!2011年综合类职称英语教材新增文章篇目、答案及译文

2011年卫生类职称英语教材新增文章下载阅读理解新增文章（共4篇）目录：第三篇(C级)：Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor第十八篇(B级)：Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics第二十四篇(B级)：Preventing Chlid Maltreatment第三十四篇(A级)：Be Alert to Antimicrobial Resistance第三篇Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking，said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger，especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute，more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Following breast cancer，it has the second-highest incidence rate.“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer，”said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them，1,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke，according to the report.However，more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term，close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about l irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women’s bedrooms were adjacent to2 the kitchen.However，local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.“Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day，I must stay in the kitchen to cook，" said Xu Li. a 45-year-old local woman. "I know the fumes are bad for the skin，but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer .I have already started frying less.’’Doctors said women’s lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical co ndition，but was closely related to family cancer history，unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with He.3"Smoking is by far the biggest cause4 of lung cancer for men，" said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College. "It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.”He's research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling5 fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time，6 experts said.词汇：fume n.烟，气，汽 fry v.油炸，油煎tumor(=tumour)n.肿瘤 unventilated vt.使不通风cancern.癌瘤 adjacent adj.临近的breast/brest/n.乳房，胸dietary adj饮食的incidence n.发生(率) immune adj 免疫的diagnosis n.诊断 honorary adj.名誉上的;荣誉的inhale v.吸人 respiratory adj.呼吸的irritate vt.使疼痛，刺激 stall n.货摊注释：plain原意是“抱怨，诉苦”，但医学上常用complain about或complain of表示“主诉"。

2011年全国职称英语综合类（A级）真题及答案解析职业培训教育网2011-10-25 12:07【大中小】【我要纠错】第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1. For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A. unclearB. obviousC. majorD. minor答案：A unclear—— obscure2. T he sea turtle‘s natural habit at has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly答案选择A（greatly）– considerably3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting答案：C （push）—— urge4.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle答案：D handle—approach5.The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignoredB organizedC causedD received答案：C caused ——provoke：6.Jane said that she couldn‘t tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand答案：D stand= tolerate7. At 80,Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energetic Bhappy C alone D busy答案：A energetic——vigorous8.Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumping Dshouting答案：A shake – tremble9.A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB proved Cpraised D caught答案：Cpraised ——hail：10.I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid答案：D afraid—— scared11.At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what hadhappened.A giveB attachC loseD understand答案：D understand—— grasp12.Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do .A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing答案：B saying—— remarking13.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energysource.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged答案：D （maintain）– assert14.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college studentstaking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp答案：D （continuous）– steady15.She always finds fault with everything,A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines答案：A criticizes—— finds fault with第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

2011职称英语理工类(A、B)阅读理解和完型填空新增文章(原文、练习、译文及答案)DViruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair, but they're not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher, who first came up with5 the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways. In the case of the virus-built batteries, the scientists combine what they know about biology', technology and production techniques。

Belcher's team includes Paula Hammond, who helps put together the tiny batteries, and Yet- Ming Chiang, an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery. "We're working on things we traditionally don't associate with nature," says Hammond。

Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A, C and D batteries6 in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny.However, every year, new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink, ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit inside。

