凝胶法制备sol-gel192块体bulk193抗弯强度strength194 粘土clay195微观组织microstructure196孔径pore197玻璃纤维glass198压缩compression199摩擦磨损wear200马氏体martensitic201制得prepared202复合材料性能composites203气氛atmosphere204制备工艺preparation205平均粒径size206衬底substrate207相组成phase208表面处理surface209杂化材料hybrid210材料中materials211 断口fracture212增强复合材料composites213马氏体相变transformation214球形spherical215混杂hybrid216聚氨酯polyurethane217纳米材料nanometer218位错dislocation219纳米粒子particles220表面形貌surface221试样samples222电学properties223有序ordered224电压voltage225析出phase226拉伸性tensile227大块bulk228立方cubic229聚苯胺polyaniline230抗氧化性oxidation231增韧toughening232物相phase233表面改性modification234拉伸性能tensile235相结构phase236优异excellent237介电常数dielectric238铁电ferroelectric 复合材料力学性239“冃能composites 240碳化硅sic241共混blends242炭纤维carbon243复合材料层composite 244挤压extrusion 245表面活性剂surfactant 246阵列arrays247高分子材料polymer248应变率strain249短纤维fiber250摩擦学性能tribological 251浸渗infiltration 252阻尼性能damping253室温下room254复合材料层合板composite 255剪切强度strength256流变rheological 257磨损率wear258化学气相沉积deposition 259热膨胀thermal260屏蔽shielding261发光luminescence 262功能梯度functionally 263层合板laminates 264器件devices265铁氧体ferrite266刚度stiffness267介电性能dielectric268xrd分析xrd269锐钛矿anatase270炭黑carbon271热应力thermal272材料性能properties 273溶胶-凝胶法sol-gel274单向unidirectional 275衍射仪xrd276吸氢hydrogen 277水泥cement278退火温度annealing279粉末冶金powder280溶胶凝胶sol-gel281熔融melt282钛酸titanate283磁合金magnetic284脆性brittle285金属间化合物intermetallic286非晶态合金amorphous287超细ultrafine288羟基磷灰石hydroxyapatite289各向异性anisotropy290镀层coating291颗粒尺寸size292拉曼raman293新材料materials294tic颗粒tic295孔隙率porosity296制备技术preparation297屈服强度strength298金红石rutile299采用溶胶-凝胶sol-gel300电容量capacity301热电thermoelectric302抗菌antibacterial303聚酰亚胺polyimide304二氧化硅silica305放电容量capacity306层板laminates307微球microspheres308熔点melting309屈曲buckling310包覆coated311致密化densification312磁化强度magnetization313疲劳寿命fatigue314本构关系constitutive315组织结构microstructure316综合性能properties317热塑性thermoplastic318形核nucleation319复合粒子composite320材料制备preparation321晶化过程crystallization322层间interlaminar323陶瓷基ceramic324多晶polycrystalline325纳米结构nanostructures326纳米复合composite327热导率conductivity328空心hollow329致密度density330x射线衍射仪xrd331层状layered332矫顽力coercivity333纳米粉体powder334界面结合interface335超导体superconductor336衍射分析diffraction337纳米粉powders338磨损机理wear339泡沫铝aluminum340进行表征characterized341梯度功能gradient342耐磨性能wear343平均粒particle344聚苯乙烯polystyrene345陶瓷基复合材料composites346陶瓷材料ceramics347石墨化graphitization348摩擦材料friction349熔化melting350多层multilayer351及其性能properties352酚醛树脂resin353电沉积electrodeposition354分散剂dispersant355相图phase356复合材料界面interface357壳聚糖chitosan e 436粘弹性viscoelastic 358抗氧化性能oxidation 397薄膜材料films 437基体合金alloy359钙钛矿perovskite 398导热系数conductivity 438单相phase360分层delamination 399居里curie 439梯度材料material361热循环thermal 400第二相phase 440六方hexagonal 362氢量hydrogen 401复合材料制备composites 441四方tetragonal 363蒙脱石montmorillonite 402多孔材料porous 442蜂窝honeycomb 364接枝grafting 403水热法hydrothermal 443阳极氧化anodic365导率conductivity 404原子力显微镜afm 444塑料plastics366放氢hydrogen 405压电复合材料piezoelectric 445超塑性superplastic 367微粒particles 406尼龙6 nylon 446sem观察sem368伸长率elongation 407高能球磨milling 447烧蚀ablation369延伸率elongation 408显微硬度microhardness 448复合薄膜films370烧结工艺sintering 409基片substrate 449树脂基resin371层合laminated 410纳米技术nanotechnology 450高聚物polymer372纳米级nanometer 411直径为diameter 451气相vapor373莫来石mullite 412织构texture 452电子能谱xps374磁导率permeability 413氮化nitride 453硅烷偶联coupling 375填料filler 414热性能properties 454团聚particles 376热电材料thermoelectric 415磁致伸缩magnetostriction 455基底substrate 377射线衍射ray 416成核nucleation 456断口形貌fracture378铸造法casting 417老化aging 457抗压强度strength379粒度分布size 418细化grain 458储能storage380原子力afm 419压电材料piezoelectric 459松弛relaxation 381共沉淀coprecipitation 420纳米晶amorphous 460拉曼光谱raman382水解hydrolysis 421si合金si 461孔率porosity383抗热thermal 422复合镀层composite 462沸石zeolite384高能球ball 423缠绕winding 463熔炼melting385干摩擦friction 424抗氧化oxidation 464磁体magnet386聚合物基polymer 425表观apparent 465sem分析sem387疲劳裂纹fatigue 426环氧复合材料epoxy 466润湿性wettability 388分散性dispersion 427甲基methyl 467电磁屏蔽shielding 389硅烷silane 428聚乙烯polyethylene 468升温heating390弛豫relaxation 429复合膜composite 469致密dense391物理性能properties 430表面修饰surface 470沉淀法precipitation 392晶相phase 431大块非晶amorphous 471差热分析dta393饱和磁化强度magnetization 432结构材料materials 472成功制备prepared 394凝固过程solidification 433表面能surface 473复合体系composites 395共聚物copolymer 434材料表面surface 474浸渍impregnation 396光致发光photoluminescenc 435疲劳性能fatigue 475力学行为behavior476复合粉体powders 516晶型crystal 556摩擦因数friction477沥青pitch 517介电损耗dielectric 557钛基titanium478磁电阻magnetoresistance 518 复合涂层coating 558磁性材料magnetic479导电性能conductivity 519压电陶瓷piezoelectric 559制备纳米nanometer 480光电子能谱xps 520磨损量wear 560界面上interface481材料力学mechanical 521组织与性能microstructure 561晶粒大小size482夹层sandwich 522合成法synthesis 562阻尼材料damping483玻璃化glass 523烧结过程sintering 563热分析thermal484衬底上substrates 524金属材料materials 564复合材料层板laminates 485原位复合材料composites 525引发剂initiator 565二氧化钛titanium486智能材料materials 526有机蒙脱土montmorillonite 566沉积法deposition 487碳化物carbide 527水热法制hydrothermal 567光催化剂tio488复相composite 528再结晶recrystallization 568余辉afterglow489氧化锆zirconia 529沉积速率deposition 569断裂行为fracture490基体材料matrix 530非晶相amorphous 570颗粒大小size491渗透infiltration 531尖端tip 571合金组织alloy492退火处理annealing 532淬火quenching 572非晶形成amorphous 493磨粒wear 533亚稳metastable 573杨氏模量modulus494氧化行为oxidation 534穆斯mossbauer 574前驱物precursor 495细小fine 535穆斯堡尔mossbauer 575过冷alloy496基合金alloy 