that引导的定语从句的用法 2
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定语从句引导词that定语从句引导词that今天,店铺给大家介绍的是定语从句引导词that的用法,供大家阅读参考。
定语从句引导词that:1. think it + adj + that在讲今天的语法之前,我们回顾一下平时们在写作以及阅读中可能比较疑惑的例句:I think it important that you tell your mother the truth.疑惑之处在于,it后面为没有is?例句采用了这样的句型:“think it + adj”。
此处,it为形式宾语,that引导的宾语从句才是真实宾语,而important是宾语补足语。
所以,it是形式宾语而不是主语,不需要加be动词。
一般情况下,各位更熟悉的句型是:“I think (that)it is important that... ”;这两者都是正确的,注意区分和辨别。
感兴趣的同学还可以去这个网站看看:English Language & Usage。
它给出了以下几个类似的例句:e.g. We do not think it necessary to go.e.g. Some people do not think it important to be thrifty.2. 定语从句中的that定语从句中比较容易处理方面是,定语从句中“that”多可省略,表现为关系代词作宾语的情况:e.g. He must be the man (that) you have been looking for.此处,man作looking for的宾语。
至于不可省略的that,这里店铺只举两例,算是比较常用的规则哦:(1)紧接着上面阐述,除了关系代词作宾语的情况外,其余时候多不能省略that。
比如店铺给各位找来一个作主语的例子,各位可以举一反三:e.g. All that glitters is not gold.(发光的未必都是金子。
that在从句中的用法在英语中,"that"是一个常用的代词,可以在从句中作为主语、宾语、表语或同位语使用,表示特定的事物或概念。
以下是一些常见的"that"在从句中的用法:1. 主语从句:在主语从句中,"that"常被省略,但如果引导的主语太长或与主句的主语不同,通常会保留"that"。
例如:“That (that) he is a good teacher is clear.”2. 宾语从句:在宾语从句中,"that"可以省略,尤其是在某些动词(如"think","believe"等)后。
例如:“I believe (that) she will succeed.”3. 表语从句:在表语从句中,"that"通常不省略。
例如:“The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus.”4. 同位语从句:在同位语从句中,"that"不作任何成分,因此通常省略。
例如:“The news that he won the prize was exciting.”5. 关系代词:在定语从句中,"that"作为关系代词,可以指人或物,代替先行词在从句中充当成分。
例如:“The book that I read was very interesting.”6. 强调结构:在强调结构中,"that"用于强调某个特定的部分。
例如:“It was she that (that) found the lost child.”需要注意的是,"that"在从句中的用法可能会因为语境、习惯或避免重复而有所不同。
因此,在实际使用中,需要根据上下文和语法规则来判断是否省略"that"。
that引导两个定语从句that引导两个定语从句在日复一日的学习、工作或生活中,大家总少不了接触一些耳熟能详的句子吧,句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语六种。
那么你有真正了解过句子吗?下面是店铺精心整理的that 引导两个定语从句,欢迎阅读与收藏。
一.that 是修饰人和物的但是如果先行词前面有序数词修饰的时候,必须用that,不管是人还是物.除此之外,先行词前面有不定代词,最高级,先行词既有人又有物,都用that. 用that的情况太多,可以记住只能用which 的情况:1. 先行词是that /those或者先行词受that/those修饰时2. 先行词后有介词,也就是引导词前有介词的3. 引导词前有逗号的4. 先行词是整个句子的二.引导词有:that,which,who,whomWhose根据先行词不同,选用不同的引导词。
物/人+that物+which人+who/whom(一般两者同时出现,选择who,但是who一般不用于介词后)物/人+whose+名词三.省略引导词的情况引导词后直接是动词的,不管是什么动词,这时引导词不能省略。
四.定语从句的动词形式受先行词的控制。
用适当的关系词填空My mother knows the boy to we are talking.that引导,定语从句1)when, where, whythat关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地,英语语法《关系副词引导的定语从句》。
定语从句主要引导代词的用法一:that的用法,that是所有关系代词中最常用的,它既可指人也可指物,既可用作主语也可用作宾语。
如:1、This is the photo (that) I took. 这就是我拍的照片。
引导定语从句的关系代词that在此指事,且在定语从句中用作宾语,故可以省略。
2、They live in a house that was built 200 years ago. 他们住在一座两百年前盖的房子里。
引导定语从句的关系代词that在此指物,且在定语从句中用作主语,故不可以省略。
3、The man that I saw told me to come here. 我见到的人让我到这里来。
引导定语从句的关系代词that在此指人,且在定语从句中用作宾语,故可以省略。
二:who / whom的用法关系代词who和whom均只能指人,不能指物;从理论上说,who是主格,在定语从句中用作主语,whom是宾格,在定语从句中用作宾语。
但在实际运用中,除非是直接用作介词后作宾语,否则凡是用宾格whom的地方。
如:1、I met someone who said he knew you. 我碰到一个人,他说认识你。
引导定语从句的关系代词who在此指人,且在定语从句中用作主语,故不可以省略。
