下载文档原格式
托福综合写作词汇总结一、表示观点类。
1. Opinion（[əˈpɪnjən]，名词）- 例句：His opinion on this issue is very different from mine.2. View（[vjuː]，名词）- 例句：The author's view in the passage is quite convincing.3. Standpoint（[ˈstændpɔɪnt]，名词）- 例句：We should consider this problem from different standpoints.4. Perspective（[pəˈspektɪv]，名词）- 例句：From a historical perspective, this event has great significance.二、表示支持类。
1. Support（[səˈpɔːt]，动词/名词）- 例句：The evidence in the lecture supports the idea in the reading.（动词）- 例句：We need more support for this project.（名词）2. Back up（[bæk ʌp]，动词短语）- 例句：The data from the research backs up the author's claim.3. Endorse（[ɪnˈdɔːs]，动词）- 例句：Many experts endorse this new theory.三、表示反对类。
1. Oppose（[əˈpəʊz]，动词）- 例句：Some people oppose the construction of the new factory.2. Object to（[ˈɒbdʒɪkt tuː]，动词短语）- 例句：He objects to the new policy.3. Contradict（[ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt]，动词）- 例句：The lecturer's statement contradicts what is written in the reading.四、表示比较类。
托福写作中常用的100个高频词语搭配51.对这一问题持有不同态度hold different attitudes towards this issue52.支持前/后种观点的人people/ those in fovor of the former/ latter opinion53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence54.在一定程度上to some extent/ degree/ in some way55. 理论和实践相结合integrate theory with practice56. …必然趋势an irresistible trend of…57.日益激烈的社会竞争the increasingly fierce social competition58.眼前利益immediate interest/ short-term interest59.长远利益.interest in the long run60.…有其自身的优缺点…has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages61.扬长避短Exploit to the full one's favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones 62.取其精髓，取其糟粕Take the essence and discard the dregs.63.对…有害do harm to/ be harmful to/ be detrimental to…64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息exchange ideas/ emotions/ information65.跟上…的最新发展keep pace with/ catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of …66.采取有效措施来…take effective measures to do sth.67.…的健康发展the healthy development of …68.有利有弊Every coin has its two sides.No garden without weeds.69.对…观点因人而异Views on …vary from person to person.70.重视attach great importance to…71.社会地位social status72.把时间和精力放在…上focus time and energy on…73.扩大知识面expand one's scope of knowledge74.身心两方面both physically and mentally75.有直接/间接关系be directly/ indirectly related to…76. 提出折中提议set forth a compromise proposal77. 可以取代“think”的词believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that 78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担relieve stress/ burden79.优先考虑/发展…give (top) priority to sth.80.与…比较compared with…/ in comparison with81. 相反in contrast/ on the contrary.82.代替replace/ substitute/ take the place of83.经不起推敲cannot bear closer analysis/ cannot hold water 84.提供就业机会offer job opportunities85. 社会进步的反映mirror of social progress86.毫无疑问Undoubtedly,/ There is no doubt that…87.增进相互了解enhance/ promote mutual understanding88.充分利用make full use of/ take advantage of89.承受更大的工作压力suffer from heavier work pressure90.保障社会的稳定和繁荣guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society 91.更多地强调put more emphasis on…92.适应社会发展adapt oneself to the development of society93.实现梦想realize one's dream/ make one's dream come true94. 主要理由列举如下The main reasons are listed as follows:95. 首先First/ Firstly/ In the first place/ To begin with96.其次Second/ Secondly/ In the second place97.再次Besides/ In addition/ Additionally/ Moreover/ Furthermore98. 最后Finally/ Last but not the least/ Above all/ Lastly,99. 总而言之All in all/ To sum up/ In summary/ In a word,100.我们还有很长的路要走We still have a long way to go1.经济的快速发展the rapid development of economy2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people's living standard 3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology4.面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges5.人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that…6.社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development7.引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8.不可否认It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…9.热烈的讨论/ 争论a heated discussion/ debate10. 有争议性的问题a controversial issue11.完全不同的观点a totally different argument12.一些人…而另外一些人…Some people…while others…13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言As far as I am concerned, / Personally,14.就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on…15.有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons16.双方的论点argument on both sides17.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in…18.对…必不可少be indispensable to …19.正如谚语所说As the proverb goes:20.…也不例外…be no exception21.对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on…22.利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.23.导致，引起lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in24.复杂的社会现象a complicated social phenomenon25.责任感/ 成就感sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 26. 竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation27. 开阔眼界widen one's horizon/ broaden one's vision 28.学习知识和技能acquire knowledge and skills29.经济/心理负担financial burden / psychological burden 30.考虑到诸多因素take many factors into account/ consideration 31. 从另一个角度from another perspective32.做出共同努力make joint efforts33. 对…有益be beneficial / conducive to…34.为社会做贡献make contributions to the society35.打下坚实的基础lay a solid foundation for…36.综合素质comprehensive quality37.无可非议blameless / beyond reproach39.致力于/ 投身于be committed / devoted to…40. 应当承认Admittedly,41.不可推卸的义务unshakable duty42. 满足需求satisfy/ meet the needs of…43.可靠的信息源a reliable source of information44.宝贵的自然资源valuable natural resources45.因特网the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I 大写)46.方便快捷convenient and efficient47.在人类生活的方方面面in all aspects of human life48.环保(的)environmental protection / environmentally friendly49.社会进步的体现a symbol of society progress50.科技的飞速更新the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology。
1.双方观点argument on both sid es2.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in3.对…必不可少be indispensable to4.正如谚语所说as the proverb goes:5.也不例外x has no exception.6.对。
产生有利影响exert positive effects on…7.对。