2011年职称英语阅读理解新增文章题干及选项——卫生类(2011-01-31 22:13:43)标签：职称英语职称考试杂谈第三篇 Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor练习：1. What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers?A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.B Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men.C Patients with lung cancer become older, especially males.D Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females.2. Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai'?A Heart disease.B Breast cancer.C Infectious diseases.D Lung cancer.3. What symptoms may be complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term. Close contact with cooking oil fumes'?A Irritated eyes and throat.B Severe pain in both lungs.C Continuous cough and headache.D Difficulty in breathing.4. What was the local women's reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer?A Happy.B Surprised.C Angry.D Careless.5. Which of the following has relatively little connection with women's lung cancer?A Family cancer history.B Unhealthy dietary habits.C Weak immune systems.D Personal health and physical condition.*第十八篇 Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics练习：1. How could most elderly type II diabetics stop taking insulin?A By taking more salt than usual.B By taking less salt than usual.C By doing brisk exercise for half an hour at least three times a week.D By going climbing, swimming or boxing every day.2. Physical exercise may increase the body ability to utilise insulin byA 70 per cent.B 30 per cent.C 60 per cent.D only a few per cent.3. The subjects of the research tests conducted at the Copenhagen Central Hospital includedA elderly non-diabetic men.B elderly type Ⅱ diabetic mereC both sexes of all ages.D both A and B.4. To what a degree have diebetics to exercise in order to achieve the desired effect'?A To the degree where they begin to sweat.B To the degree where they feel, exhausted.C To the point when they reel thirsty.D To the point when they have to take insulin.5. According to Deta, among most diabetics the importance of exercise is __________ the importanceof watching their diet.A as poorly understood asB as well understood asC less understoodthan D better understood than*第二十四篇 Preventing Child Maltreatment练习：1. The difficult situation in the global estimates of the child maltreatment is due to the following factors EXCEPT _________ according to the passage.A child maltreatment is a global problemB there is no exact data about low- and mid-income countriesC there is a shortage of the professional data collectorsD different scientists use different research methods2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A 20% of women got sexually abused in their childhood.B 25-50% of all children were reported to have been physically abused.C 25-50% of children were psychologically abused.D 60-75% of children were neglected by their parents.3. Many homicide deaths in children under 15 are wrongly categorized into the following types EXCEPT ________ according to the passage.A drowning in swimmingB diarrheaC bumsD falls4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused by child maltreatment?A The child will behave badly in his memory of his childhood when he grows up.B Child maltreatment hurts his nervous and immune systems.C Child maltreatment damages his early brain development.D The child is easily affected by many diseases in his adulthood.5. The maltreated children often bear all the following characteristics EXCEPT __________ according to the passage.A they frequently and easily cryB they are in infant's or in adolescent periodC they are often neglected by their parents or friendsD they often try their best to meet the requirements from their parents+第三十四篇 Be Alert to1 Antimicrobial Resistance 练习：1. Why is the use of antibiotics arousing globally increasing interest?A The misuse of the antibiotics has caused stronger bacteria resistance and no new drugs against the bacteria are available at present.B The micro-organisms develop much faster than the past, so the researchers are more interested.C The antibiotics for multi-drug resistant bacteria are highly priced and there will be a big market for the drug industry.D The antibiotics has been found more powerful for the treatment of the multi-drug resistant bacteria.2. Which of the following is true of the article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases?A The issue of AMR led the scientists to be alert to the new human gene.B A new drug will be soon available for any multi-drug resistant bacteria.C A new strain has been found to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics.D AMR aroused the awareness of the scientists to the infections caused by the antibiotics.3. Who of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage to take cautious and proper action about the AMR?A Those who use antibiotics.B Those who sell antibiotics.C Those who produce antibiotics.D Those who study in universities.4. All the following recommendations to the governments from WHO is true EXCEPTA education to the users of .antibiotics.B control on the use of antibiotics in health facilities.C introduction of new regulations on the sale of antibiotics.D limit on the hospitals to store more antibiotic drugs than they can use.5. What can you infer from the passage?A WHO can only recommend the governments to control and prevent the transmission of multi- drug resistant organisms.B Even with the new strains against the existing antibiotics, the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms is still under control.C Without the support from WHO, no country can be safe in the war against the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms.D WHO will spare no effort in antimicrobial resistance in 2010 and will set a special day for it in 2011.。

2011年职称英语理工类考试教材新增文章译文第四部分阅读理解第二篇世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值科威特科学家预测世界常规原油产量将在2014年达到峰值，这一发现可能会促进储存石油的努力。