2、She is the girl (who, whom) you saw in school. 她就是你在学校见到的那个女孩。
虽然关系代词在定语从句中用作宾语,从理论上说应用whom,但由于在主句中用作主语,故也可以用who,所以也可以省略。
注意,如果关系代词直接在介词后作宾语,不能用who来代替whom如:The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 我和她谈话的那个姑娘是我表妹。
句中的whom直接用在介词to的后面作宾语,故不可省略。
三:whose的用法不要以为关系代词whose只用于指人,其实它也可以用于指事物;whose在定语从句中主要用作定语。
that引导的定语从句“That引导的定语从句”是由关系副词that来引导的定语从句,它起修饰语的作用,放在名词或代词之后,用来说明、限定或补充说明前面所提到的名词或代词。
一、that引导的定语从句的构成及功能1.that引导的定语从句的构成that引导的定语从句有如下构成:主语+谓语+其它成分。
它可以省略,但绝大多数情况下都不省略。
2.that引导的定语从句的功能that引导的定语从句主要用来修饰名词或代词,它可以指代前面出现的名词或代词,也可以指代句子中的某些成分,也可以引出一个主句,表示被修饰的名词或代词的内容。
二、that引导的定语从句的用法1.that引导的定语从句可以用来修饰定语从句所修饰的词,一般放在定语从句的后面,而且可以省略,例如:This is the book (that) I bought yesterday.这就是我昨天买的书。
2.that引导的定语从句可以用来指代句子中的某些成分,例如:He said he would come, which surprised me.他说他会来,这让我很惊讶。
3.that引导的定语从句也可以引出一个主句,表示被修饰的名词或代词的内容,例如:I have a dream that one day all people will be equal.我有一个梦想,有一天所有的人都会平等。
三、that引导的定语从句和which引导的定语从句的区别1.that引导的定语从句可以用来指代句子中的某些成分,而which引导的定语从句不能用来指代句子中的某些成分。
2.that引导的定语从句可以引出一个主句,表示被修饰的名词或代词的内容,而which引导的定语从句不能引出一个主句,仅仅可以表示被修饰的名词或代词的内容。
3.that引导的定语从句可以省略,而which引导的定语从句一般不能省略。
总之,that引导的定语从句主要用来修饰名词或代词,它可以指代前面出现的名词或代词,也可以指代句子中的某些成分,也可以引出一个主句,表示被修饰的名词或代词的内容。
定语从句that举例子定语从句是英语语法中常用的一种句子结构,它用来修饰、限定名词或代词,并且通常用关系代词或关系副词引导。
其中,关系代词“that”是最常用的引导词之一。
下面举几个例子说明定语从句中“that”的用法。
1. The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.这本书是我从图书馆借来的,非常有趣。
在这个例子中,定语从句“that I borrowed from the library”修饰名词“book”。
关系代词“that”引导定语从句,并且在从句中作为宾语。
2. The house that Jack built is now for sale.杰克建造的那座房子现在正在出售。
在这个例子中,定语从句“that Jack built”修饰名词“house”。
同样地,关系代词“that”引导定语从句,并在从句中作为宾语。
3. The car that broke down yesterday has been repaired.昨天抛锚的那辆车已经修好了。
在这个例子中,定语从句“that broke down yesterday”修饰名词“car”。
同样地,关系代词“that”引导定语从句,并在从句中作为主语。
需要注意的是,定语从句中的关系代词“that”通常用于修饰无生命的名词。
当名词是可数名词复数形式或不可数名词时,通常使用关系代词“which”来引导定语从句。
此外,在非正式口语中,人们也会使用关系代词“who”来引导修饰人的定语从句。
总之,定语从句是英语语法中一个重要的句子结构,而关系代词“that”在其中起到了至关重要的作用。
通过引导定语从句,我们可以更加准确地描述一个名词,并且丰富并充实我们的句子表达。
限定性定语从句that的用法限定性定语从句that的用法导语:定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。
限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。
下面是店铺给大家整理的限定性定语从句that的用法的相关内容,希望能给你带来帮助!(一)限定性定语从句that的用法that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略代词,which在从句中作宾语可以省略。
[eg:this is the book which you want。
]而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置。
(二)非限定性定语从句的用法⒈ which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分⒉ 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which,at which,for which或on whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislikes it.我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which) they left.刚好我们到的'那天他们走了。