产生不利影响exert negative/harmful/adverse effects on8.利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages9.导致lead to/give rise to/contribute to/result in/trigger10.复杂的社会现象a complicated social phenomenon11.责任感sense of responsibility12.成就感sense of achievement/accomplishment/fulfillment13.竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation14.看扩眼界widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision15.学习知识和技巧acquire knowledge and skills16.经济/心理负担financial burden/psychological burden17.考虑到诸多因素take many factors into account/consideration18.从另一个角度from another perspective19.作出共同努力make joint efforts20.对。
有益be beneficial to21.对社会做出贡献make contribution to the society22.打下坚实的基础lay solid foundation for23.综合素质comprehensive quality24.无可非议blameless/ beyond reproach25.致力于/投身于be committed to/ be devoted to26.应当承认admittedly27.不可推卸的责任unshakable duty28.满足需求satisfy/ meet the needs of29.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information30.宝贵的自然资源valuable natural resources31.因特网the Internet (一定要有冠词，字母I大写)32.方便快捷convenient and efficient33.在人类生活的方方面面in all aspects of human life34.环保的environmentally friendly35.社会进步的体现 a symbol of social progress36.科技的飞速更新the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology37.对这一问题持有不同态度hold different attitudes towards this issue38.支持前/后种观点的人people/ those in favor of the former/latter opinion39.有/提供如下理由/证据have/provide the following reasons/evidence40.在一定程度上to some extent/degree/in some way41.理论和实践相结合integrate theory with practice42.必然趋势an irresistible trend of43.日益激烈的社会竞争the increasingly fierce social competition44.眼前利益immediate interest/short-term interest45.长远利益interest in the long run46.有其自身的优缺点has its merits and demerits/advantages and disadvantages47.扬长避短exploit favorable condition and avoid unfavorable ones48.取其精华，去其糟粕take the essence and discard the dregs49.对。
托福写作必备词汇和短语1.表示“认为、主张、相信”等意思的词汇believe, argue, assert, maintain, hold, propose, suggest, recommend等。
2.表示“反对、不支持”等意思的词汇oppose, disagree, disapprove, criticize, voice opposition to等。
3.表示“介绍、描述”等意思的词汇describe, explain, delve into, illustrate, shed light on等。
4.表示“评论、评价”等意思的词汇assess, evaluate, rate, critique, appraise等。
5.表示“提出建议、要求”等意思的词汇suggestion, proposal, recommendation, advice, demand等。
6.表示“重要、必要性”等意思的词汇essential, crucial, significant, important, crucial等。
7.表示“问题、问题所在”等意思的词汇1issue, problem, question, difficulty, challenge等。
8.表示“优点、好处”等意思的词汇benefit, advantage, positive aspect, upside等。
9.表示“缺点、不利之处”等意思的词汇drawback, disadvantage, downside等。
10.表示“举例”等意思的词汇for example, for instance, such as等。
11.表示“总结”等意思的词汇summary, conclusion, bottom line等。
12.表示“改变、变化”等意思的词汇change, transformation, shift等。
当然，除了上述所列举的词汇和短语外，还有许多其他的常用词汇和短语，考生可以根据自己的实际情况进行总结和积累。
托福必背高频短语1. In my opinion (在我看来)在写托福作文时，使用"In my opinion"这个短语可以表达自己的观点和看法。
例如：> In my opinion, studying abroad can broaden our horizons and help us gain valuable experiences.2. On the one hand, on the other hand (一方面，另一方面)在写托福作文时，使用"On the one hand, on the other hand"这个短语可以表达两个相对立的观点。
例如：> On the one hand, traveling abroad can expose us to different cultures and enhance our understanding of the world. On the other hand, it can be expensive and cause homesickness.3. It is widely believed that (广泛认为)在写托福作文时，使用"It is widely believed that"这个短语可以引出一种广泛认可的观点。
例如：4. In conclusion (总结)在写托福作文时，使用"In conclusion"这个短语可以对前面的观点进行总结。
例如：> In conclusion, the benefits of exercise outweigh the disadvantages. Therefore, it is important for everyone to incorporate physical activity into their daily routine.5. It goes without saying that (不言而喻)在写托福作文时，使用"It goes without saying that"这个短语可以指出一个显而易见的观点。
1.经济的快速发展the rapid development of economy2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology4.面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges5.人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that…6.社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development7.引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention8.不可否认It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…9.热烈的讨论/ 争论a heated discussion/ debate10. 有争议性的问题a controversial issue11.完全不同的观点a totally different argument12.一些人…而另外一些人… Some people… while others…13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言As far as I am concerned, / Personally,14.就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on…15.有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons16.双方的论点argument on both sides17.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in…18.对…必不可少be indispensable to …19.正如谚语所说As the proverb goes:你的老师考过SAT吗？我们的考过，许老师2270，写作800！20.…也不例外…be no exception21.对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on…22.利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.23.导致，引起lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in24.复杂的社会现象a complicated social phenomenon25.责任感/ 成就感sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement26. 竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation27. 开阔眼界widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision28.学习知识和技能acquire knowledge and skills29.经济/心理负担financial burden / psychological burden30.考虑到诸多因素take many factors into account/ consideration31. 从另一个角度from another perspective32.做出共同努力make joint efforts33. 对…有益be beneficial / conducive to…34.为社会做贡献make contributions to the society35.打下坚实的基础lay a solid foundation for…36.综合素质comprehensive quality37.无可非议blameless / beyond reproach39.致力于/ 投身于be committed / devoted to…40. 应当承认Admittedly,41.不可推卸的义务unshakable duty42. 满足需求satisfy/ meet the needs of...所谓名师出高徒，有木有想过考试不提分是老师水平的问题？！43.可靠的信息源a reliable source of information44.宝贵的自然资源valuable natural resources45.因特网the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I 大写)46.方便快捷convenient and efficient47.在人类生活的方方面面in all aspects of human life48.环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly49.社会进步的体现a symbol of society progress50.科技的飞速更新the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology51.对这一问题持有不同态度hold different attitudes towards this issue52.支持前/后种观点的人people / those in favor of the former/ latter opinion53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence54.