536偏析segregation 576尖晶石spinel497粒径分布size 537种材料materials 577化学镀electroless 498润滑lubrication 538先驱precursor 578溶胶凝胶法制备sol-gel499定向凝固solidification 539物性properties 579本构方程constitutive 500晶格常数lattice 540石墨化度graphitization 580磁学magnetic501晶粒度size 541中空hollow 581气氛下atmosphere 502颗粒表面surface 542弥散particles 582钛合金titanium503吸收峰absorption 543淀粉starch 583微粉powder504磨损特性wear 544水热法制备hydrothermal 584压电性piezoelectric 505水热合成hydrothermal 545涂料coating 585sic晶须sic506薄膜表面films 546复合粉末powder 586应力应变strain507性质研究properties 547晶粒长大grain 587石英quartz508试件specimen 548sem 等sem 588热电性thermoelectric 509结晶度crystallinity 549复合材料组织microstructure 589相转变phase510聚四氟乙烯ptfe 550界面结构interface 590合成方法synthesis511硅烷偶联剂silane 551煅烧calcined 591热学thermal512碳化carbide 552共混物blends 592气孔率porosity513试验机tester 553结晶行为crystallization 593永磁magnetic514结合强度bonding 554混杂复合材料hybrid 594流变性能rheological 515薄膜结构films 555laves 相laves 595压痕indentation596热压烧结sintering 636弹性体elastomer 676隐身stealth597正硅酸乙酯teos 637金属氧化物oxide 677比强度strength598点阵lattice 638均匀化homogenization 678改性研究modification 599梯度功能材料fgm 639吸收光谱absorption 679采用粉末powder600带材tapes 640磨损行为wear 680晶粒细化grain601磨粒磨损wear 641高岭土kaolin 681抗磨wear602碳含量carbon 642功能梯度材料fgm 682元合金alloy603仿生biomimetic 643滞后hysteresis 683剪切变形shear604快速凝固solidification 644气凝胶aerogel 684高温超导superconducting 605预制preform 645记忆性memory 685金红石型rutile606差示dsc 646磁流体magnetic 686晶化行为crystallization 607发泡foaming 647铁磁ferromagnetic 687催化性能catalytic608疲劳损伤fatigue 648合金成分alloy 688热挤压extrusion609尺度size 649微米micron 689微观microstructure 610镍基高温合金superalloy 650蠕变性能creep 690tem观察tem611透过率transmittance 651聚氯乙烯pvc 691缺口冲击impact612溅射法制sputtering 652湮没annihilation 692生物材料biomaterials 613结构表征characterization 653断裂力学fracture 693涂覆coating614差示扫描dsc 654滑移slip 694纳米氧化nanometer615通过sem sem 655差示扫描量热dsc 695x射线光电子能谱xps616水泥基cement 656等温结晶crystallization 696硅灰石wollastonite617木材wood 657树脂基复合材料composite 697摩擦条件friction618tem分析tem 658阳极anodic 698衍射峰diffraction619量热calorimetry 659退火后annealing 699块体材料bulk620复合物composites 660发光性properties 700溶质solute621铁电薄膜ferroelectric 661木粉wood 701冲击韧性impact622共混体系blends 662交联crosslinking 702锐钛矿型anatase623先驱体precursor 663过渡金属transition 703凝固组织microstructure 624晶态crystalline 664无定形amorphous 704磨损试验机tester625冲击性能impact 665拉伸试验tensile 705丙烯酸甲酯pmma626离心centrifugal 666溅射法sputtering 706raman 光谱raman627断裂伸长率elongation 667硅橡胶rubber 707减振damping628有机-无机organic-inorganic 668明胶gelatin 708聚酯polyester629块状bulk 669生物相容性biocompatibility 709体材料materials630相沉淀precipitation 670界面处interface 710航空aerospace631织物fabric 671陶瓷复合材料composite 711光吸收absorption632因数coefficient 672共沉淀法制coprecipitation 712韧化toughening633合成与表征synthesis 673本构模型constitutive 713疲劳裂纹扩展fatigue634缺口notch 674合金材料alloy 714超塑superplastic 635靶材target 675磁矩magnetic 715凝胶法制备gel716半导体材料semiconductor 717剪应力shear718发光材料luminescence 719凝胶法制gel720甲基丙烯酸甲酯pmma721硬质hard722摩擦性能friction723电致变色electrochromic 724超细粉powder725增强相reinforced726薄带ribbons727结构弛豫relaxation728光学材料materials729sic陶瓷sic730纤维含量fiber731高阻尼damping732镍基nickel733热导thermal734奥氏体austenite735单轴uniaxial736超导电性superconductivity 737咼温氧化oxidation738树脂基体matrix739含能energetic740粘着adhesion741穆斯堡尔谱mossbauer742脱层delamination 743反射率reflectivity744单晶高温合金superalloy745粘结bonded746快淬quenching747熔融插层intercalation748外加applied749钙钛矿结构perovskite750减摩friction751复合氧化物oxide752苯乙烯styrene753合金表面alloy754爆轰detonation755长余辉afterglow 756断裂过程757纺织fracturetextile。

500个英语经典学术词汇5篇第一篇：500个英语经典学术词汇AWL词汇abandon v.放弃；抛弃 abstract a.抽象的 n.摘要 academy n.研究院；学院；学会access n.接近；入口accommodate v.容纳；给…提供住宿；使适应accompany v.陪伴；伴随 accumulate v.积累 accurate a.准确的achieve v.完成；达到acknowledge v.承认；致谢 acquire v.获得adapt v.使适应；改编 adequate a.足够的adjacent a.毗连的；紧接着的adjust v.调整；修改administration n.管理；管理局；行政；政府 adult n.&a.成人advocate n.拥护者 v.拥护 affect v.影响aggregate a.总的 n.总计v.总计aid v.帮助 n.帮助；助手 albeit conj.虽然 allocate v.分派 alter v.改变alternative n.替代物 a.选择的ambiguous a.模棱两可的 amend v.修订；改过自新 analogy a.类似；比拟；类推analyze v.分析annual a.每年的n.年鉴anticipate v.预料apparent a.明显的append v.附上appreciate v.欣赏；感激 approach v.靠近n.方法 appropriate a.恰当的 approximate a.近似的 v.与…近似arbitrary a.任意的；专断的 area n.地区；面积；领域 aspect n.方面；面貌assemble v.集合；装配；收集assess v.对…估价；评价assign v.指定；分配assist v.帮助assume v.假设；认为；承担；呈现assure v.向…保证attach v.系；贴；使附加；使依恋attain v.达到；获得 attitude n.态度；姿势 attribute v.把…归因于 n.性质author n.作者；作家；创始人authority n.当局；权威；权力automate v.使自动化available a.可得到的aware a.意识到的behalf n.利益 benefit n.利益；津贴 v.有利于；获益bias n.偏见；爱好 bond n.纽带；债券 brief a.简短的 bulk n.体积；主体capable a.能够；有能力的 capacity n.容量；潜在能力 category n.种类；范畴 cease n.&v.停止 challenge n.挑战 channel n.海峡；渠道；频道 chapter n.章chart n.图表 v.制图表 chemical a.化学的 n.化学药品circumstance n.情况 cite v.引用civil a.公民的；国内的；民用的clarify v.阐明classic n.名著 a.古典的 clause n.条款；从句code n.法典；代码；习俗 coherent a.一致的；连贯的 coincide v.相符collapse v.&n.倒坍；瓦解 colleague n.同事 commence v.开始comment n.&v.评论；注释 commission n.委员会；委托；委托书；佣金 commit v.犯commodity n.日用品communicate v.通信；交流 community n.社区；社会；界compatible a.和睦的；兼容的compensate v.补偿 compile v.编complement v.&n.补充 complex a.复杂的component n.组成部分 a.组成的compound n.化合物 a.复合的comprehensive a.综合的 comprise v.包含；构成 compute v.计算conceive v.构思；怀胎；认为concentrate v.集中；浓缩 concept n.概念conclude v.结束；下结论 concurrent a.同时发生的；并存的conduct n.行为 v.实施；指挥；导电confer v.授予；协商 confine v.限制；禁闭 confirm v.证实conflict n.冲突 v.冲突 conform v.遵守；符合 consent n.&v.同意consequent a.