Step_by_step_3000_第二册-_Unit12-答案

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Step_by_step_3000_第二册-_Unit3-答案

Unit 3 All can succeedPart I-A1. in your imaginationthink into the future, possibilities, a positive way, the starting point2. expect to winfulfill the vision3. opportunityrecognize, grab, a risk takerPart I - B1. organizational skills2. results oriented3. open-minded4. in the decision process5. parental and citizen6. innovation and excellence7. the develpment8. Cooperation9. students needs10. ideas and plans11. high quality performance12. directly and clearly13. continuous professional development14. their background or position15. a consensus builder16. leardship skills17. your bond, trustworthy18. the position19. personal integrity20. work well with othersPart I- CEscaped poverty, master's degree, worst slums, overwhelming odds, English universityProspectus leaflet, discarded, set his heart, violent, crime-ridden, 13, principal breadwinner, drugs, beaten, attacked, came close, overdose, gaining a place, a visa, had doubts, genuine student, be rewardedPart II - AA1mum, bringing up 3 childrenphysical disabilities, physical difficulty of arthritis, hold her backa headmistressan actor energy, self-publicistA2F T F FTape script:Speaker 1I think my mum's very successful because she's managed to bring up three children - excellently - in such a horrible society that we live in today. She's taught us to be kind and loving, she taught us to share, she taught us to love our family - be very family-oriented- and I think that's really important.Speaker 2The person that I can think of within my life, well, I probably can think of several but the one that instantly came to mind when you popped this question to me was somebody who lives in Harpenden and who has overcome physical difficulty of arthritis remarkably well, and not allowed it to hold her back any more than is obviously necessary because of her physical disabilities. So I think she's made a very good - a great success of overcoming a difficulty.Speaker 3I think, Mable Davies, here who's very successful. She's a deaf lady who's now the headmistress and I think that must have been hard, so I've got a lot of respect for her, because my parents are also deaf so I know how difficult it is to work your way up having a handicap, so I've got quite a lot admiration to her.Speaker 4I think in professional terms Kenneth Branagh, the actor, has been very successful and I think the reason for this more than anything else is that he's a very good self-publicist. He is undoubtedly a very good actor. I've not seen him on stage, I've seen him on film and he's got an enormous amount of energy and as I say, he's a very good self-publicist.A2Statements:1.According to the first speaker, the most important thing that mum taught her children is to love the family.2.When the second speaker was interviewed, the successful person that immediately came to her mind was the one with arthritis.3.The third speaker has a lot of respect for Mable Davies because she herself is a deaf.4.The fourth speaker thinks that the actor has got an enormous amount of energy as he saw him on stage and on film.Part II- B1subordinate positions, serious responsibility, threshold, broom, sweeping out, salutary branch, future partner, try his hand, sweepersobtain employment, aim high, rest content, thoughts, concerns, at the topprime condition, energy, thought, captital, on that line, the mostscattered their captial, brains, all wrong, watch that basket, take notice, fail, breaks, on his head, apt to tumble, lack of concentrationPart II- B2Part III - B1Joyous, warm, lovingManifest anger vent anger on somebodyDump angerTape scriptSpeaker 1I actually very rarely get anger. I've quite a long tether when it comes to anger, which doesn't mean, I really don't believe I'm suppressing any anger at all, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if I'm buying a railway ticket or something and the guy behind the counter is very surly and you now refuses to treat me like a human being, I won't get angry with him but I'll get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. And that for me severs its purpose. I do feel cleansed after a situation like that. Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I'm taken that far. But I certainly don't suppress any anger.Speaker 2Well, my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody. If I sleep well, then everything is fine. I'm a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, I'm full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that's how I work. And it's terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If I'm looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying. I believe in dumping it. Part III - B1Punch bags with pictures of their bossLaughing at it.Tape script:A: Apparently, I don't know if this is true, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punch bags with pictures of their boss. And they can go and they can spend twenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag. And they go back to work and they feel great.B: Oh,God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That made me laugh.C:Well that's one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it. I think laughter is one of the most wonderful releases, and I think that it's actually been proved that you know that chemical that is released when you laugh is life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being.Part IVClassifying and organizing ideasAbility, the facts or ideas, are related to one anotherRoman, Arabic, letters, standard form, decreasing importance, capital letters, small letters,To the left, to the right, equal, the same distance, easy to see, the ideas before and after it.No punctuationOutlining, practice.。