在一定程度上to some extent/ degree / in some way55. 理论和实践相结合integrate theory with practice56. …必然趋势an irresistible trend of…57.日益激烈的社会竞争the increasingly fierce social competition58.眼前利益immediate interest/ short-term interest59.长远利益. interest in the long run60.…有其自身的优缺点… has its merits and demerits/ advantagesand disadvantages61.扬长避短Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones62.取其精髓，取其糟粕Take the essence and discard the dregs.63.对…有害do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息exchange ideas/ emotions/ information65.跟上…的最新发展keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of …66.采取有效措施来… take effective measures to do sth.67.…的健康发展the healthy development of …68.有利有弊Every coin has its two sides..69.对…观点因人而异Views on …vary from person to person.70.重视attach great importance to…71.社会地位social status72.把时间和精力放在…上focus time and energy on…73.扩大知识面expand one’s scope of knowledge74.身心两方面both physically and mentally75.有直接/间接关系be directly / indirectly related to…76. 提出折中提议set forth a compromise proposal77. 可以取代“think”的词believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担relieve stress/ burden79.优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth.80.与…比较compared with…/ in comparison with81. 相反in contrast / on the contrary.82.代替replace/ substitute / take the place of83.经不起推敲cannot bear closer analysis/ cannot hold water84.提供就业机会offer job opportunities85. 社会进步的反映mirror of social progress86.毫无疑问Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…87.增进相互了解enhance/ promote mutual understanding88.充分利用make full use of / take advantage of89.承受更大的工作压力suffer from heavier work pressure90.保障社会的稳定和繁荣guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society91.更多地强调put more emphasis on…92.适应社会发展adapt oneself to the development of society93.实现梦想realize one’s dream/ make one’s dream come true94. 主要理由列举如下The main reasons are listed as follows:95. 首先First，Firstly，In the first place, To begin with96.其次Second, Secondly, In the second place97. 再次Besides，In addition, Additionally, Moreover, Furthermore98. 最后Finally, Last but not the least, Above all, Lastly,99. 总而言之All in all, To sum up, In summary, In a word,100.我们还有很长的路要走We still have a long way to go。
托福写作必备高分词汇| 常用短语汇总Education作业 ( 注意它是可数名词，与homework不一样) n. assignment选修课n. elective学分n. credit青少年n. adolescent ;青春期的adj. adolescent青少年children and youth教课法teaching/ pedagogical methodology适应adapt to sth./ adjust oneself to sth./ become accustomed to sth.适应能力n. adaptability应用v. apply把学生疏开教育segregate students团队精神team spirit独立思虑think independently在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding学生的反应students ’ feedback学生评论老师的教课students appraise/ evaluate their teachers’ performance 通才n. generalist专才n. specialist全面发展的adj. well-rounded为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being (or welfare)人文学科n. humanities社会科学social sciences艺术n. arts文科总称n. liberal studies/ arts理科n. sciences工科n. engineering基础科学basic sciences应用科学applied sciences学科 ( 通称 ); 纪律n. discipline管教vt. discipline自制力n. self-discipline小( 中、大 ) 学教育 primary-level (or secondary-level/ tertiary-level ) education 职业教育vocational education/ training互动vt. interact学校给学生的教育n. schooling学校供给的课程总称n. curriculum ( pl. curricula)心理的adj. psychological参加n. participation≈ involvement扰乱n. distraction记忆vt. memorize获得vt. acquire以教师为中心的adj. teacher-centered以学生为中心的adj. student- centered熟掌握⋯⋯ be proficient in榜role model同人n. peer孩子或许其余弱者度保adj. overprotective力n. motivation沮n. frustration家小孩的教育n. parenting用批评的目光去看的能力critical thinking abilities ( 某方面的 ) 意n. awareness (of)有造力的adj. creative / original⋯⋯特别熟习adj. well-acquainted (with)表优异perform well⋯⋯打好基lay a solid foundation for自尊n. self-esteem尊n. dignity估n. evaluation⋯⋯特别好的掌握n. mastery好奇心 n. curiosity精英n. elite教育test-oriented education富于想象力的imaginative沉浸于⋯⋯ indulge in⋯发人沉思的adj. thought- provoking无知的adj. ignorant文盲 ( 的) n.&adj. illiterate学龄前小孩或许上学前班的小孩n. preschooler对文字技术的掌握对数学知识的掌握误入歧路go astray n. literacy n. numeracy给人新鲜感的adj. refreshing令人振奋的adj. uplifting给人动力的adj. motivating单亲家庭n. single-parent family未成年人n. minors宠爱vt. spoil青少年犯法juvenile delinquency/ youth crime欺凌 ( 当名词是“喜爱欺凌人的孩子”的意思) vt.& n. bully逃学n. truancy很有启示的adj. enlightening成型的阶段formative years植物学n. botany天文学n. astronomy培育v. cultivate/ foster/ nurture促使学生身心发展promote the student’s physical/ mental (or intellectual) andemotional development心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare给学生以动力give the students motivation to do sth./ motivate the students todo sth.教授知识impart/ inculcate knowledge灌注崇高的道德观instill high moral values给学生以灵感give the students inspiration学生对老师所教知识的掌握students ’ grasp (or command) of what has beentaught就业技术employable ( or marketable) skills填鸭式教法教课生force-feed the students学生不该当不过被动接受知识的容器。
六十个托福写作高频词汇六十个托福写作高频词汇很多同学一提到写作就头疼，因为他们没有掌握到写作的基本方法是从词汇开始，下面是店铺为大家搜索整理的六十个托福写作高频词汇，希望能给同学们带来帮助!十个托福写作高频词汇篇11、Challenge（1）Challenge sb to do sth .向…挑战，邀请…比赛They challenge us to a swimming contest.（2）to give （accept） a challenge （接受）挑战2、Share（1）Share 部分，分Everybody ought to have his proper share.（2）Share 参与、贡献I had no share in the mater.（3）Share （with,between）分配，共有They shared the profits between them.I will share with you in the undertaking.3、Instead（1）instead 代替If you cannot go,let him go instead.（2）instead of 代替I will go instead of you.4、Manage（1）manage to do 完成，达成We finally managed to get there in time.（2）manage with 办事，处现事务We can''t manage with these poor tools.（3）manage on 生活，过活How will she manage with her husband gone. 5、Afford（1）afford to do 足以承担I cannot afford to pay such a high price.（2）afford 产生Reading affords pleasure.6、Rather（1）would rather do 宁愿He said he would rather stay at home.（2）rather than 宁愿I had rather dance than eat.7、Ever（1）ever 曾经Have you ever been there?（2）ever 究竟Why ever didn''t you go.（3）ever 如果If the band（乐队）ever plays again,we will dance. （4）ever so=veryThank you ever so much.8、Available（1） available 通用的，有效的The season ticket is available for three months. （2）available 可用的，可达到的9、Else（1）else 此外，别的Where else did you go?