作为结果的 considerable a.相当的 consist v.由…组成 constant a.不断的 constitute v.构成constrain v.限制；强制 construct v.建造consult v.商量；咨询；查阅consume v.消耗；消费contact v.&n.接触；联系 contemporary a.当代的 n.同代人context n.上下文；背景 contract n.合同 v.收缩contradict v.反驳；与…矛盾 contrary a.&n.相反contrast n.对比 v.形成对比 contribute v.捐献；贡献；投稿controversy n.争论 convene v.召集 converse a.相反的 convert v.转化 convince v.使确信 cooperate v.合作coordinate a.同等的 v.使协调core n.核心corporate a.公司的correspond v.通信；符合；对应AWL词汇couple n.两个；夫妇 create v.创造；引起credit n.信用；学分；功劳criterion n.标准crucial a.决定性的culture n.文化；修养 currency n.货币 cycle n.循环；周期 data n.[复]数据 debate n.&v.辩论 decade n.十年decline v.谢绝；下倾；衰退 n.衰退deduce v.演绎define v.给…下定义；明确 definite a.明确的demonstrate v.表明；演示；示威denote v.表示 deny v.否认depress v.使沮丧 derive v.引伸；起源design v.设计 n.设计；图案 despite prep.尽管 detect v.发觉；检测 deviate v.背离device n.装置；设计 devote v.致力；为…献身 differentiate v.区分 dimension n.尺寸；维 diminish v.减少 discrete a.分离的discriminate v.区别；歧视 displace v.移置；置换 display v.&n.展览；显示 dispose v.处置distinct a.清晰的；独特的；不同的distort v.歪曲；扭曲distribute v.分发；分配；分布diverse a.多样的document n.文件 v.引证 domain n.领域；域；版图 domestic a.国内的；家庭的 dominate v.支配 draft n.草稿 v.起草 drama n.戏剧duration n.持续时间 dynamic a.有活力的 economy n.经济；节约 edit v.编辑element n.元素；要素 eliminate v.消灭；消除 emerge v.出现emphasis n.强调 empirical n.经验的 enable v.使能够 encounter v.&n.遇到 energy n.精力；能量 enforce v.实施；强制 enhance v.增强enormous a.巨大的；大量的 ensure v.保证 entity n.实体environment n.环境equate v.使相等；使平等 equip v.装备equivalent a.相等的 n.等值物erode v.腐蚀 error n.错误establish v.建立；确立estate n.房地产；财产estimate v.估计n.ethic n.伦理 ethnic n.种族的evaluate v.对…估价；评价 eventual a.最后的 evident a.明显的evolve v.进化；演变 exceed v.超过 exclude v.排除exhibit v.显示；展览 n.展览 expand v.扩大；膨胀 expert n.专家a.熟练的 explicit a.明晰的；详述的；直率的exploit v.剥削；利用；开采 n.功绩export v.出口 n.出口；出口商品expose v.暴露；揭露；使接触external a.外部的extract v.取出；榨取 n.摘录 facilitate v.使容易；促进 factor n.因素；因子 feature n.特征；容貌 federal a.联邦的；联盟的 fee n.费file n.档案；文件；锉 final a.最后的；决定性的 finance n.财政；金融 v.给…提供资金finite a.有限的flexible a.易弯曲的；灵活的 fluctuate v.波动focus v.集中n.焦点；焦距 format n.格式formula n.公式forthcoming a.即将到来的 found v.创立；建立foundation n.创立；基础；基金会framework n.框架；体制 function n.功能；函数 v.运行fund n.基金fundamental a.基础的；根本的furthermore ad.此外 gender n.性别 generate v.产生generation n.一代；产生 globe n.球；地球 goal n.球门；目标grade n.等级；年级；成绩 grant n.授予物；拨款；助学金 v.授予guarantee n.&v.保证 guideline n.方针 hence ad.因此hierarchy n.等级制度 highlight n.精华 v.强调 hypothesis n.假设；假说 identical a.同一的 identify v.认出；识别ideology n.思想体系；意识形态ignorance n.无知；不知道 illustrate v.举例说明；图解 image n.像；图像；形象immigrate v.移民入境impact n.碰撞；影响implement n.工具 v.贯彻 implicate v.暗示；使牵连 implicit a.含蓄的；内含的 imply v.暗示impose v.征(税)；强加 incentive n.&a.刺激 incidence n.发生incline n.斜坡 v.使倾斜；使倾向income n.收入 incorporate v.合并index n.索引；指标；指数 indicate v.表明individual n.个人；个体 a.单个的；独特的 induce v.劝诱；导致inevitable a.不可避免的 infer v.推断infrastructure n.基础设施 inherent a.固有的AWL词汇inhibit v.抑制initial a.最初的n.首字母initiate v.开始；启蒙injure v.使受伤innovate v.创新 input v.&n.输入 insert v.插入 n.插页 insight n.洞察力；见识 inspect v.检查；视察 instance n.例子institute n.研究所；学院 v.设立instruct v.教；指导integral a.整体的integrate v.使结合integrity n.诚信；完整intelligence n.智力；情报intense a.强烈的interact v.相互作用intermediate a.中间的；中级的internal a.内部的interpret v.解释；口译interval n.间隔；休息intervene v.干预intrinsic a.内在的 invest v.投资investigate v.调查 invoke v.恳求；实施 involve v.使卷入 isolate v.隔离；孤立 issue n.问题 v.发行 item n.条款；条 job n.工作 journal n.杂志justify v.证明…有理 label n.标签；标记 labor n.&v.劳动 layer n.层lecture n.&v.讲课；讲座 legal a.合法的；法律的 legislate v.为…立法 levy v.征收 n.税款liberal a.自由的；开明的 n.开明的人 license n.执照 likewise ad.同样地 link v.连接 n.链；环节 locate v.使位于；找到 logic n.逻辑maintain v.维持；维修 major a.较大的；主要的 n.专业v.专修manipulate v.操作；操纵 manual a.手的；体力的 n.手册margin n.页边距；边缘；余地mature a.&v.成熟maximize v.使最大化mechanism n.机制media n.媒体 mediate v.调停 medical a.医学的medium n.媒质；中间 a.中等的mental a.精神的；脑力的method n.方法migrate v.迁移military a.军事的 minimal a.最小的 minimize v.使最小化minimum n.最小量 a.最小的ministry n.部minor a.次要的 n.辅修专业v.辅修mode n.模式modify v.修改；修饰monitor n.班长；显示器 v.监视motive n.动机 a.运动的 mutual a.相互的；共同的 negate v.否定network n.网络neutral a.中立的；中性的 nevertheless ad.然而 nonetheless ad.然而 norm n.标准normal a.正常的；正规的 notion n.概念；想法notwithstanding prep.&conj.虽然nuclear a.核的；核心的 objective a.客观的 n.目标 obtain v.获得obvious a.明显的 occupy v.占；使忙碌occur v.发生；出现；想起 odd a.奇怪的；奇数的；临时的offset n.分支 v.抵消 ongoing n.进行中的 option n.选择orient n.东方 v.给…定位 outcome n.结果output n.产量；输出overall n.[overalls]工作服 a.总体的overlap v.重叠overseas ad.&a.海外 panel n.专门小组；面板 paradigm n.范例paragraph n.段落parallel a.平行的 v.使平行 parameter n.参数 participate v.参加partner n.伙伴passive a.被动的；消极的 perceive v.感觉到；理解 percent n.百分之… period n.时期；句号 persist v.坚持；持续perspective n.角度；观点 phase n.阶段phenomenon n.现象 philosophy n.哲学physical a.物质的；身体的；物理的plus prep.加 n.加号 policy n.政策portion n.部分；份 v.分 pose v.摆姿势；提出 n.姿势 positive a.肯定的；积极的；正的；阳性的potential a.潜在的 n.潜力 practitioner n.开业者 precede v.先于；优先于 precise a.精确的 predict v.预言predominant a.占优势的；主要的preliminary a.预备的；初步的n.初试；预赛presume v.假定previous a.先前的primary a.初级的；主要的 prime a.首要的 n.全盛时期 principal a.主要的 n.校长 principle n.原则 prior a.在先的priority n.在先；重点 proceed v.继续进行 process n.过程 v.加工professional a.职业的 n.专业人员prohibit v.禁止 project n.项目；工程 v.投射 promote v.促进；提升；促销proportion n.比例；相称 prospect n.前景 v.勘探 protocol n.协议；礼仪 psychology n.心理学publication n.出版；出版物AWL词汇publish v.出版purchase n.&v.购买pursue v.追；追求；从事 qualitative a.质的；定性的 quote v.