⒊ 有时as也可用作关系代词⒋ 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who,whom代表人,用which代表事物.“限定和非限定”性定语从句的区别1 限定性定语从句:不能省略,如果省略整个句子意思不完整非限定性定语从句:可以省略,如果省略整个句子意思仍然完整2 限定性定语从句:可以用that 引导非限定性定语从句:不可以用that 引导3限定性定语从句:关联词有时可以省略非限定性定语从句:关联词不可以省略4限定性定语从句:不用逗号把它和句子的部分隔开非限定性定语从句:用逗号把它和句子的其他部分隔开5限定性定语从句:只能修饰先行词非限定性定语从句:可以修饰先行词,也可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部分这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别:限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏,对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。
that用于定语从句一、that在定语从句中的用法1. 先行词为物时- 在定语从句中,如果先行词是物,that可以充当关系代词引导定语从句,在从句中可作主语、宾语等成分。
- 例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(先行词the book是物,that在从句I bought yesterday中作宾语)- 当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词或者the only, the very, the same等修饰时,关系代词通常用that。
- 例如:This is the best movie that I have ever seen.(先行词movie被the best修饰,关系代词用that);He is the first person that I met here.(先行词person被the first修饰,关系代词用that);This is the very book that I want.(先行词book被the very修饰,关系代词用that)2. 先行词为人时- 先行词为人时,that也可以引导定语从句,在从句中作主语或宾语。
- 例如:The man that is standing there is my father.(先行词the man是人,that在从句is standing there中作主语);The girl that I like is very kind.(先行词the girl是人,that在从句I like中作宾语)- 当先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词只能用that。
- 例如:I can remember the persons and things that I saw in the village.(先行词persons and things既有“人”又有“物”,关系代词用that)3. that在从句中作宾语时的省略情况- 当that在定语从句中作宾语时,在口语和非正式文体中常常可以省略。
that引导定语从句的例句that引导定语从句的例句that引导的定语从句应该要怎么写呢?下面是店铺为大家带来的that引导定语从句的例句!欢迎阅读!that引导定语从句的例句篇11. A miracle is something that seems impossible but happens anyway.奇迹就是看似不可能,却发生了。
2. If you wait, all that happens is that you get older.如果你等待,发生的只有变老。
3. When life gets hard and you want to give up, remember that life is full of ups and downs, and without the downs, the ups would mean nothing.当生活很艰难,你想要放弃的时候,请记住,生活充满了起起落落,如果没有低谷,那站在高处也失去了意义。
4. Eventually, you'll learn to cry that on the inside.终有一天,你会学会让泪往心里流。
5. Success is not final, failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue thatcounts.--Winston Churchill成功不是终点,失败也并非末日,最重要的是继续前进的勇气。
6. It's not about making the amazing saves. It's the little things and small thingsthat made great gatekeepers great.伟大的门将不是靠神奇的扑救成就,而是靠注重小事和细节成功。
(Tim Howard美国国家队门将)7. The turning point in the process of growing up is when you discover the core of strength within you that survives all hurt.当你从内心深处找到一种可以忍受一切痛苦的坚强力量时,你的成长历程就会出现飞跃。
that引导定语从句,做主语that引导定语从句可以用来修饰主语,也可以修饰宾语或其他句子成分。
在这篇文章中,我们将重点讨论that引导的定语从句作为主语的情况。
定语从句是指用来修饰名词或代词的从句,用以对其进行进一步的描述或限定。
而在这其中,that引导的定语从句常常被用来修饰主语,这种用法可以使句子更加丰富和准确。
下面我们将从that引导定语从句作为主语的语法结构、用法和注意事项等方面进行分析。
一、语法结构:that引导的定语从句作主语时,常常放在句首,后面跟一个完整的句子。
例如:1. That he couldn't solve the math problem was a great disappointment to him.他无法解决这个数学问题让他非常失望。
2. That she won the competition came as no surprise to us.她赢得比赛对我们来说并不意外。
二、用法:1.强调信息:that引导的定语从句作为主语可以用来强调句子中的某一信息。
通过将定语从句放在句首,将注意力放在被强调的信息上。
例如:That he is a doctor is well known to everyone.他是一名医生这一点众所周知。
在这个句子中,that引导的定语从句强调了他是一名医生这一信息。
2.陈述事实:that引导的定语从句作为主语可以用来陈述一个普遍接受的事实。