（2）else 否则，不然Hurry,else you''ll be late.10、Involve（1）involve 包括Housekeeping involves cooking, washing dishes, sweeping and cleaning.（2）involve 使陷于One foolish mistake can involve you in a good deal of trouble.（3）involve 使纠缠，使难得A sentence that is involved is hard to understand.（4）involve 包围Clouds involved the hilltop.十个托福写作高频词汇篇21. concept ['knsept] n.概念2. conclude [kn'klu:d] v.结束;下结论3. concurrent [kn'krnt] a.同时发生的;并存的4. conduct ['kndkt, kn'dkt] n.行为 v.实施;指挥;导电5. confer [kn'f:] v.授予;协商6. confine [kn'fain, 'knfain] v.限制;禁闭7. confirm [kn'f:m] v.证实8. conflict [kn'flikt, 'knflikt] n.冲突 v.冲突9. conform [kn'f:m] v.遵守;符合10. consent [kn'sent] n.&v.同意十个托福写作高频词汇篇31. consequent ['knsi,kwnt] a.作为结果的2. considerable [kn'sidrbl] a.相当的3. consist [kn'sist] v.由…组成4. constant ['knstnt] a.不断的.5. constitute ['knstitju:t] v.构成6. constrain [kn'strein] v.限制;强制7. construct [kn'strkt] v.建造8. consult [kn'slt, 'knslt] v.商量;咨询;查阅9. consume [kn'sju:m] v.消耗;消费10. contact ['kntkt, kn'tkt] v.&n.接触;联系十个托福写作高频词汇篇41. contemporary [kn'temprri] a.当代的 n.同代人2. context ['kntekst] n.上下文;背景3. contract ['kntrkt, kn'trkt] n.合同 v.收缩4. contradict [,kntr'dikt] v.反驳;与…矛盾5. contrary ['kntrri] a.&n.相反6. contrast [kn'trɑ:st, -'trst, 'kntrɑ:st, -trst] n.对比 v.形成对比7. contribute [kn'tribju:t] v.捐献;贡献;投稿8. controversy ['kntr,v:si] n.争论9. convene [kn'vi:n] v.召集10. converse [kn'v:s] a.相反的十个托福写作高频词汇篇51. convert [kn'v:t] v.转化2. convince [kn'vins] v.使确信3. cooperate [ku'preit] v.合作4. coordinate [ku':dinit, ku':dineit] a.同等的 v.使协调5. core [k:] n.核心6. corporate ['k:prit] a.公司的7. correspond [,k:ri'spnd] v.通信;符合;对应8. couple ['kpl] n.两个;夫妇9. create [kri'eit] v.创造;引起10. credit ['kredit] n.信用;学分;功劳十个托福写作高频词汇篇61. criterion [krai'tirin] n.标准2. crucial ['kru:l] a.决定性的3. culture ['klt] n.文化;修养4. currency ['krnsi] n.货币5. cycle ['saikl] n.循环;周期6. data ['deit] n.[复]数据7. debate [di'beit] n.&v.辩论8. decade ['dekeid] n.十年9. decline [di'klain] v.谢绝;下倾;衰退 n.衰退10. deduce [di'dju:s] v.演绎。
T o e f l i B T高分作文高频词汇AAbove-mentioned adj.上述的Accolade n.称赞Aesthetic adj.审美的Affection n.友情；爱情Age-old adj.古老的Adage n.格言Adept adj.熟练的Adversity n.逆境Adversary n.对手Appease v.平息，安抚，缓和，使满足Approximately adv.大约Apex n.顶点，高潮Aptitude n.才能，才华Attest v.证明；表明Ailment n.疾病Ambassador n.使者，大使Amiable adj.和蔼的Anatomy n.解剖学Anarchic adj.无政府主义的Anarchy n.无政府状态，政治混乱Antisocial adj.孤僻的，不善社交的;反社会的Aquatic adj.水的，水生的Assimilation n.同化Asthma n.哮喘Amicably adv.友好地Assume v.假定，假如Asset n.资源Attribute n.特征Athletically adv.运动性地Awry adj.错误的Arena n.舞台；领域Array n.展示，排列，盛装Artificially adv.人工地Acquaintanceship n.相识Authority n.负责人Autographe n.亲笔签名Alarmingly adv.惊人地Alter v.改变Alleged adj.所谓的Ark n.方舟BBarmaid n.酒吧女招待Barbeque n.烧烤；烤肉野餐Bare adj.无遮蔽的；赤裸的；秃的Barren adj.荒芜的Basal adj.基础的Balcony n.阳台Bulb n.电灯泡Buzzword n时髦词汇，漂亮口号Boast v.自夸，以拥有~而自豪Bond v.维系，联结Bonding adj.联络感情的Bonus n.奖赏Blameworthy adj.该受责备的Blockbuster n.一鸣惊人者Bustling adj.繁忙的，热闹的；熙熙攘攘的CCast n.投掷，抛射Camaraderie n.友情，同志之爱Catalyst n.催化剂；接触剂Captivate v.迷住，迷惑Charismatic adj.有超凡魅力的Cholesterol n.胆固醇Coerce v.强制，强迫Collective adj.集合的，共同的Confine v.限制，禁闭Complex n.综合性建筑Compromising adj.妥协的，让步的Commute v.每天往返上班；定期往返于两地间Copious adj.很多的，丰富的Conceive v.构思，以为Conceivable adj.可想象的，可能的Connotation n.涵义，言外之意Conjure v.想象，变出Conjecture n.推测Considerably adv,相当大地Counterpart n.极为相似的人或物，副本；对应物Connoisseur n.鉴赏家Corresponding adj.相应的，通讯的Controversial adj.争论的，争议的Contemplate v.沉思Coupling n.联结，接合，耦合Conceptual adj.概念上的Conductive adj.有助于~的Confront v.面对Congest v.使充满，使拥塞Console v.安慰，慰藉Consumption n.消费；消费量Consensus n.共识，意见一致Consistent adj.始终如一的Controversial adj.有争议的Couch n.睡椅Courtesy n.礼貌Core n.中心Copious adj.丰富的Civic adj.市的，市政的Closeness n.亲密Crucial adj.决定性的Culinary adj.厨房的，厨房用的Curl v.蜷曲Chunk n.大块，相当大的数量Cuisine n.烹饪DDay-to-day adj.日常的，例行的Dean n.院长Debris n.碎石Decent adj.不错的，相当好的Decomposition n.分解，腐败，腐烂Democratic adj.民主的，民主主义的Depravity n.堕落，腐坏Desensitize v.使不敏感Determinative n.起决定性作用的事Detrimental adj.有害的Degradation n.堕落，退化Demographic adj.人口的，人口统计学的Documentary n.纪录片Disc jockey（DJ）电台音乐节目主持人Discern v.洞悉，识别Disheveled adj.不整洁的Distract v.分散~的注意力Dissemination n.分发，传播Dramatically adv.戏剧性地；剧烈地；引人瞩目的Drastically adv.激烈地Dissipate v.驱散Disposal n.布置，安排Disseminate v.散布Discourse n.谈话，讲话Discipline n.修养Disguise n.伪装Dissipate v.消散Divine adj.神的，神圣的Divergent adj.有分歧的，不同的Distinctive adj.与众不同的，有特色的Dramatically adv.极大地Duplicate n.完全相同的东西EEcosystem n.生态系统Elevator n.电梯Etcetera n.附加的人；附加物；等等Etiquette n.礼节Esteem n.尊重；尊敬Enamel n.瓷釉；vt.涂上瓷釉Entertainer n.演艺人员Enduring adj.持久的Engross v.用大字体书写；吸引Endeavor n.努力，尽力Endow v.赋予Enchant adj.使~入迷Ethics n.道德规范，伦理Endorse v.认可，签署Enforce v.实施，执行；强迫Errand n.差事Epitomize v.摘要；成为···缩影Emanate v.散发，发出；发源Embody vt.具体表达，包含Empathy n.通感Empirical adj.根据经验的，实用的Endeavor n,努力，尽力Excel v.优秀，胜过别人Exceptionally adv.格外地，特别地Exceedingly adv.及其，非常Expertise n.专门技能；专门知识Exploitative adj.开发资源的Explicitly adv.明白地Exponentially adv.成指数地，越来越快地Exorbitant adj.昂贵的Exorbitantly adv,过分地Equation n.相等，平衡，综合体Equalizer n.平衡器Elimination n消除Evoke v.唤起，引起FFancy adj.花哨的Fame n.声明，声望Fatal adj.致命的，重大的Flora n.植物Framework n.框架，构架，结构Feat n.技艺，功绩forge v.塑造Foster v.培养Frivolously adv.轻浮地，愚昧地Frivolity n.无聊的东西Fulfilling adj.有成就感的，有满足感的Flawlessly adv.无误地Flavor n.滋味Flip v.快速翻动，轻抛GGaiety n.欢乐的气氛Gear v.使适用于，调整，搭配活动Gesture n.表示Gloat v.心满意足Gracious adj.亲切的，高尚的Grant n.赠款Gospel n.真理Greenery n.草木Gross v.总共赚得Grumble n.怨言v.抱怨Grim adj.严峻的Grinding adj.折磨的HHaggard adj.憔悴的Halt n.停住，止步Hands-on adj.亲身实践的Handcrafted adj.手工的Handmade adj.手工制作的Habitual adj.习惯性的Habitat n.栖息地Hasty adj.轻率的Harness v.掌握Hearty adj.丰盛的Healing adj.有治疗功用的Heavy adj.油腻的Harshly adv.严厉地，苛刻地Hibernation n.冬眠Hindrance n.障碍Hygienic adj.卫生的Humanoid adj.人形的Humble adj.卑微的，微贱的Hectic adj.发热的，兴奋的Heavenly adj.神圣的IIconic adj.图标的Idolize v.极度崇拜Incredibly adv.非常,极端地Indecision n.优柔寡断，犹豫不决Inevitably adv.不可避免地Ingrained adj.根深蒂固的Impulsive adj.冲动的Implement n.工具；器具Immobility n.牢固Inherent adj.内在的，与生俱来Intelligent adj.智能的Intensive adj.集中的Intently adv.专注地，专心的Incorporate v.综合，合并Intricate adj.错综复杂的Intimate adj.亲密的Intensity n.强度Intense adj.极端的Indulge vi.沉溺Ideological adj.意识形态的，思想的Introverted adj.性格内向的；含蓄的Intrinsic adj.内在的，本质的Irrefutably adv.无可辩驳地Interact vi.相互交往Innumerable adj.数不清的，无数的Innocent adj.纯真的Innovation n.