引用radical a.基本的；激进的 random n.&a.随机 range n.范围；山脉；炉灶 v.排列 ratio n.比rational a.理性的；合理的 react v.反应recover v.恢复；挽回 refine v.提炼regime n.政权；制度 region n.地区；领域register n.&v.登记；注册；挂号 n.登记簿 regulate v.调整reinforce v.增援；加强 reject v.拒绝 relax v.使放松release v.&n.释放；公布relevant a.相关的reluctance n.勉强rely v.依靠；信赖remove v.移开；搬迁；消除require v.需要；要求 research n.研究 reside v.居住 resolve v.解决；决心 n.决心resource n.资源；谋略respond v.回答；响应 restore v.恢复；归还 restrain v.抑制 restrict v.限制retain v.保持；保留 reveal v.显示；告诉 revenue n.税收reverse v.颠倒n.相反；背面revise v.修订revolution n.革命；旋转 rigid a.刻板的 role n.角色；作用 route n.路线scenario n.剧本；方案 schedule n.时间表scheme v.计划 n.方案；诡计scope n.范围section n.部分；截面sector n.扇形；部门secure a.安全的v.获得seek v.寻找；试图select v.选择sequence n.顺序；连续 series n.系列 sex n.性别；性 shift v.&n.转移significant n.有意义的；重要的similar a.相似的simulate v.假装；模仿 site n.地点；场所 so-called a.所谓的sole n.脚底；鞋底 a.唯一的 somewhat ad.有点 source n.源；来源specific a.具体的；特有的specify v.指定；详细说明sphere n.球；领域 stable a.稳定的 n.马厩 statistic a.统计的 status n.地位straightforward a.坦率的；明确的strategy n.战略；策略stress n.压力；重音 v.强调 structure n.结构；建筑物 style n.风格submit v.服从；提交subordinate a.下级的；从属的 n.部下subsequent a.随后的 subsidy n.补助；津贴substitute n.代替者 v.代替 successor n.继任者 sufficient a.足够的sum n.总数；金额 v.总计 summary n.概要 a.概括的 supplement n.增刊；补遗 v.增补；补充 survey v.俯瞰；测量；调查 n.俯瞰；测量；调查 survive v.幸存suspend v.悬挂；推迟 sustain v.保持；忍受 symbol n.象征；符号tape v.捆；录(磁带)n.带子；磁带target n.靶子；目标 4task n.任务team n.队；团队 v.协作 technical a.技术的technique n.技术；技巧 technology n.技术temporary a.暂时的；临时的tense n.时态 a.绷紧的 terminate v.终止 text n.正文,文本 theme n.主题 theory n.理论 thereby ad.从而 thesis n.论文；论点 topic n.话题trace n.痕迹v.追踪 tradition n.传统transfer v.&n.转移；换车；调动transform v.转变；改革 transit n.通过；运输；过渡transmit v.传播；传递 transport n.&v.运输 trend n.趋势trigger v.引发 n.板机ultimate a.最终的；根本的 undergo v.经历underlie v.是…的基础undertake v.接受；从事uniform a.一样的 n.制服 unify v.统一unique a.独一无二的 utilize v.利用valid a.有效的；正当的 vary v.变化；使多样化 vehicle n.车辆version n.译文；说法 via prep.经由 violate v.违犯virtual a.实际上的；虚拟的 visible a.可看见的 vision n.视力；眼光 visual a.视觉的 volume n.卷，册；体积；额；音量voluntary a.自愿的 welfare n.福利 whereas conj.而 whereby ad.由此 widespread a.普遍的第二篇：学术英语范文《学术英语》课程阶段性作业：文献综述学生姓名：学号：专业班级：完成日期：分数：The influence of the earthquake disaster and earthquake disaster mitigation measures analysisThere are three main reasons for the earthquake hypothesis , namely “ elastic rebound ”, “the magma shock to say” ' said phase change.“These three hypotheses have some reasonable, but what causes earthquakes, pending further studyThe Characteristics of earthquake disasterissudden and strong, destructive big , serious secondary disasters , far-reaching social , defense difficult.Sudden strong make it difficult to predict and the effect of prevention becomes weak.His devastating is to see, such as the Tangshan earthquake which caused 24.2 million deaths , injuries 16.4 million.The Secondary disasters such as fires , floods , tsunamis , landslides , mudslides , gas leaks, pandemics, radioactive contamination is also very scary.2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which has razed to the ground in several cities.Due to sudden strong earthquake , suffered heavy casualties, huge economic losses , tend to produce a chain reaction , causing a huge impact on a region or even a social life and the country 's economic activity , resulting in a profoundimpact on pared with floods, droughts, typhoons and other weather disasters , earthquake prediction is much more difficult.At the same time , improve the seismic performance of buildings , requires a lot of capital investment , this is not a short period of time can do.Although it is difficult to predict the devastating earthquake , but there is a history of China successfully predicted miracle.At 19:36 on February 4, 1975 occurred in Liaoning Haicheng earthquake prediction is accurate , which makes more than 100 million people in southern Liaoning Province promptly evacuated their homes and workplaces.This success is due to the abnormal situation in a timely manner to collect a large number of earthquake precursors , and timely induction, analyze, summarize the results , thanks to good policies of prevention group prevention and measured.Haicheng earthquake prediction can be successful, professional workers contributed to the earthquake, but it was the implementation of ”mass monitoring and prevention" approach, also played a crucial role.Generally speaking, professional workers in the earthquake, earthquake forecasting long, medium, and have a good chance, but the short-term forecasting, grasp not so big.The earthquake disaster prevention, the short-term forecasting truly decisive.References:1, The cause of the earthquake2, The characteristics of earthquake disasters3, NOVA: Wave That Shook The World—Site and special report shot within days of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.4,changmengfei,Shockproof ,Please reference the historical experience[N].Procuratorate Daily, 2008-05-14.参考文献：1, 地震灾害的成因2,地震灾害的特点3,新星：波浪摇动了世界——直击近日2004年的印度洋海啸的现场特别报道4, 常梦飞，防震.请借鉴历史经验[N].检察日报, 2008-05-14.第三篇：学术英语1.词汇替换（这题全部出自课文后的formal words练习）2.术语（20个的范围准备，考试考10个。