这一预测比其他预测提前了将近十年，已经发表在美国化学学会《能量与燃料》杂志上。

伊布赫姆·纳夏威和同事们指出，全球石油消耗的快速增长使人们对"石油峰值"预测的兴趣越来越浓o"石油峰值"指的是石油产量达到最大值然后开始下降的时间点。

科学家已经构建了几个模型来预测这一时间，有些模型认为这一时间在2020年或更晚。

其中最著名的预测模型之一是赫伯特模型。

赫伯特模型认为世界石油产量呈钟型曲线，与此相关的概念是"石油峰值".这一术语指的是世界石油产量达到峰值的那一刻，之后将呈现无法逆转的下降趋势。

赫伯特模型精确地预测到美国石油产量于l970年达到峰值。

这一模型从此受到欢迎，已经用于预测世界石油生产。

但是，最近研究表明，这一模型不足以解释某些国家更加复杂的石油生产周期。

科学家称，这些生产周期受到技术变化、政策和其他因素的很大影响。

最新研究描述了赫伯特模型的新版本，提供了更加实际、更加准确的石油生产预测。

科学家使用新模型评估了47个主要产油国家的石油生产趋势，这47个国家是世界常规原油的主要提供者。

科学家预计全球常规原油产量将于2014年达到峰值，比之前预计的要早很多年。

科学家还指出，世界石油储量正在以2．1％的速度逐年减少，他们认为新模型会帮助做出与能源相关的决定，帮助进行国家政策辩论。

第六篇编织灯光维克人过着与祖先类似的生活——他们不使用电，因为在他们居住的偏远山区架设电线成本太大。

维克人以制作精美的工艺品为生，他们到几百英里以外的城市去销售工艺品。

因为家里和路上都没有电，他们只能白天工作，天一黑就不得不停下手中的活计。

如今，一个由科学家、设计师和建筑师组成的团队正在利用新技术为维克人在太阳下山之后提供光亮。

2011年卫生类职称英语教材新增文章下载阅读理解新增文章（共4篇）目录：第三篇(C级)：Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor第十八篇(B级)：Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics第二十四篇(B级)：Preventing Chlid Maltreatment第三十四篇(A级)：Be Alert to Antimicrobial Resistance第三篇Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking，said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger，especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute，more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Following breast cancer，it has the second-highest incidence rate.“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer，”said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them，1,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke，according to the report.However，more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term，close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about l irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women’s bedrooms were adjacent to2 the kitchen.However，local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.“Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day，I must stay in the kitchen to cook，" said Xu Li. a 45-year-old local woman. "I know the fumes are bad for the skin，but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer .I have already started frying less.’’Doctors said women’s lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical co ndition，but was closely related to family cancer history，unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with He.3"Smoking is by far the biggest cause4 of lung cancer for men，" said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College. "It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.”He's research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling5 fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time，6 experts said.词汇：fume n.烟，气，汽 fry v.油炸，油煎tumor(=tumour)n.肿瘤 unventilated vt.使不通风cancern.癌瘤 adjacent adj.临近的breast/brest/n.乳房，胸dietary adj饮食的incidence n.发生(率) immune adj 免疫的diagnosis n.诊断 honorary adj.名誉上的;荣誉的inhale v.吸人 respiratory adj.呼吸的irritate vt.使疼痛，刺激 stall n.货摊注释：plain原意是“抱怨，诉苦”，但医学上常用complain about或complain of表示“主诉"。

2011年全国职称英语综合类（C级）真题及答案解析第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. Eventually, she got a job and moved to London.A FinallyB CertainlyC LuckilyD Naturally2. A number of theories have been proposed to explain the situation.A testedB usedC suggestedD announced3. She can be relied on in a crisis.A looked afterB believed inC depended onD turned on4. We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A offeredB includedC acceptedD investigated5. Greene spent a brief time at Cambridge.A hardB goodC shortD long6. My doctor said I should vary my diet more.A prepareB cookC chooseD change7. Things have changed a lot since I was a child.A graduallyB suddenlyC frequentlyD greatly8. The book took ten years thorough research.A carefulB basicC socialD major9. The love of money is the root of all evil.A causeB resultC endD force10. The high-speed trains can have major impact on our lives．A effortB influenceC problemD concern11. They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A turnedB reducedC movedD reformed12. The test produced disappointing results.A unsatisfactoryB indirectC similarD positive13. His long-term goal is to set up his own business.A. ideaB. energyC. aimD. Order14. Marsha confessed that she know nothing of computer.A reportedB hopedC answeredD admitted15. His shoes were shined to perfection.A. clearedB. polishedC. washedD. mended第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2011年职称英语考试已于3⽉26⽇结束，以下是考友分享的2011职称英语(综合类A级)真题答案：阅读判断，希望对⼤家有所帮助。