改革创新Innovative adj.创新的Irritating adj.令人不愉快的Insight n.见识，见解（+on) Inexpert adj.不熟练的Infamous adj.声名狼藉的Indispensable adj.不可缺少的Inspiration n.灵感Inseminate v.向~授精Immune adj.免疫的Illustrate v.举例说明，阐明Ill adj.卑劣的Impoverish v.使贫穷，使枯竭Impair v.削弱Indicator n.指示器；指示针；指标Intensely adv,剧烈地，热情地Intensive adj.密集的Interrelate v.互相关联Interrupted adj.被中断的Intertwine v.(使)缠绕Intricate adj.错综复杂的Irreconcilable adj.不协调的，矛盾的Inevitably adv,不可避免地Indulge v.迁就JJasmine n.茉莉，素馨，淡黄色Juxtaposition n.毗邻，并置，并列KKinship n.亲密关系LLaminate n.层压板Lavatory n.洗手室，厕所Likelihood n.可能性Logic n.逻辑Lonesome adj.感到寂寞的MMarshland n.沼泽地Metaphysics n.玄学Metropolis n.首都，大都会Metaphor n.隐喻，暗喻，比喻说话Massive adj.厚重的，大块的Maturity n.成熟，到期，完备Manifest v.出现；表明Manual n.手册；指南Maid n.仆人Malevolent adj.有恶意的，坏心肠的Manipulative adj.操纵的，控制的；巧妙处理的Messy adj.凌乱的，杂论的Merit n.优点Memento n.纪念品Monetary adj.货币的，金钱的Migration n.迁徙Misinterpretation n.曲解，误译Mystical adj.神秘的Monotonous adj.单调的，无变化的Mountainous adj.山一般的，巨大的Mode n.方式，样式Myth n.神话NNamely adv.即，也就是Navigate v.航行，航海；驾驶Nomad n.游牧民Nominal adj.金额极小的Norm n.标准，规范Notoriety n.恶名，声名狼藉；名声远扬Notorious adj.声名狼藉的Notoriously adv.臭名昭著地，众所周知地Nicotine n.尼古丁Nuance n.颜色，意义等细微差别OOblivion n.遗忘Occurrence n.事件Off-limits adj.禁止入内的Overall 总的来说Overwhelming adj.压倒性的Overwhelmingly adv.极其Onlooker n.旁观者，观众Outlet n.途径，发泄途径Outperform v.比~做得好PProgrammer n.程序员Partial adj.Parallel n.平行线，平行面Partake v.参加，参与；享受Paycheck n.付薪水的支票；薪水Patriotic adj.爱国的，有爱国心的Parvenu n.暴发户Photosynthesis n.光合作用Pockmark n.痘痕，麻子Poignantly adv.（味觉，嗅觉方面）刺激地Pop n.汽水Postage n.邮资，邮费Posit v.提出以供考虑或研究的建议；假定，认为Porthole n.通道Prevalent adj.普通的；流行的Preoccupy v.使全神贯注，迷住Prickly adj.易怒的Perception n.感知Peer n.同伴，同辈；同等的人；v.盯着看Perfume n.香水Pester v.纠缠Procrastinate v,延迟，耽搁Prophet n.先知，预言家Profound adj.深远的Proficient adj.熟练地，精通的Propose v,建议，向~提议Puberty n.青春期Prominent adj.卓越的，显著的Prolong vt.延长Prosperity n.兴旺，繁盛Precise adj.精确的，准确的Presumptuous adj.自以为是的Preferable adj.可取的Phonograph n.留声机，电唱机Phase n.阶段Phenomenal adj.出众的，非常的Photography n.摄影，摄影术Perspective n.观点，看法；见解，洞察Perceive v.理解，领悟Plague v.折磨，使苦恼Playful adj.活泼的，有趣的Plethora n.过多，过剩Plumbing n.管道装置Prominent adj.突出的，显著的Prudent adj.谨慎的，慎重的Present v.介绍，引荐Publicist n.公共关系顾问Picturesque adj.独特的QQuery n.质问RRatio n.比例，比率Readily adv.容易地Rookie n.新手；新兵Recruit v.聘用Refresh v.使恢复精神Rejuvenate v.使恢复活力Remedy n.补救法Retain v.保持，保留Resounding adj.响亮的Repetitive adj.重复的；反复性的Revelation n.显示，揭露，启示Relevant adj.有实际重要性的Regarding prep.关于~Ripple n.波动，起伏Reject v.否认Resume n.个人简历Reckon v.认为SSanitation n.卫生设备；环境卫生Sanctuary n.避难所Savvy adj.有见识的Savor v.尽情享受Spark v.激发Scrutiny n.详细审查Stationary adj.固定的Stable adj.稳定的Stability n.稳定性Stimulating v.促进Serenity n.平静Sensation n.感情，耸人听闻的Sensible adj.合理的Self-perceived adj.自以为的Soothing adj.平静的Sooth v.使~平静Shed v.流下；流出，发散Showcase n.陈列柜；v.使~展现Slumber n.睡眠Silt n.泥沙Signify v.象征，预示Sizable adj.相当大的Socialize v.交往Solely adv.独自地，单独地；仅仅Solidify v.巩固Sophisticated adj精致的，复杂的，富有经验的Socialization n.交际Spacious adj.宽敞的Spontaneously adv.自然地Sportsmanship n.运动家精神Stimulus n.促进(因素)；刺激(物) Stimulating adj.刺激的，有刺激性的Stool n.马桶Subtlety n.微妙Supplement v.辅助Supervise v.监督Surpass v.超越，胜过Sub-culture n.亚文化，次文化Subjective adj.主观的Subconsciously adv.下意识地Sustainability n.可持续性Susceptible adj.易得病的Studious adj.勤学的，认真的Strategy n.策略，计策Steady adj.平稳的，稳定的Sneaker n.运动鞋Succinctly adv.简洁地，简便地Speculation n.思索TTaboo adj.禁忌的，忌讳的Tardy adj.迟到Tantrum n.发怒Tedious adj.单调乏味的Trailer n.追踪者Transpire v.蒸发Tolerance n.宽容Tolerant adj.包容的Topsoil n.地表土Token n.筹码，信物，纪念品Thoughtful adj.善于思考的Toil n.辛苦；苦工Toss v.投掷Thrift n.节俭，节约Thrive v.兴旺，繁荣Titillate v.瘙痒；使愉快Time-honored adj.历史悠久的Turbulent adj.骚动的，动乱的UUnderage adj.未成年的，未到法定年龄的Uncaring adj.漠不关心的，冷漠的Uncouth adj.粗俗的Uninformed adj.未充了解情况的，莽撞的Utilize v.利用Utilitarian adj.实际的Utmost adj.极度的，最大的Unwind v.放松，松弛Ultimately adv.最终地Urinal n.小便处；尿壶Upheaval n.剧变VVancouver n.温哥华Vaccination n.接种疫苗Valid adj.合理的；正确的Venture v.冒险Venue n.审判地，犯罪地点Versatile adj.多方面的Vicious adj.恶意的Vedioconference n.视频会议Visionary n.空想家，梦想者Visualize v.想象出Visibly adv.显然地Vigorous adj.强大的Virtual adj.虚拟的V oice n.发言权Vulnerable adj.脆弱的WWary adj.小心谨慎的Warrant v.授权，证明Wasteland n.废墟Weld v.焊接Westernization n.西化Well-adjusted 有教养的Whence adv&conj.从那里Whereas adj.鉴于，而~ Whatsoever adv.任何地Wield v.支配，掌握，拥有Withstand v.抵御，承受Workout n.体育锻炼；测验XYZ。
托福写作常用词汇及易误用词汇托福写作想要拿到高分必须要要积累足够的词汇，不然到考场上想要写文章时才发现自己构思的文章很多都不会表达。
今天我给大家带来了托福写作常用词汇及易误用词汇整理,希望能够帮助到大家，一起来学习吧。
托福写作常用词汇及易误用词汇整理一.托福写作常用词汇1、合作:cooperate、join forces、make joint efforts、work side by side;2、支持，赞成:uphold、agree with、in favor of、approve of;3、优秀的:perfect、brilliant、first rank、first-class;4、有益的、建设性的:useful、helpful、valuable、constructiv;5、永远的:eternal、perpetual、lasting throughout life;6、过时的:outdated、outmoded、anachronistic、antiquated;7、年轻人：young people、youth、youngster、young adult ;8、短暂的：transitory、transient、ephemeral、short-lived ;9、一些：a range of、a variety of、a series of、an array of ;10、承认：admit、confes、acknowledge、concede;11、利用：use、take advantage of ;12、想法：frame of mind、mind set、the way one is thinking ;13、支持：support、endorse、uphold、back up ;14、不恰当：inappropriate、improper、unsuitable、inadequate;15、偶尔：now and then、from time to time、at times;16、合适：fit、suit、be suitable;17、需要：require、need、demand、it is necessary for..to..;18、解释：tell、explain、spell out、say how;19、初始的：preliminary ;20、依序列举：list in sequence。