术语翻译贡献者Absolute Translation绝对翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Abstract Translation摘要翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Abusive translation滥译路易斯（Lewis）Acceptability可接受性托利（Toury）Accuracy准确Adaptation改编Adequacy充分性Adjustment调整Analogical Form类同形式霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Analysis分析奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Applied Translation Studies应用翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Architranseme (ATR)元译素范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Autonomy Spectrum自立幅度罗斯（Rose）Autotranslation自译波波维奇（Popovic）Back Translation回译Bilateral interpreting双边传译凯斯（Keith）Class Shift词类转换韩礼德（Halliday）Close Translation贴近翻译纽马克（Newmark）Communicative Translation传意翻译；交际翻译纽马克（Newmark）Community interpreting社群传译Compensation补偿赫维（Hervey）Competence能力托利（Toury）Componential Analysis语义成分分析奈达（Nida）Comprehensive theory综合理论Conference interpreting会议传译Consecutive interpreting接续传译Contextual consistency语境一致奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Conventions常规诺德（Nord）Corpora语料库Correspondence对应Court interpreting法庭传译Covert translation隐型翻译豪斯（House）Creative transposition创造性转换Creative treason创造性叛逆罗伯特·埃斯卡皮（Robert Escarpi）Deconstruction解构主义德里达（Derrida）Descriptive translation studies描写性翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Differance分延德里达（Derrida）Doentary translation文献型翻译诺德（Nord）Domesticating translation归化翻译韦努狄（Venuti）Dynamic equivalence动态对等奈达（Nida）Dynamic fidelity动态忠信比克曼（Beekman）和卡洛（Callow）Effort models用功模式贾尔（Gile）Equivalence对等Excluded receiver非目标接受者皮姆（Pym）Exegetic translation诠释性翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Exoticism异国情调赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Expectancy norms期待规范切斯特曼（Chesterman）Explicitation明示维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳（Darbelnet）Expressive text表情型文本赖斯（Reiss）Extraneous form外来形式霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Faithfulness忠实Foreignizing translation异化翻译韦努狄（Venuti）Formal corresponding形式对应卡特福德（Catford）Formal equivalence形式对等奈达（Nida）Free translation自由译Full translation全文翻译General theories of translation普通翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Gist translation要旨翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Gloss translation释词翻译奈达（Nida）Grammatical transposition语法置换赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Hermeneutic motion诠释步骤斯坦纳（Steiner）Hierarchy of Correspondences对应层级霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Horizontal translation横向翻译福勒纳（Folena）Hyperinformation超额信息赖斯（Reiss）和弗米尔（Vermeer）Idiomatic translation地道翻译比克曼（Beekman）和卡洛（Callow）Imitation拟译德莱顿（Dryden）、利弗威尔（Lefevere）Indeterminacy不确定性Information offer信息提供弗米尔（Vermeer）Informative texts信息文本赖斯（Reiss）Initial norms初始规范托利（Toury）Instrumental translation工具翻译诺德（Nord）Integral translation整合翻译范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Interlineal translation隔行翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Interlinear translation逐行翻译Interlingual translation语际翻译雅可布逊（Jacobson）Intersemiotic translation符际翻译雅可布逊（Jacobson）Intralingual translation语内翻译雅可布逊（Jacobson）Intra-system shift系统内转换卡特福德（Catford）Inverse translation逆向翻译Kernel sentence核心句Keyword translation关键词翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Level shift层次转换卡特福德（Catford）Lexical translation词汇翻译卡特福德（Catford）Liaison interpreting联络传译凯斯（Keith）Linguistic translation语言翻译Literal translation字面翻译；直译Mapping图谱霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Matricial norms矩阵规范托利（Toury）Meta-language元语言霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Metatext元文本Mimetic form模仿形式霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Mutation变异范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Naturalness自然性Negative shift负面转换Norms规范Obligatory equivalents必要对等语奈达（Nida）Oblique translation曲径翻译维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳（Darbelnet）Operational model操作模式巴斯盖特（Bathgate）Operational norms操作规范托利（Toury）Optional equivalents可换对等语奈达（Nida）Overlapping translation重合翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Overt translation显型翻译豪斯（House）Overtranslation超额翻译维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳（Darbelnet）Paradigmatic equivalence范式对等波波维奇（Popovic）Paraphrase释译德莱顿（Dryden）Partial theories of translation局部翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Participative receiver参与型接受者皮姆（Pym）Particularizing translation具体化翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Performance运用托利（Toury）Phonemic translation音素翻译利弗威尔（Lefevere）Phonological translation音位翻译卡特福德（Catford）Pivot language中枢语言Polysystem theory多元文化理论埃文·佐哈尔（Even-Zohar）Pragmatic Approach语用途径Pragmatic translation语用翻译Preliminary norms预先规范托利（Toury）Prescriptive translation studies规定翻译研究托利（Toury）Primary translation首级翻译迪勒（Diller）和康纳留斯（Kornelius）Problem-restricted theories oftranslation 关于问题的翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Process-oriented translationtheories过程取向翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Product-oriented translationstudies成品取向翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Professional norms翻译规范切斯特曼（Chesterman）Prospective translation前瞻式翻译波斯特盖特（Postgate）Prototext原型文本波波维奇（Popovic）Pseudotranslation伪翻译Pure language纯语言沃尔特·本雅明（Walter Benjamin）Radical translation原始翻译奎因（Quine）Rank-bound translation级阶受限翻译卡特福德（Catford）Realia独有特征弗拉科夫（Vlakhov）和弗罗林（Florin）Receptor language接受语奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Translation