2011年职称英语考试综合类A级(阅读理解)试题及答案下⾯有3篇短⽂，每篇短⽂后有5道题，每道题后⾯都有4个选项。

请仔细阅读短⽂并根据短⽂回答其后⾯的问题，从4个选项中选择1个答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第⼀篇 The Smell of Money For many years large supermarkets have been encouraging us to spend money by pumping the smell of freshly-baked bread into their stories. Now Dale Air, a leading firm of aroma (⾹⽓) consultants, has been approached by Barclay’s Bank to develop suitable artificial smells for their banks. Researchers have suggested that surrounding customers with the “smell if money” will encourage them to feel relaxed and optimistic and give them added confidence in the bank’s security and professionalism. But before a smell can be manufactured and introduced into banks’ air conditioning systems. It must be identified and chemically analyzed, and this has proved to be difficult. The problem is that banknotes-and coins tend to pick up the smell of their surroundings. So cash that has been sitting in a cash register at a fishmonger’s (鱼贩) will smell of fish, and banknotes used to pay for meals in restaurants will tend to smell of food. It may be a challenge, but aroma experts have little doubt that the use of artificial smells can be an effective form of subconscious advertising. Lunn Poly, a British travel company, introduced the smell of coconuts (椰⼦) into its travel agencies and saw a big increase in spending by holiday makers. Many cafes now have electric dispensers (⾃动售货机) that release the smell of freshly roasted coffee near their entrances, subtly encouraging customers to come in and have a drink or snack. Even prestigious car maker Rolls-Royce has been spraying the inside of its cars to enhance the smell of the leather seats. “The sense of smell is probably the most basic and primitive of all human senses,” explains researcher Jim O’Rordan. “There is a direct pathway from the olfactory (嗅觉的) organs in the nose to the brain.” It is certainly true that most people find certain smells incredibly strong, stringing memories and feelings in a way that few other stimulants (刺激物) can rival. It is a phenomenon marketing consultants have long recognized, but until recently have been unable to harness. “We’ve made great progress but the technology of odour production is still in its infancy,” says O’Riordan, “Who knows where it will take us.” 31. Artificial smells have NOT been used in A cafes B banks C travel agencies D supermarkets 32. Researchers believe that introducing the “smell of money” into banks will encourage people A to spend money B to feel confident about banks C to earn more money D to withdraw money from banks 33. The difficulty of producing the “smell of money” lies in that A people’s attitudes toward money are different B it’s hard to identify and analyze it C no technology can do it D experts have no motive 34. The word “harness” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to A see B study C control D understand 35. Researchers think A artificial smells help to improve people’s memory B the technology to produce artificial smells is in the early stage C artificial smells are harmful D the production of artificial smells is profitably第⼆篇 Spoilt for Choice(A级) Choice, we are given to1 believe, is a right. In daily life, people have come to expect endless situations about which they are required to make decisions one way or another. In the main2, these are just irksome moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpower, or during lunch breaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to. But sometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can have serious or lifelong repercussions. More complex decision-making is then either avoided, postponed, or put into the hands of the army of professionals, Iifestylecoaches, lawyers, advisors, and the like. waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee2. But for a good many4 people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares5. The main impact of endless choice in people's lives is anxiety. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness, even paralysis, in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away6, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted in order to solve the problem and reduce the unease. Recent surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportion of electrical goods bought per household are not really needed. The advertisers and the shareholders of the manufacturers are, nonetheless, satisfied. It is not just their availability that is the problem, but the speed with which new versions of products come on the market. Advances in design and production mean that new items are almost ready by the time that goods hit the shelves7. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The classic example is computers which are almost obsolete once they are bought. At first, there were only one or two available from a limited number of manufacturers, but now there are many companies all with not only their own products but different versions of the same machine. This makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease. into a shop and buy one thing8; no choice, no anxiety. The plethora of choice is not limited to consumer items. With the greater mobility of people around the world, people have more choice about where they want to live and work — a fairly recent phenomenon. In the past, nations migrated across huge swathes of the earth in search of food, adventure, and more hospitable environments. Whole nations crossed continents and changed the face of history, So the mobility of people is nothing new. The creation of nation states and borders9 effectively slowed this process down. 36. Sometimes people ask professionals to help them make decisions because A the decisions may have serious impact on their lives B only professionals have the right to do that C they have sufficient money to pay D they have emotional problems 37. When people cannot easily decide what to buy, which of the following is the least possible choice? A Giving up B Walking away C Buying an unsuitable item D Seeking advice 38. Why do products have a short lifespan nowadays? A They are of poor quality. B They are quickly replaced with new ones. C They have too many versions. D They are not designed by computers. 39. How does migration today differ from that of the past? A People now migrate to find better jobs. B People now migrate for better life. C People now migrate for better environments. D People now have more choice about where to migrate. 40. Which of the following best expresses the writer’s view on choice? A Better more choice than no choice B Better no choice than more choice C All choice is easy D More choice, more anxiety第三篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking? Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication—having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected. The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serous debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health. On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (扫描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn’t remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer’s doctor didn’t agree. What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect verysmall amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about. As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it’s best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it’s wise not to use your mobile phone too often 41. People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that A they’re popular B they’re cheap C they’re useful D they’re convenient 42. The world “detected” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by A cured B removed C discovered D caused 43. The salesman retired young because A he disliked using mobile phones B he was tired of talking on his mobile phone C he couldn’t remember simple tasks D his employer’s doctor persuaded him to 44. On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies A deny the existence of mobile phone radiation B develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation C try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health D hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about 45. The writer’s purpose of writing this article is to advise people A to buy mobile phones B to update regular phones C to use mobile phones less often D to stop using mobile phones 答案解析： 第⼀篇阅读理解：the smell of money 31. Artificial sm e l l s h a v e b e e n u s e d i n _ _ _ .。