托福写作必备高分词汇 | 常用短语汇总Education作业(注意它是可数名词，与homework不同) n. assignment选修课n. elective学分n. credit青少年n. adolescent ;青春期的adj. adolescent青少年children and youth教学法teaching/ pedagogical methodology适应adapt to sth./ adjust oneself to sth./ become accustomed to sth.适应能力n. adaptability应用v. apply把学生分开教育segregate students团队精神team spirit独立思考think independently在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding学生的反馈students’ feedback学生评价老师的教学students appraise/ evaluate their teachers’ performance 通才n. generalist专才n. specialist全面发展的adj. well-rounded为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being (or welfare)人文学科n. humanities社会科学social sciences艺术n. arts文科总称n. liberal studies/ arts理科n. sciences工科n. engineering基础科学basic sciences应用科学applied sciences学科(通称);纪律n. discipline 管教vt. discipline自制力n. self-discipline小(中、大)学教育primary-level (or secondary-level/ tertiary-level ) education 职业教育vocational education/ training互动vt. interact学校给学生的教育n. schooling学校提供的课程总称n. curriculum ( pl. curricula)心理的adj. psychological参与n. participation ≈ involvement干扰n. distraction记忆vt. memorize获取vt. acquire以教师为中心的adj. teacher-centered以学生为中心的adj. student- centered熟练掌握…… be proficient in榜样role model同龄人n. peer对孩子或者其他弱者过度保护adj. overprotective动力n. motivation沮丧n. frustration家长给小孩的教育n. parenting用批判的眼光去看问题的能力critical thinking abilities (某方面的)意识n. awareness (of)有创造力的adj. creative / original对……非常熟悉adj. well-acquainted (with)表现出色perform well为……打好基础lay a solid foundation for自尊n. self-esteem尊严n. dignity评估n. evaluation对……非常好的掌握n. mastery好奇心n. curiosity精英n. elite应试教育test-oriented education富于想象力的imaginative沉迷于…… indulge in …发人深思的adj. thought- provoking无知的adj. ignorant文盲(的) n.&adj. illiterate学龄前儿童或者上学前班的儿童n. preschooler对文字技能的掌握n. literacy对数学知识的掌握n. numeracy误入歧途go astray给人新鲜感的adj. refreshing令人振奋的adj. uplifting给人动力的adj. motivating单亲家庭n. single-parent family未成年人n. minors溺爱vt. spoil青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency/ youth crime欺负(当名词是“喜欢欺负人的孩子”的意思) vt.& n. bully逃学n. truancy很有启发的adj. enlightening成型的阶段formative years植物学n. botany天文学n. astronomy培养v. cultivate/ foster/ nurture促进学生身心发展promote the student’s physical/ mental (or intellectual) andemotional development心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare给学生以动力give the students motivation to do sth./ motivate the students to do sth.传授知识impart/ inculcate knowledge灌输高尚的道德观instill high moral values给学生以灵感give the students inspiration学生对老师所教知识的掌握students’ grasp (or command) of what has been taught就业技能employable ( or marketable) skills填鸭式教法教学生force-feed the students学生不应该只是被动接受知识的容器。
Students should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas.死记硬背learn things by rote为了记忆而记忆memorize for memorization’s own sake责任感 a sense of obligation/ duty/ res-ponsibility记忆方程式、公式、定理、定律memorize equations, formulas, theorems and laws 盲从follow sth. blindly/ follow sth. indiscriminately限制创造力的发展extinguish/ stifle/ constrain creativity打击学生的积极性dampen ( or sap ) the students’ enthusiasm/ frustrate the students产生不必要的压力beget/ create undue pressure塑造某人的性格mold one’s character来自其他同学的压力peer pressure逆境n. adverse circumstances/ adversity鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题encourage the students to think critically 课外活动extra-curricular activities学校是社会的缩影。
A school is society in miniature.不遵守纪律n. indiscipline/ misbehavior/ mischief违反纪律的学生disruptive/ unruly students理论知识theoretical knowledge双语的adj. bilingual形容人嘴特碎的adj. nagging有趣的adj. stimulating认知的adj. cognitive监护人n. guardian中学毕业当年成绩最优秀的学生n. valedictorian大学毕业成绩最顶尖graduate summa cum laude阐明，解释清楚vt. illuminate(学生)自我管理n. autonomy启迪n. edification具体一门课的内容n. syllabusTechnology非常先进的adj. state-of-the-art尖端的adj. cutting-edge彻底变革vt. revolutionize自动化的adj. automated机械化的adj. mechanized电脑生成的adj. computer-generated 组装线assembly line大规模生产mass-production省钱的adj. cost-effective/ economical 深刻改变vt. transform突破n. breakthrough打破(传统的)界限break boundaries无限的可能endless possibilities发展v.&n. advance信息过剩information overload信息爆炸information explosion自给自足n. self-sufficiency虚拟世界the virtual world脱离现实be detached from reality (电脑的)摄像头n. webcam不可想象的adj. inconceivable远程通讯n. telecommunications高生产率的adj. productive自动化n. automation可利用的adj. available新颖的adj. novel耐用的adj. durable对用户友好的，方便使用的adj. user-friendly常规的adj. conventional增进，提高vt. enhance = boost加速speed up/ accelerate生产，制造vt. manufacture标准化的adj. standardized印刷机printing press电报n. telegraph外科手术n. surgery采用vt. adopt在家远程上班n. telecommuting网络银行(业务) online banking提高效率augment/ enhance/ boost efficiency提高生产效率augment/ enhance/ boost productivity 减少人力的机器labor-saving machinery取代人力的机器labor-replacing machinery自动化n. automation生物技术n. biotechnology克隆v. clone远程通讯n. telecommunications太空探索space exploration/ space probe人的基因构成one’s genetic makeup/ one’s DNA programming 创新n. innovations有独创性的，精巧的adj. ingenious以惊人的速度at a staggering rate超轻的adj. ultra-lightweight超薄的adj. ultra-thin便携的adj. portable天线n. antenna器官移植organ transplant心脏起搏器n. pacemaker交易n. transactions载人登月manned landing on the Moon载人航天器manned spacecraft通讯卫星telecommunications satellite气象卫星weather satellite/ meteorological satellite发射台launch pad哈勃太空望远镜the Hubble Space Telescope防弹背心bulletproof vest尖端的技术cutting-edge technology信息爆炸information explosion ( or over-load)互联网的广泛应用the proliferation of the Internet/ the extensive use of the Internet/ the widespread use of the Internet科技创新及发展technological innovations/ inventions/ advances/ progressions Media好奇心n. curiosity可靠的adj. dependable/ trustworthy报道n. coverage成为头条新闻make headlines有新闻价值的adj. newsworthy信息量大的adj. informative娱乐性强的adj. entertaining商品n. commodity商业化的adj. commercialized隐私n. privacy收视率n. ratings指某种事物在互联网、媒体或者公众中快速传开go viral评价过高的adj. overrated记者n. journalists新闻界the press(多半指女孩子)追星族n. groupies追星族n. teenybopper某种文化的代表人物，如体育、音乐或电影等的最优秀人物n. icon 演员在影视作品或者广告中突然成功make a splash澄清vt. clarify审查n. censorship夸大事实blow things out of proportion完全与世隔绝entirely cut off from the outside world(媒体)影响(公众意见) vt. sway电视、收音机或者互联网上的广告n. commercial小传单广告n. flyer大幅广告牌n. billboard海报n. poster小报儿n. tabloid有奖竞猜节目quiz show真人秀reality show情景喜剧n. sitcom肥皂剧soap opera综艺节目variety show时事current affairs印刷媒体the print media电子媒体the electronic media报道新闻的机构news outlets充斥着…… be awash with/ be inundated with/ be saturated with审查v. censor删除v. delete/ eliminate/ excise过多的暴力与色情内容excessive (or gratuitous ) violent and pornographic contents有误导性的adj. misleading/ misrepresented/ distorted诈骗性的adj. fraudulent虚假的adj. false/ bogus报道非常详尽的细节report sth. in graphic detail夸大事件exaggerate things/ sensationalize things/ blow things out of all proportions公正客观的objective and balanced揭露v. expose/ reveal侵犯隐私violate (or intrude on/ infringe on ) someone’s privacy毁坏某人的名誉tarnish/ sully/ smear/ besmirch one’s reputation狗仔队n. ( pl.) paparazzi名人n. ( pl.) celebrities丑闻n. scandals掩盖v. cover up/ gloss over/ whitewash客观的adj. objective不客观的adj. biased/ skewed/ unobjective如实的描述factual accounts可信的adj. reliable/ trustworthy/ dependable及时的up-to-date/ up-to-minute道德准则code of ethics/ code of conduct监督vt. scrutinize无处不在的adj. ubiquitous/ prevalent荒唐的，可笑的adj. absurd/ ludicrous高调的/低调的adj. high-profile/ low-profile独家新闻exclusive news(明星的)光环the glitz and glamour魅力四射的adj. glamorous处在公众注意力的焦点in the spotlight/ in the limelight 媒体炒作media hype传闻n. gossip捏造的adj. fabricatedSuccess决心n. determination座右铭n. motto家喻户晓的名字 a household name有一定成就的(形容人) adj. established辉煌的adj. glorious绝望n.