with reconstruction重构式翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Redundancy冗余奈达（Nida）Refraction折射利弗威尔（Lefevere）Regulative translational规约性翻译常规诺德（Nord）conventionsRelay interpreting转接传译Repertoreme知识库要素托利（Toury）Resistancy阻抗韦努狄（Venuti）Restricted translation受限翻译卡特福德（Catford）Restructuring重组奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Retrospective translation后瞻式翻译波斯特盖特（Postgate）Rewriting重写利弗威尔（Lefevere）Rhymed translation韵体翻译利弗威尔（Lefevere）Secondary translation二级翻译迪勒（Diller）和康纳留斯（Kornelius）Selective translation选译古阿德克（Gouadec）Semantic disambiguation语义消歧Semantic translation语义翻译纽马克（Newmark）Serial translation序列翻译卡塞格兰德（Casagrande）Service translation服务型翻译纽马克（Newmark）Sight translation视译Signed language translation手语传译Simultaneous interpreting同声传译Skopos theory目的论赖斯（Reiss）和弗米尔（Vermeer）Source language源语Source text源文本Source text-oriented translationstudies 源文本取向翻译研究Specification具体化Structure shift结构转换卡特福德（Catford）Stylistic equivalence文体对等Target language目标语Term banks术语库Terminology术语Text typology文本类型学Textual equivalence文本对等卡特福德（Catford）Textual norms文本规范托利（Toury）Thick translation增量翻译阿皮尔（Appiah）Think-aloud translation有声思维记录Third code第三语码弗劳利（Frawley）Time-restricted theories oftranslation 关于时域的翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Total translation完全翻译卡特福德（Catford）Transcription注音Transeme译素范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Transfer转移Transference迁移卡特福德（Catford）Translatability可译性Translationese翻译体Translatorial action译者行为赫尔兹·曼塔里（Justa Holz-Manttari）Transliteration音译Transposition置换维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳（Darbelnet）Unbounded translation不受限翻译卡特福德（Catford）Undertranslation欠额翻译纽马克（Newmark）Unit of translation翻译单位Universals of translation翻译普遍特征Verbal consistency词语一致Verifiability可核实性赖斯（Reiss）和弗米尔（Vermeer）Vertical translation纵向翻译福勒纳Voids空缺Whispered interpreting耳语传译Writer-oriented machine作者取向机器翻译translation。

ESP语汇整理Unit3单词distressing令人痛苦的category类别facilitate助长，帮助（help）politician政治家campaign参加竞选precise准确的inevitable不可避免的whereas然而，反之nevertheless仍然，不过conversely相反地disseminate普及，散布（widely spread）stimulate刺激，激励（encourage）contend争论，主张（argue）immutable不可改变的（never changing）profoundly深深地，极度地（deeply / greatly）fluctuation涨落seriousness严肃认真availability可得到的事物headhunter猎头occupation职业resemble类似于，像…mismatch配合不当，失谐uncertainty不确定，无把握imbalance不平衡recession（经济）衰退rebut反驳substantially大量地，基本地well-suited非常适合的attribute属性，特性；把…归于…transition过渡，转变frictional摩擦性的productivity生产率，生产力declining衰退的inequality不公平advocate提倡intervention介入，干预prevalent 普遍的，流行的churning 运转dispute辩论prominent杰出的candidate候选人culprit罪魁祸首mobility迁移率swell膨胀，壮大gult塞满，过滥excess过剩outpace超过…速度stagnant萧条的isolated隔离的economist经济学家economy 经济，节俭词组sectoral shift结构性变化frictional unemployment摩擦性就业drop in demand需求的下降living standard生活条件natural rate of unemployment自然失业率cyclical unemployment周期性失业a sense of personal accomplishment个人成就感reduce self-esteem削减自尊suffer economic and psychological hardship遭受经济与心理的艰难情况campaign for office竞选重要职务stand idle无所事事ups and downs跌宕起伏job vacancies/openings 职位空缺facilitate job search帮助找工作give out information分发、透露信息ajob loss失业year-to-year fluctuations in unemployment失业的年际涨落around natural rate在正常的比率附近in the same manner 以同样方式university placement offices大学就业处word of mouth口口相传labor force劳动力economic event经济事件create jobs创造就业机会laid-offworkers 失业工人unemployment rate失业率job search找工作think tank智囊团cut back onproduction and employment减少就业和生产dynamicmarket economy动态的市场经济on-the-jobtraining在职培训p ro’ s andcon’s正反两方面structural unemployment结构性失业future regulations未来政策labor market劳动力市场underwater houseowner“溺水屋”屋主unemployment benefit失业救济housing bubble房地产泡沫a rising tide of …上升的趋势worsening imbalance恶化的失衡in search of寻找employment agency就业介绍所training program 训练计划depressed demand低迷的需求at best充其量，往好了说at worst在最坏情况下，往坏了说fix the economy拯救经济qualified job applicants合格的求职者a lack of mobility迁移率的低迷housing crisis住房危机swallow up消化，吞没the bursting of the housing bubble房地产泡沫的破裂the housing boom房地产繁荣a tight supply of job candidates密集的求职者候选人供给a minor side issue较次的枝节问题driving factor驱动因素planned economy计划经济take jobs at low wages接受低薪水工作cut back on staff裁员难句翻译Only 22% said they could find few or no qualified job applicants, about half the level reported before the recession对于22%的小型企业来说，他们很难找到合格的求职者。

翻译专业术语大全术语翻译贡献者Absolute Translation绝对翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Abstract Translation摘要翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Abusive translation滥译路易斯（Lewis）Acceptability可接受性托利（Toury）Accuracy准确Adaptation改编Adequacy充分性Adjustment调整Analogical Form类同形式霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Analysis分析奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Applied Translation Studies应用翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Architranseme (ATR)元译素范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Autonomy Spectrum自立幅度罗斯（Rose）Autotranslation自译波波维奇（Popovic）Back Translation回译Bilateral interpreting双边传译凯斯（Keith）Class Shift词类转换韩礼德（Halliday）Close Translation贴近翻译纽马克（Newmark）Communicative Translation 传意翻译；交际翻译纽马克（Newmark）Community interpreting社群传译Compensation补偿赫维（Hervey）Competence能力托利（Toury）Componential Analysis语义成分分析奈达（Nida）Comprehensive theory综合理论Conference interpreting会议传译Consecutive interpreting接续传译Contextual