例如:That the Earth is round is a well-known fact.地球是圆的这是一个众所周知的事实。
在这个句子中,that引导的定语从句陈述了地球是圆的这一普遍接受的事实。
三、注意事项:1.从句的谓语动词要根据主语保持一致。
例如:That he is a doctor is well known to everyone.(that引导的从句的谓语动词是is,与主语That保持一致)2. that引导的定语从句不能省略。
that和as在定语从句中的用法(二)that和as在定语从句中的用法1. 介绍在英语中,定语从句用来修饰一个名词,并且常常由关系词引导。
其中,that和as是两个常用的关系词,用来引导定语从句。
本文将详细讲解that和as在定语从句中的用法。
2. that的用法引导限制性定语从句•例句:The book that is on the table is mine.•解释:that在这个例句中引导了一个限制性定语从句,修饰名词book,表达出指定特定的书是我的意思。
引导非限制性定语从句•例句:I read the book, that was recommended by my friend. •解释:that在这个例句中引导了一个非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句I read the book,类似于插入语的作用,强调推荐这本书的是我的朋友。
引导特殊疑问词:which、who、whom、whose、when或where•例句:Do you know the person that helped me yesterday?•解释:that在这个例句中引导了一个特殊疑问词的定语从句,修饰person,询问的是那个帮助我昨天的人。
3. as的用法引导限制性定语从句•例句:He works as a teacher, as I mentioned before.•解释:as在这个例句中引导了一个限制性定语从句,修饰主句He works as a teacher,表示我之前提到过的。
引导非限制性定语从句•例句:She didn’t go to the party, as she was feeling sick.•解释:as在这个例句中引导了一个非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句She didn’t go to the party,表达原因是她感到不舒服。
引导表示原因的从句•例句:He couldn’t attend the meeting, as he had a prior commitment.•解释:as在这个例句中引导了一个表示原因的从句,表达因为他有其他的约定,所以没能参加会议。
that 引导的定语从句主语
在英语中,"that" 可以作为关系代词引导定语从句。
在这种情况下,定语从句的主语通常是指代先行词(被修饰的名词或代词)的内容。
以下是一些例子:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书很有趣。
)
在这个句子中,"that" 引导的定语从句 "that I bought yesterday" 修饰先行词 "book"。
定语从句的主语是 "I",它指代了先行词 "book" 的购买者。
This is the house that we visited last summer.(这是我们去年夏天参观过的房子。
)
在这个句子中,"that" 引导的定语从句 "that we visited last summer" 修饰先行词 "house"。
定语从句的主语是 "we",它指代了先行词 "house" 的参观者。
需要注意的是,当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,常常可以省略。
例如:The woman (that) you met at the party is my sister.(你在派对上遇到的那个女人是我妹妹。
)
在这个句子中,"that" 可以被省略,变为 "The woman you met at the party is my sister."。
一、 that和who的用法1.1 that和who都是用来引导定语从句的关系代词,但它们在使用上有一些区别。
1.2 that一般用来引导非限定性定语从句,修饰无生命的事物或抽象概念。
1.3 who一般用来引导限定性定语从句,修饰人或者有生命的事物。
二、 that的使用情况2.1 that可以用来引导修饰无生命的事物的定语从句,如"I like the book that you rmended."2.2 that还可以用来引导非限定性定语从句,如"He has a car that is very expensive."三、 who的使用情况3.1 who通常用来引导修饰人或有生命的事物的限定性定语从句,如"The man who is standing over there is my brother."3.2 who也可以用来引导非限定性定语从句,如"Those who work hard will succeed."四、 that和who的区别4.1 that和who都可以用来引导定语从句,但在修饰人或有生命的事物时,一般使用who,修饰无生命的事物时一般使用that。
4.2 that引导的从句通常是限定性定语从句,而who引导的从句通常是非限定性定语从句。
五、例句5.1 "The students who study hard will pass the exam."(修饰人的定语从句)5.2 "I have a cat that likes to sleep all day."(修饰事物的定语从句)六、结论6.1 虽然that和who都可以用来引导定语从句,但在具体使用时需要根据修饰的对象来决定使用哪一个。
需要注意区分限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的使用情况。
七、引导非限定性定语从句的情况7.1 除了上文提到的,that还可以用来引导非限定性定语从句,修饰无生命的事物或抽象概念。
that引导的定语从句的用法关系代词that可以引导限定性定语从句,修饰代表人或事物的先行词,但不能用于引导非限定性定语从句。
that可以充当从句的主语、宾语、表语。
例如:The bag that lies on the ground is hers. 地上的那个包是她的。