&vi. despair适应能力强的adj. adaptable名望n. fame(很高的)声望n. prestige名声n. reputation不幸n. misfortune概率n. probability残疾的adj. disabled在某方面成功succeed in sth.态度n. attitude毅力n. tenacity/ perseverance一种直接而且被证明有效的去除……的方法 a proven and straightforward way to do sth.努力去做的事情n. commitment/ undertaking/ endeavor很有本事极容易成功的人go-getter很多人都希望得到的adj. highly-sought-after逆境n. adversity/ hardship很渴望得到…… have a yearning/ longing/ craving for sth.个人通过自身努力获得更高社会地位的可能性upward mobility优秀的adj. remarkable→excellent→outstanding→distinguished 意志力n. willpower挫折n. setback坚忍不拔的adj. rugged顽固的adj. stubborn决定性的，有决断力的adj. decisive不可逾越的adj. insurmountable某方面技能很高be adept in不知名的，默默无闻的adj. obscure身份和地位的象征status symbol战略，行动安排n. strategy坚持adhere to对手n. rival不切实际的幻想n. illusion不可缺少的，绝对必要的adj. indispensable深思熟虑的adj. well-thought-out从贫穷到富有的成功故事 a rags-to-riches story昙花一现be a flash in the pan长处n. (pl.) strengths弱点n. (pl.) weaknesses重大的过错n. blunder可以原谅的错误n. peccadillo有魅力的adj. charismaticGovernment废除(法律、制度等) vt. abolish实施vt. implement使……合法化vt. legalize首要任务n. priority建立vt. establish减轻、缓解vt. alleviate =ease =relieve当局the authorities禁止vt. forbid/ prohibit立法n. legislation税收tax revenue民主的adj. democratic高效率的adj. efficient优化资源分配optimize the distribution of res-ources稳定n. stability解决vt. Combat = tackle = resolve = address = grapple with 严厉的，严格的adj. stringent短视的adj. short-sighted支出，花费n. expenditure社会保险social security老百姓n. citizens/ the citizenry规范，管理v. regulate/ monitor/ oversee严禁strictly prohibit/ ban altogether严格的法律stringent laws/ legislation强制性的，按照法律或者规定必须做的adj. mandatory/ compulsory监督n. scrutiny监督v. scrutinize/ monitor为……拨款allocate money to sth./ be a patron of/ invest in/ fund/ dedicate money to sth.预算n. budget政府开支the government spending/ expenditure on sth.削减v. curtail增加v. augment当务之急n. priority把……当作当务之急give priority to sth.责任n. duty/ responsibility/ obligation军备竞赛n. arms race自卫n. self-defense国土安全national security/ homeland security缺乏远见的政策short-sighted policy扩张n. expansion/ aggression谋求霸权seek/ pursue hegemony恶性循环 a vicious circle地区不稳定因素destabilizing factors规章制度rules and regulations太空竞赛space race武器n. arms/ weapons/ armaments下岗工人laid-off workers/ downsized workers失业n. unemployment/ joblessness基础设施n. infrastructure公共交通系统public transportation/ transit system电网power grid石油天然气管线pipelines给排水系统water supply and drainage system民主与开明的政府 a democratic and progressive government 临时的应急措施 a stopgap measureFriends察觉到vt. detect外貌n. appearance吸引，吸引力n. attraction喜欢社交的adj. sociable志向ambition陪伴n. company(人)动手能力强的，(物品)轻便的adj. handy乐于并善于合作的adj. cooperative有条理的adj. organized聪明的adj. intelligent有天赋的，有才华的adj. gifted/ talented体育好的adj. athletic无忧无虑的，乐天派的happy-go-lucky/ carefree 相互的adj. mutual有艺术气息的adj. artistic真诚的adj. sincere直率的adj. candid/ frank背叛vt. betray敌意n. animosity/ antagonism靠不住的朋友fair-weather friend好感，关爱n. affection拥抱n.&vt. hug安慰某人vt. reassure sb./ comfort sb.肤浅的，表面化的adj. superficial/ shallow表述清晰的，口才好的adj. eloquent活泼的，活跃的adj. lively谦虚的adj. modest尴尬的adj. awkward对自己所处状态感到紧张或缺乏自信的心态adj. self-conscious 两难的困境n. dilemma确定性n. certainty真实的，真正的adj. genuine低估v. underestimate美德n. virtue调解v. reconcile荒唐可笑的adj. absurd/ ridiculous很烦人的adj. irritating承受力或者恢复能力强的adj. resilient低调的adj. low-profile/ low-key很支持的adj. supportive有感染力的adj. contagious豁达的，接受能力强的adj. open-minded狭隘的生活态度 a parochial outlook toward life喜欢独处的solitary内向的adj. reserved富有同情心的adj. compassionate不爱多说话的adj. reticent让某人逐渐放得开bring a person out of his/ her shell本意虽好但把事情做砸了的adj. well-intentioned/ well-meaning 自我欺骗n. self-deception爱骗人的adj. deceitful自信的adj. assertive/ self-assured容忍的adj. tolerant机灵的adj. witty有智慧的adj. wise体贴人的adj. considerate/ thoughtful理解他人的，善解人意的adj. understanding口齿清楚的，表达能力强的adj. articulate很逗的adj. amusing极度搞笑的adj. hilarious过于自我的adj. egotistical漠然的adj. indifferent (to )孤立的adj. isolated喜欢虚荣的adj. vain懒散的adj. laid-back很友善的adj. congenial优雅的adj. elegant≈ graceful好朋友n. chum花束n. bouquet杰出的adj. prominent(人)老练的，(工具)复杂高端的adj. sophisticated顽强的adj. touch琐碎的adj. trivialEnvironment污染物n. pollutant尽可能减少，最小化vt. minimize倾倒vt. dump循环使用vt. recycle灌溉n. irrigation居住于…… vt. inhabit节约使用v. conserve保护v. preserve再利用v. reuse/ recycle短缺n. shortage/ scarcity/ dearth/ lack污染v. pollute生态系统the ecosystem有益于环保的adj. eco-friendly环境恶化environmental degradation/ environmental deterioration当地的居民local resident/ local inhabitants紫外线ultraviolet (UV) rays皮肤癌skin cancer防晒霜n. sunscreen有毒的adj. poisonous/ toxic无毒的adj. non-toxic免疫系统immune system一次性的adj. disposable(人)吸入vt. inhale负面影响adverse effects沙尘暴n. sandstorm砍伐森林n. deforestation可以被环境吸收的adj. biodegradable联合的joint effort/ concerted effort国际社会而不是国际社区the international community 臭氧层ozone layer对……形成压力put a strain on…有环保意识的adj. environmentally-conscious不可逆的adj. irreversible化学反应chemical reactions安静的，宁静的tranquil and serene有限的自然资源limited/ finite natural resources替代性能源alternative energy商品包装的总称n. packaging污染vt. contaminate二氧化碳排放carbon dioxide emission(s) 汽车尾气exhaust fumes酸雨acid rain冰川n. glacier排放(污染物) vt. discharge可持续发展sustainable development节约vt. conserve植被n. vegetation光合作用n. photosynthesis太阳能solar energy风能wind energy核能nuclear energy水电n. hydropower烟雾重的adj. smoggy呼吸系统疾病respiratory disease极大的痛苦n. agony人造的adj. artificial改变，变更vt. alter适当的adj. appropriate愤慨的adj. indignant鼓励环保go green开采自然资源exploit natural resources热带雨林n. rainforests侵蚀vt. erode连锁反应chain reaction水波效应，连锁反应ripple effect蝴蝶效应，连锁反应butterfly effect彻底改变我们的生活reshape our lives贫瘠的土地barren/ infertile land肥沃的土地fertile land警惕n.&vt. caution化肥chemical fertilizer杀虫剂n. pesticide丰富的，充裕的adj. abundant辐射n. radiation(多指对环境、建筑等)破坏wreak havoc on sth.恶化v. deteriorate/ aggravate生态平衡ecological balance ecological equilibrium 可持续发展sustainable development环保主义者n. environmentalists/ conservationists 对环境无害的adj. environmentally-friendly各国必须携手解决环境问题countries on this planet must join forces/ make a concerted effort unite/ combat environmental problems增强公众关于……的意识raise (or elevate) the public awareness of sth.