consistency语境一致奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Conventions常规诺德（Nord）Corpora语料库Correspondence对应Court interpreting法庭传译Covert translation隐型翻译豪斯（House）Creative transposition创造性转换Creative treason创造性叛逆罗伯特·埃斯卡皮（Robert Escarpi）Deconstruction解构主义德里达（Derrida）Descriptive translation studies描写性翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Differance分延德里达（Derrida）Doentary translation文献型翻译诺德（Nord）Domesticating translation归化翻译韦努狄（Venuti）Dynamic equivalence动态对等奈达（Nida）Dynamic fidelity动态忠信比克曼（Beekman）和卡洛（Callow）Effort models用功模式贾尔（Gile）Excluded receiver非目标接受者皮姆（Pym）Exegetic translation诠释性翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Exoticism异国情调赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Expectancy norms期待规范切斯特曼（Chesterman）Explicitation明示维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳（Darbelnet）Expressive text表情型文本赖斯（Reiss）Extraneous form外来形式霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Faithfulness忠实Foreignizing translation异化翻译韦努狄（Venuti）Formal corresponding形式对应卡特福德（Catford）Formal equivalence形式对等奈达（Nida）Free translation自由译Full translation全文翻译General theories of translation普通翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Gist translation要旨翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Gloss translation释词翻译奈达（Nida）Grammatical transposition语法置换赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Hermeneutic motion诠释步骤斯坦纳（Steiner）Hierarchy of Correspondences对应层级霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Horizontal translation横向翻译福勒纳（Folena）Hyperinformation超额信息赖斯（Reiss）和弗米尔（Vermeer）Idiomatic translation地道翻译比克曼（Beekman）和卡洛（Callow）Imitation拟译德莱顿（Dryden）、利弗威尔（Lefevere）Indeterminacy不确定性Information offer信息提供弗米尔（Vermeer）Informative texts信息文本赖斯（Reiss）Initial norms初始规范托利（Toury）Instrumental translation工具翻译诺德（Nord）Integral translation整合翻译范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Interlineal translation隔行翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Interlinear translation逐行翻译Interlingual translation语际翻译雅可布逊（Jacobson）Intersemiotic translation符际翻译雅可布逊（Jacobson）Intralingual translation语内翻译雅可布逊（Jacobson）Intra-system shift系统内转换卡特福德（Catford）Inverse translation逆向翻译Kernel sentence核心句Keyword translation关键词翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Level shift层次转换卡特福德（Catford）Lexical translation词汇翻译卡特福德（Catford）Liaison interpreting联络传译凯斯（Keith）Linguistic translation语言翻译Literal translation字面翻译；直译Mapping图谱霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Matricial norms矩阵规范托利（Toury）Meta-language元语言霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Metatext元文本Mimetic form模仿形式霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Mutation变异范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Naturalness自然性Negative shift负面转换Norms规范Obligatory equivalents必要对等语奈达（Nida）Oblique translation曲径翻译维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳（Darbelnet）Operational model操作模式巴斯盖特（Bathgate）Operational norms操作规范托利（Toury）Optional equivalents可换对等语奈达（Nida）Overlapping translation重合翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Overt translation显型翻译豪斯（House）Overtranslation超额翻译维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳（Darbelnet）Paradigmatic equivalence范式对等波波维奇（Popovic）Paraphrase释译德莱顿（Dryden）Partial theories of translation局部翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Participative receiver参与型接受者皮姆（Pym）Particularizing translation具体化翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Performance运用托利（Toury）Phonemic translation音素翻译利弗威尔（Lefevere）Phonological translation音位翻译卡特福德（Catford）Pivot language中枢语言Polysystem theory多元文化理论埃文·佐哈尔（Even-Zohar）Pragmatic Approach语用途径Pragmatic translation语用翻译Preliminary norms预先规范托利（Toury）Prescriptive translation studies规定翻译研究托利（Toury）Primary translation首级翻译迪勒（Diller）和康纳留斯（Kornelius）Problem-restricted theories oftranslation 关于问题的翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Process-oriented translationtheories过程取向翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Product-oriented translationstudies成品取向翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Professional norms翻译规范切斯特曼（Chesterman）Prospective translation前瞻式翻译波斯特盖特（Postgate）Prototext原型文本波波维奇（Popovic）Pseudotranslation伪翻译Pure language纯语言沃尔特·本雅明（Walter Benjamin）Radical translation原始翻译奎因（Quine）Rank-bound translation级阶受限翻译卡特福德（Catford）Realia独有特征弗拉科夫（Vlakhov）和弗罗林（Florin）Receptor language接受语奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Translation with reconstruction重构式翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Redundancy冗余奈达（Nida）Refraction折射利弗威尔（Lefevere）Regulative translational规约性翻译常规诺德（Nord）conventionsRelay interpreting转接传译Repertoreme知识库要素托利（Toury）Resistancy阻抗韦努狄（Venuti）Restricted translation受限翻译卡特福德（Catford）Restructuring重组奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Retrospective translation后瞻式翻译波斯特盖特（Postgate）Rewriting重写利弗威尔（Lefevere）Rhymed translation韵体翻译利弗威尔（Lefevere）Secondary translation二级翻译迪勒（Diller）和康纳留斯（Kornelius）Selective translation选译古阿德克（Gouadec）Semantic disambiguation语义消歧Semantic translation语义翻译纽马克（Newmark）Serial translation序列翻译卡塞格兰德（Casagrande）Service translation服务型翻译纽马克（Newmark）Signed language translation手语传译Simultaneous interpreting同声传译Skopos theory目的论赖斯（Reiss）和弗米尔（Vermeer）Source language源语Source text-oriented translationstudies 