(关系代词that修饰bag的定语从句中充当主语)The old man that I visited yesterday is my teacher. 我昨天拜访的那个老人是我的老师。
(关系代词that在修饰man的定语从句中充当宾语)在先行词是事物的限定性定语从句中, that和which一般可互换,但在下列情况下不可以互换:1. 只能用that,不能用which作先行词的情况(1)先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时,关系代词通常只用that,不用which。
例如:① That’s all that I know. 我知道的就这些。
② Is there anything that you want to buy in town? 你有什么东西要在城里买吗?③ Nothing that the teacher does doesn’t influence his students. 老师所做的事情没有不影响到学生的。
(2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、 the only, the very, the last等修饰时,关系代词通常只用that,不用which。
例如:① The first English novel that I read was Cities. 我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。
② This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
③ This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。
定语从句:只能用that引导得十三种情况1、在there + be 得句型中,句子得主语就是先行词,而且又就是物。
例如:There are two novels that I want to read、我要读得有两本小说。
There is no work that can be done now、没有什么工作现在能做得了。
2、当先行词为主句得表语或者关系代词为从句得表语时。
例如:This is the book that was bought yesterday、这就就是昨天买得书。
Our school is no longer the school that it used to be、我们得学校不再就是以前得学校了。
3、以Here is (are)开头得句子时。
例如:Here is a film that will move anyone、这就是一部将使任何人受感动得电影。
Here are two books that I will buy、这就是我要买得两本书。
4、It is (high)time +定语从句中。
例如:It is time that we should have a rest、我们应该休息了。
It is high time that they started out、她们该动身了。
5、当先行词就是way等词时,关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时,在口语中,常可省略。
例如:This is the way that my father did this work、这就就是我父亲做此工作得方式。
She admired the way in which I answered the questions、她羡慕我回答问题得方式。
6、在双重限定性定语从句中,如果一个从句用who或者which引导时,那么另一个从句用that 引导。
例如:He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest、她就是我曾经瞧到过跳得最高得学生。
定语从句有介词用that定语从句中,介词后面能不能加that,定语从句that的用法是如何的呢?定语从句的关系代词that的用法:若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语The animal that which is lost is a panda.先行词指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语She is the person that who we are worried about.先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语注意1 that which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用which ,不用that(1) 关系代词前有介词时.This is the hotel in which you will stay.(2) 如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the liberary which was newly open (新开放) to us.注意2that which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that ,不用which.(1) 先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时This is the best that has been used against air pollution(反对空气污染) in cities.English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.(2) 先行词是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时He is the last person that I want to see.(3) 主句中已有疑问词时Which is the bike that you lost?(4) 先行词既有人又有物时The bike and its rider that had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station.