让资源承受很大压力put a strain on the resources/ stretch resources to the limit 破坏自然环境wreak havoc on natural resources砍伐森林n. deforestation增加农产品产量boost crop yield可再生资源renewable resources消耗v. consume/ deplete用尽use up exhaust严厉的措施n. harsh actions/ measures某一地区所有生物总称the wildlife in a region生物的多样性n. biodiversity污水n. effluent/ sewage温室效应greenhouse effect严重的adj. severe白色污染产生的垃圾non-biodegradable garbage谴责而不是纵容condemn rather than condone sth.肥沃的土壤fertile soil贫瘠的土壤infertile soil耕地n. arable landFamily老年人elderly people/ senior citizens亲情family bonds/ family ties家庭观念family values增强，加固vt. strengthen/ reinforce配偶n. spouse家里的孩子n. offspring兄弟姐妹n. sibling(s)兄弟姐妹间的互相竞争n. sibling rivalry表兄弟/姐妹n. cousin家务事household chores相互的支持与谅解n. give-and-take性格冲突personality clash家庭用品，特别常指家电household appliances 被……所拖累be tied down by代沟generation gap家人one’s immediate family亲戚one’s relatives只有父母和孩子一起住的小家庭nuclear family 一大家子人extended family社区n. neighborhood依恋attachment to …/ affinity for…对……的依恋an attachment to sth./ an affinity for sth. 传家宝family heirloom家庭团聚family reunion血浓于水Blood is thicker than water.归属感 a sense of belonging单亲家庭single-parent households虐待v. mistreat violence家庭暴力domestic violence毒品上瘾addiction to drugs/ be addicted to drugs和谐n. harmonyIntro段介绍背景：在当代Currently,…At present,…In contemporary/modern society,…Nowadays,…In the present age,…Today,…表示重要的词：Key/ essential/ vital/ important/ significant/ critical/ indispensable… play a key role in…… is increasingly important in our daily life.表示问题严重：The problem o f … is becoming increasingly severe/worrying/disturbing.引起讨论Recently, the rise in problem of/phenomenon of…has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/worldwide concern.Recently, the rise in problem of/phenomenon of…has been brought into focus.…is yet anot her new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now.…are playing important roles in our lives.Whether … has been a topic of discussion.Whether … sparks much debate.…are playing important roles in our lives.Whether … has been a topic of discussion.W hether … sparks much debate.Heated controversies over…+Topic陈述观点：别人的观点：It is widely (generally/ commonly/ extensively/ universally) accepted that…Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledge that…Generally speaking,…It is unders tandable for some people to hold the opinion that…It is widely recognized/acknowledged that…Now people in growing/significant numbers begin/come to realize/accept that…Now there is a growing awareness of the necessity to…Now people become increasingly a ware of the importance of…Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitudes/idea that…It is a well-known fact that…用于表达个人观点：When asked about…, the vast majority of people say that…, but I think/view a bit differently.When it comes to…, some people believe that…, others argue/claim that the opposite is true. There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements, but I tend to the…/prefer that…/the latter.They claim/believe/argue that…But I wonder/doubt whether…I think that…Personally (sp eaking), I believe/ hold the view/perspective that…I am convinced that…As far as I am concerned,…I tend to believe that…I firmly believe that…I would concede/admit that…I would suggest that…My suggestion (concerning this matter) is that…My view/per spective is that…Body 段用于观点句：提出论点一：To start with,/ To begin with,/ Firstly,/ Initially,/First of all,…The primary factor we need to take into consideration is that…The first point regarding this is that…The primary reason for this is that…表示递进（提出论点二）：Moreover, …/ Furthermore,…/ Besides,…Secondly,…/ In the second place…In addition,…For another,…Another point is that…表示最后（提出论点三）：Lastly,…/ Finally,…/ Eventually,…/ Subsequently,…/ Consequently,…Last but not least,…More importantly…Above all,…The last point is that…用于解释：…, that is to say,… （也就是说）…, in other words,…Or to put it in this way,…Simply put,…In short,…It means…Specifically, （具体说来）To be more specific/exact/precise,…In fact,…As a matter of fact,…表示举例：For example,…For instance,…Taking … as an example,…… such as…One illustration/example of this is …A case in point is …… is a case in point.This point is best illustrated/demonstrated/explained with the example of…This point can be confirmed by the example of…e.g.: A case in point is the fact that the nature of European society was, at one stage, that of city-state. After that, it was a feudal society. Then later, it became an industrial society.表示原因：The reason for this is that…This is because …This is due to the fact that…Another significant factor that should be taken into account is that…This is reasonable to the extent that…This argument has considerable merit in that…As…Since…e.g.: As this policy would also affect the cost of public transport, it would be very unpopular with everyone who needs to travel on the roads.表示结果：Therefore,…/Thus,…/Hence,…Plenty of evidence has shown that…, which in turn proves that…As a result/ consequence,…e.g.: As a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities.表示对比：While/ Whilst/ Whereas…By contrast,…In contrast,…On the contrary, …Unlike/Different from…, …（不像……，）e.g.: Whereas some cities have spent huge sums of money on museums andstadiums, they have failed to look after their schools.e.g.: Some countries have single-sex education models, while in others both single sex and mixed schools co-exist.e.g.: Music does so only in high indirect ways. In contrast, language does so for reasons that are more obvious.表示转折：However,…Nevertheless/nonetheless,…(尽管如此，但是……)Still…Rather than/ Instead of…, … (不是……而是……)Instead…（相反，……）But…e.g.: Sports salaries are not determined by the level of responsibility that a person holds. Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in general.e.g.: Admittedly, as a source of entertainment, advertisements are very popular among children. Nevertheless, they may give viewers the impression that they can and should have everything they want.。