源文本取向翻译研究Specification具体化Structure shift结构转换卡特福德（Catford）Stylistic equivalence文体对等Term banks术语库Terminology术语Text typology文本类型学Textual equivalence文本对等卡特福德（Catford）Textual norms文本规范托利（Toury）Thick translation增量翻译阿皮尔（Appiah）Third code第三语码弗劳利（Frawley）Time-restricted theories oftranslation 关于时域的翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Total translation完全翻译卡特福德（Catford）Transcription注音Transeme译素范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Transfer转移Transference迁移卡特福德（Catford）Translatability可译性Translationese翻译体Translatorial action译者行为赫尔兹·曼塔里（Justa Holz-Manttari）Transliteration音译维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳Transposition置换（Darbelnet）Unbounded translation不受限翻译卡特福德（Catford）Undertranslation欠额翻译纽马克（Newmark）Unit of translation翻译单位Universals of translation翻译普遍特征Verbal consistency词语一致Verifiability可核实性赖斯（Reiss）和弗米尔（Vermeer）。

《通用学术英语》学术词汇集锦P88-93学术词汇Academic discipline 学科p. 88Application 应用p. 89Be characterized by 以…为特征，的特征是… p. 89Various forms of 各种形式p. 89 differentGenerate 产生produce p. 89Bias =prejudice 偏见p. 89Transferring move from one place to another转移p. 89Notion=term=concept p. 90Domains 域p. 90(Directly) perceive(d) 察觉，理解，认知p. 90For the sake of (argument) 为了便于讨论p. 90Be composed of be made up of p. 90Conceive 构思想象p. 90 imaginePerceive—perception, our perception of reality 我们对现实的认识p. 90 Rummage ←search unsystematically and untidily through a mass p. 90 RAM—random access memory随机存取储存器p. 91Dormant 静止的，休眠的←not active or growing but able to become active p. 91 Obtain ←get, p. 92获取Apprehend←understand p. 92 理解Cultivate←develop a particular quality or image, to plant 92 培育，培养p. 92 Persistence←determination 坚持，执意p. 92Scrutiny ←examination 审视，仔细检查p. 92Tangible –intangible 有形-无形；触摸-不可触摸p. 92Enumerate ←to name, to list列举p. 92P. 94-96 Reading Text 1Practically ←nearlyRetrieve—retrieval, to bring or get something backAccess ← use, reach，obtain 成功获取Comprehend← understand理解Perish ←dieRetain ←keep 持有，保留Subsequently ←later 接着Realm ←area领域Enhance←increase or improveParadigm ←a typical example范例范畴Principal ←main 主要的Interdisciplinary跨学科的，多学科的Encode—storage-retrieval/recall 编码，储存，取回/回忆Intend ←want, planAccurate—inaccurateGenerally accepted 普遍接受Identify ←find, recognizeInitial ←firstMomentary: lasting for a very short timeLinger: continue to existBrieflyPersistence—persist 存留，保持Less thoroughly studied 研究不太深入Conduct ←doErase: remove something completelyVanish←disappearEstimate←guessProportion ←partIs believed to rely mostly onGenerally broken down into/ generally haveBy contrastAttempt toCapturep. 99-100 Text 2arguably可以说well-elaborated 详尽的empirically supported实证支持的，得到经验事实的证实component←partin concert （保持）一致approximately←aboutprior to ←beforecurrently←nowaccomplish←finishdeem←believetypicallyconsequently←as a result, thereforepermanently←foreverperform a taskby contrastexpound←explainconsiderably←much, a lotreason from 根据…进行推论transfer from…accrue: gradually increases over a period of timeaccount for ←explain account-explanationvanishingly：so as to disappear or approach zero难以察觉的，趋于零的Unit 5P. 116Detection ← detectMarkedly decline = significantly decline显著下降Substantial losses 实质损失Consequent-consequentlyGenerallyRemnant—a small piece or amount of something that is leftFragment—break into small pieces or partsIn the light of 鉴于Crucial← importantGenerally providedObtain←getAssessment –assess compare with accessConsequencesExclusion—excludeModel-to create a copy of an activityIndicator—indicateStability –stableSolely—onlyValidate-to prove that sth. Is trueSurrogates替代Delineate←describeUtilization-the act of usingMarkedly improveSuboptimal-not optimalBeing prone to←tend to, be likely top.118characteristic feature=distinctive featurewith respect to 关于(formal) concerning something e.g. With respect to your inquiry, I enclose an explanatory leaflet. Parents often have little choice with respect to the way theirchild is medically treated.In relation to 与,..有关Their story also points out the importance of considering cost in relation to value.他们的案例也表明了价值和成本的关系的重要性。

AWL SUBLIST1(60)analyse vt.分析, 分解n.分析The coach tried to analyse the cause of our defeat.His analyse is very clear.analyzable adj.可被分解的, 可以分析的approach n.接近, 逼近, 走进, 方法, 步骤, 途径, 通路vt.接近, 动手处理vi.靠近We approached the museum.The approach of winter brings cold weather. area n.范围, 区域, 面积, 地区, 空地We are going to build a school in this area. assess vt.估定, 评定assessa tax on sb.'s property.assessable adj.可估定的,可估价的;可征税,应抽税的assessee n.财产已被估定的人assume vt.假定, 设想, 采取, 呈现I assume you always get up at the same time. assume this to be true.assumable adj.可假定的assumably adv.多半, 大概authority n.权威,威信,权威人士,权力,职权,典据, 著作权威You don't have any authority for entering this house. It's private.by the authority of得到.许可;根据.所授权力;经.许可carry authority有分量; 有影响;有势力; 有权威have authority over[with]有权, 管理in authority持有权力的地位on good authority有确实可靠的根据on one's own authority根据自己的意见on the authority of根据...所授的权力;得到...的许可;根据(某书或某人)speak with authority有权威或威信地说stretch [strain]one's authority [power]滥用职权vest sb. with authority授权某人available adj.可用到,可利用有用的,有空的,接受探访I'm sorry, those overcoats are not available in your colour and size.available energy有效能(量)be available for use可加以利用employ all available means千方百计用尽所有办法These tickets are available for one month.这些票有效期一个月。