2011年职称英语教材综合类A、B级补全短文word汇总DAt the US Obesity Society's annual meeting, one person correlated obesity with car accident deaths, and another correlated obesity with suicides.(3) No one asked whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship3. "The funny thing was that everyone took it seriously," Oliver said.In a 1960s study, children were shown drawings of children with disabilities and without them, and a drawing of an obese child. They were asked which they would want for a friend? (4) The obese child was picked last.Three researchers recently repeated the study using college students. Once again, almost no one, not even obese people, liked the obese person. "Obesity was stigmatized," the researchers said.But, researchers say, getting thin is not like quitting smoking. People struggle to stop smoking, and, in the end, many succeed. Obesity is different. But, not because obese people don't care. (5) Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight. Genes also play a part.第十三篇 The Value of MotherhoodIn shopping malls, the assistants try to push you into buying “a gift to thank her for her unselfish love”. When you log onto1a website, a small pop-up2 invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May.(1) The American version of Mother's Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.The popularity of Mother's Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact, she got more - enough to make her horrified.(2) According to a research by the US card company Hallmark, 96 percent of Americanconsumers celebrate the holiday. They buy, among other things, 132 million cards. Mother's Day is the No 1 holiday for flower purchases. Then there are the various commodities, ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder, that take advantage of the promotion opportunities. Because of this, Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother's Day. One protest against the commercialization of Mother's Day even got her arrested – for disturbing the peace, interestingly.(3) But what's more, commercialism changes young people's attitude towards motherhood. As Ralph Fevre, a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian, observe, traditionally "motherhood is something that we do because we think it's right." But in the logic of commercialism, peopleneed something in exchange for their time and energy. A career serves this purpose better.(4) In addition, women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire. So they work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother, however, inevitably handicaps career anticipation.(5) As a result, motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s.According to The Guardian, there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or, they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives.So, Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother's Day needs to be updated: "It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people."Ludwig Van BeethovenLudwig van Beethoven, a major composer of the nineteenth century, overcame many personal problems to achieve artistic greatness.Born in Bonn, Germany, in 1770, he first studied music with the court organist, Gilles van der Eeden. His father was excessively strict and given to heavy drinking. (1) When his mother died, Beethoven, then a young man, was named guardian of his two younger brothers.Appointed deputy court organist to Christian Gottlob Neefe at a surprisingly early age in 1782, Beethoven also played the harpsichord and the viola. In 1792 he was sent to Vienna by his patron, Count Ferdinand Waldstein, to study music under Haydn.Beethoven remained unmarried. (2) Because of irregular payments from his publishers and erratic support from his patrons, he was troubled by financial worries throughout his adult life. Continually plagued by ill health, he developed an ear infection which led to his tragic deafness in 1819.(3) In spite of this handicap, however, he continued to write music. He completed mature masterpieces of great musical depth: three piano sonatas, four string quartets, the Missa Solemnis, and the 9th Symphony. He died in 1827. (4) His life was marked by a passionate dedication to independence.Noting that Beethoven often flew into fits of rage, Goethe once said of him, “I am astonished by his talent, but he is unfortunately an altogether untamed personality.” (5) Although Beethoven’s personality may have been untamed, his music shows great discipline and control, and this is how we remember him best.Einstein Named “Person of the Century”Albert Einstein， whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel the secrets of the atom and of the universe， was chosen as “Person of the Century” by Time magazine on Sunday.A man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius， Einstein has come to represent more than any other person the flowering of 20th century scientific though that set the stage for the age of technology.“The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic， but technological—technologies that flowed directly from advances in basic science，” wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a Time essay explaining Einstein’s significance. （1）“Clearly， no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Einstein.”Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt1 to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism， and Mahatma Gandhi2 as an icon for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics.“What we saw was Franklin Roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedom’s fight against totalitarianism， Gandhi personifying the great theme of individuals struggling for their rights， and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing technological advances that helped expand the growth of freedom，”said Time Magazine Editor Walter Isaacson.Einstein was born in Ulm， Germany in 1879. （2）In his early years，Einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become. He was slow to learn to speak and did not do well in elementary school. He could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams3.In 1905， however， he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate examples of human imagination in history. （3）In his “Special Theory of Relativity，” Einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light.Everything else—mass，weight， space， even time itself—is a variable. And he offered the world his now-famous equation： energy equals mass times the speed of light squared—E=mc2.（4）“Indirectly， relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality， art and politics，” Isaacson wrote in an essay explaining Time’s choices. “There was less faith in absolutes， not only of time and space but also of truth and morality. ”Einstein’s famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons. In 1939， six years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University， Einstein，an avowed pacifist4， signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the United States to develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany did.（5）Roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the “Manhattan Project” that secretly developed the first atomic weapon. Einstein did not work on the project.Einstein died in Princeton， New Jersey in 1955.完形填空。