(5) 先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等代词时You should hand in all that you have.We haven’t got much that we can offer you.I mean the one that you talked about just now.(6) 先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very等词修饰时The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.Li Ming is the only one that got full marks (满分)in our class.Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.(7) 有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用thatEdison built up a factory(办了一个工厂) which produced things that had never been seen before.定语从句的关系副词 Where的用法:若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语.This is the house+I was born in the house.(=I was born there) 介词短语副词=This is the house where I was born.这就是我在那儿出生的'房子.先行词关系副词in which I was born.介词+关系代词which I was born in.关系代词这里作介宾的which和that可以省略that I was born in关系代词.that用作先行词时后接定语从句的用法(that which型)当代词that用作先行词后接定语从句时,定语从句通常用关系代词which来引导。
that引导的定语从句的用法关系代词that可以引导限定性定语从句,修饰代表人或事物的先行词,但不能用于引导非限定性定语从句。
that可以充当从句的主语、宾语、表语。
例如:The bag that lies on the ground is hers. 地上的那个包是她的。
(关系代词that 修饰bag的定语从句中充当主语)The old man that I visited yesterday is my teacher. 我昨天拜访的那个老人是我的老师。
(关系代词that在修饰man的定语从句中充当宾语)在先行词是事物的限定性定语从句中, that和which一般可互换,但在下列情况下不可以互换:1. 只能用that,不能用which作先行词的情况(1)先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时,关系代词通常只用that,不用which。
例如:① That’s all that I know. 我知道的就这些。
② Is there anything that you want to buy in town? 你有什么东西要在城里买吗?③ Nothing that the teacher does doesn’t influence his students. 老师所做的事情没有不影响到学生的。
(2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、 the only, the very, the last等修饰时,关系代词通常只用that,不用which。
例如:① The first English novel that I read was Cities. 我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。
② This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
③ This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。
(3)先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词只用that,不用which。
例如:① The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。
② The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace. 外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。
(4)关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时,通常只用that,不用which。
例如:① He is no longer the star that he was. 他不再是过去的那位明星了。
② Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。
(5)句中其他位置已出现which,为避免重复,不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。
例如: Which is the car that has overtaken us? 超过我们的是哪辆车?2. 只用which,不能用that作先行词的情况(1)在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词+关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时,关系代词必须用which。
例如:① The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。
② This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
注意:如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首, which就可换为that,例如: This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
(2)先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时,关系代词通常只用which而不用that。
