名词性从句语法

名词性从句Noun Clauses在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。

名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

例：主语His job is important.What he does is important.表语This is his job.This is what he does every day.宾语I don’t like his job.I don’t like what he does every day.同位语I don’t know about the man, Mr. WhiteI don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher.主语从句“It” is used as empty subject.为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。

1. It is certain that he will succeed.2. It is not known whether he will go there.3. It has not been decided yet when they’ll start the project.在下列句型中通常用引导主语从句1. It’s likely / possible / important / necessary / clear that… 很可能/重要的是……/必要的是……/很清楚……2. It’s said / reported that… 据说/据报道……3. It seems / appears / happens that… 似乎/好像/碰巧......4. It’s been announced / declared that…已经通知/宣布……5. It’s no wonder that… 并不奇怪/无疑……6. It’s a pity / a fact / common knowledge (众所周知)/ a common saying (俗话说) that…宾语从句宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语)连接词有连词that, whether, if (that常可省略)连接代词who, what, which, whoever, whatever,连接副词when where why how注意：1. whether和if都可以引导宾语从句✧当whether后紧跟or/or not时,不用if.I don’t know whether I will stay or not.✧介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.2. that在宾语从句中的省略与保留✧在主+谓+it (形式宾语) +宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略We must make it clear that we mean what we say.✧由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略。

He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.表语从句表语从句: 在句中充当表语成分，一般放在系动词之后。

作用: 对主语进行解释说明。

连接词：连词that / whether / as if / as though (if不引导表语从句)连接代词who / whom / whose / which / what连接副词when / where / why / how / because同位语从句同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea; belief; fact; truth; problem; news等)后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。

同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when / where / why / how / whetherTwo thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot. The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.REFERENCE✧名词性从句考点归纳一、名词性从句的语序(1) 名词性从句构成有两种a. that + 陈述句That light travels in straight lines is known to all.b. 疑问词+句子的剩余成分This is what we are looking for.(2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。

T or F1. 他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。

How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )2. 你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he live? ( )二、名词性从句连接词的选用(1) that 和what 的选用that 和what 都可引导所有的名词性从句。

但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从句的主语、宾语、或表语。

而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。

that ? what1. ______ he wants is a book.2. ______ he wants to go there is obvious.3. The result is ______ we won the game.4. This is _____ we want to know.5. Is _____ he told us true?6. We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _____ he will come.8. I have no idea ____ he did(2) if和whether 的选用不能使用if 的情况:a. 主语从句b. 表语从句c. 同位语从句d. 介词后的宾语从句e. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do.f. 与or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.whether ? if1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.2. ________ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.4. I d on’t know ___________ he is well or not.5. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.6. The question is ________ he should do it.7. The doctor can hardly answer the question________ the old man will recover soon.8. I haven’t decided _______ to go there.(3)其它连接代词和副词的使用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义，正确的选择who, which, when, where, why, how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。

1.我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。

______ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.2.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。

I don’t know ________ broke the glass yesterday.3.我不知道他长的什么样子。

I have no idea _________ he looks like.4.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。

This is _________ I left my glasses.(4) that可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的that可省略that不可省略的情况：主语从句表语从句同位语从句用it做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that不能省略that ? (that)1. I don’t think _______ she is coming.2. It is a pity _______ he has made such a mistake.3. The reason is _______ he is careless.4. The news _______ our team won the match inspired us.5. I don’t think it necessary _____ you should read English aloud.6. He told me ______ his father had died and _____ he had to make a living alone.三．同位语从句的引导和辨别1.同位语从句的格式：n. + 连接词+ 从句2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact, idea, news, order, belief, suggestion, advice, information 等3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用whether, what, when, where等来引导同位语从句。

that/whether/where/how1. I have no idea _______ he comes from.2. He can’t answ er the question _____ he got the money.3. He gave us many suggestions _______ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4. I have no doubt ______ he will win.5. I have some doubt ________ he will win.同位语从句和定语从句的区别1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语, 它不涉及先行词的具体内容。