2011年卫生类职称英语教材新增文章下载阅读理解新增文章（共4篇）目录：第三篇(C级)：Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor第十八篇(B级)：Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics第二十四篇(B级)：Preventing Chlid Maltreatment第三十四篇(A级)：Be Alert to Antimicrobial Resistance第三篇Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking，said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger，especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute，more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Following breast cancer，it has the second-highest incidence rate.“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer，”said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them，1,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke，according to the report.However，more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term，close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about l irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women’s bedrooms were adjacent to2 the kitchen.However，local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.“Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day，I must stay in the kitchen to cook，" said Xu Li. a 45-year-old local woman. "I know the fumes are bad for the skin，but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer .I have already started frying less.’’Doctors said women’s lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical co ndition，but was closely related to family cancer history，unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with He.3"Smoking is by far the biggest cause4 of lung cancer for men，" said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College. "It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.”He's research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling5 fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time，6 experts said.词汇：fume n.烟，气，汽 fry v.油炸，油煎tumor(=tumour)n.肿瘤 unventilated vt.使不通风cancern.癌瘤 adjacent adj.临近的breast/brest/n.乳房，胸dietary adj饮食的incidence n.发生(率) immune adj 免疫的diagnosis n.诊断 honorary adj.名誉上的;荣誉的inhale v.吸人 respiratory adj.呼吸的irritate vt.使疼痛，刺激 stall n.货摊注释：plain原意是“抱怨，诉苦”，但医学上常用complain about或complain of表示“主诉"。