例如:①Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior. 学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。
②A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published. 书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。
[考题1] All ____ is needed is a supply of oil. (1989)A. the thingB. thatC. whatD. which[答案] B[解析]先行词是不定代词all,其限定性定语从句应由关系代词that引导,在该定语从句中充当主语。
考点72: who/whom引导的定语从句的用法who、 whom可以引导定语从句,修饰表示人的先行词,在从句中分别充当主语和宾语(在非正式场合下,除非紧跟于介词之后, who经常可以代替在定语从句中作宾语的whom)。
例如:1. The visitor who came yesterday is Tom. 昨天来访的那个人是汤姆。
(who引导修饰visitor的限定性定语从句,并且在该从句中充当主语)2. His friends, who had tried to dissuade him from smoking, did not succeed. 他的那些已经尽力劝阻他抽烟的朋友们并没有成功。
(who引导修饰friends的非限定性定语从句并且在该从句中充当主语)3. First came Mary, whom few of us had expected. 首先来的是我们当中几乎没有人料到的玛丽。
(whom引导修饰Mary的非限定性定语从句并且在该从句中充当宾语,这里的whom可以被who所代替)4. He is John to whom you ought to address the request. 他是约翰,你应该向他提出此项请求。
(whom引导修饰John的非限定性定语从句并且在该从句中充当介词to的宾语,这里紧跟于介词to之后的whom不可以被who代替)注意: that引导限定性定语从句修饰表示人的先行词时,通常可以与who换用。
不紧跟在介词后的whom和that通常可以换用(紧跟在介词后的whom不可以被that代替)。
例如: The scientist who/that discovers a cure for cancer will be great. 发现治愈癌症的方法的科学家将会因此而伟大。
// Jim is the man with whom she talked. 跟她说过话的那个人是吉姆。
[考题1] Women ____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ____ don’t. (2006北京)A. who; 不填B. 不填; whoC. who; whoD. 不填; 不填[答案] C[解析]两个下划线处分别引导定语从句修饰表示人的women、 those,并且在定语从句内部充当主语,均应采用who的形式。
[考题2] The famous basketball star, ____ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (2002北京春)A. whereB. whenC. whichD. who[答案] D[解析] Who引导非限定性定语从句,修饰先行词star。
[考题3] He is the only one of the students who ____ a winner of scholarship for three years. (2002上海春)A. isB. areC. have beenD. has been[答案] D[解析]被who所引导的限定性定语从句所修饰的先行词是表达单数含义的“the only one”(of the students是the only one的后置定语),题干中的“for three years”意味着应采用现在完成时表示已经赢得奖学金的情况,因此本题只能选D。
[考题4] In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help. (1992)A. thatB. whoC. from whomD. to whom[答案] D[解析]“turn to sb. (for sth.)”是表示“(就某事或某物)求助于某人”的固定搭配。
介词to必不可少,可以紧跟介词to后引导定语从句,修饰表示人的先行词person的关系代词只能是whom,所以下划线处应是“to whom”的形式。
[考题5] I have many friends, ____ some are businessmen. (2005)A. of themB. from whichC. who ofD. of whom[答案] D[解析]表示“在其中,……之中的一部分”的含义,应用介词of (from没有类似用法),例如: several of my friends (我的几个朋友)、 one of them(他们中间的一个)。
修饰先行词friends、能够紧跟介词of表示“朋友中的一些(是生意人)”的关系代词只有whom,所以本题只能选D。
注意:本题不选A是因为该形式不能引导定语从句,填入下划线处会导致整个句子包含两个单独的、缺乏连词连接的简单句(通常情况下这属于病句);不选B是因为which通常不能引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词;不选C是因为of放于who之后与some 连用导致整个句子的意思难以理解。
[考题6] I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in the school, most ____ were from Germany. (2006辽宁)A. study; of whomB. study; of themC. studying; of themD. studying; of whom[答案] D[解析]第一个下划线处引导修饰students的定语,不能采用动词原形而应用现在分词的形式,据此直接排除选项A、 B;第二个下划线处引导修饰students的定语从句,用来补充说明students的情况,由于them不能引导定语从句,应直接排除C而选出D。