Step-by-Step-3000-第二册Unit6答案(全)

Unit 6 It’s Great to Be a Champion

Part I Warming up A. Preparatory Movements straight/ apart/ by your sides/ Relax

Exercise Steps breath/ your arms to shoulder height/ them out sideways/ your right arm down to touch your left toes/ your left arm stretched out/ your knees/ Your left arm down to touch your right toes/ Up again B. Nationality Record Date Jamaica 9.69s. Aug. 16, 2008 USA 10.49s. July 16, 1988 Morocco 3min. 26s. July 14, 1998 China 3min. 50.46s. Sep. 11, 1993 Cuba 12.87s. Jun. 13, 2008 Bulgaria 12.21s. Aug. 20, 1988 Russia 1h. 17min. 16s. Sep. 29, 2007 Russia 1h. 25min. 41s. Aug. 7, 2005 Ethiopia 2h. 4min. 26s. Sept. 30, 2007 Great Britain 2h. 15min. 25s. April 13, 2003 Cuba 2.45m. July 27, 1993 Bulgaria 2.09m. Aug. 30, 1987 USA 8.95m. Aug. 30, 1991 the former Soviet Union 7.52m. Jun. 11, 1988 Czech Republic 98.48m. May 25, 1996 Cuba 71.70m. Aug. 14, 2005 C. China/ 110-meter hurdles/ Switzerland/ finish line/ 12.88 seconds/ shared with/ three one hundredth/ old record/ 12.90 seconds/ 13.02 seconds/ in 1993/ 22-year-old/ gold medalist/ 2004

Step-By-Step-3000-第二册--Unit5-标准答案

Unit 5 Creative MindsPart I-AGasoline automobile, German, engineer, 1885Barometer, Italian, physicist & mathematician, 1643Polaroid camera, America, inventor & industrialist, 1947Pendulum clock, Dutch, mathematician & physicistDiesel engine, German, engineer, 1892Dynamite, Swedish, chemist, 1866Kaleidoscope, British, physicist & natural philosopher, 1817Piano, Italian, harpsichord maker, 1709Sewing machine, American, inventor, 1846Typewriter, American, inventor, 1867Tapescript:1.The gasoline automobile was invented by Gottlieb Daimler, the German engineer, in 1885 His construction of the first high-speed internal-combustion engine led to the development of the automobile industry.2.The barometer, the instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure, was invented by Evangelista Torricelli, the Italian physicist and mathematician, in 1643.3.The polarod camera, which takes and prints photos in one step, was invented in 1947 by the American inventor and industrialist Edwin Herbert Land.4.The pendulum clock was invented by the Dutch mathematician and physicist Christiaan Huygens in 1657.5.The diesel engine, which is heavier and more powerful than the gasoline engine and which burns fuel of oil instead of gasoline, was named after its inventor Rudolph Diesel, the German engineer in 1892.6.Dynamite, the improved explosives with great safety, was invented in 1866 by the Swedish chemist Alfred Bernhard Nobel. He established a fund to provide annual awards called Nobel Prizes, in the sciences, literature, and the promotion of international peace.7.He kaleidoscope was invented in 1817 by Sir David Brewster, the Scottish physicist and natural philosoper.8.The piano, a key-board musical instrument, was invented in 1709 by the Italian harpsichord maker, Bartolomeo Cristofori.9.The sewing machine, which greatly revolutionized clothes-making, was invented by Elias Howe, an American inventor in 1846.10.The typewriter, its first practical commercial model, was invented in 1867 by the American inventor Christopher Sholes and was manufactured by the American gunsmith Philo Reminton 1874.Part I – B1- a 2- d 3- e 4- i 5- f6-j 7-g 8-bTape script1.People in England made the first computer. It was built in 1943. It was made to help England understand secret messages during World War II.2.Someone in Australia invented the fax machine. After the fax machine was invented, it first became popular in East Asia.3.Folding fans came from Japan. They were invented in Japan almost 800 years ago.4.The first car came from Germany. It was invented by Karl Benz in 1885. Benz is still famous. His name is on the Mercedes-Benz car.5.A man in Canada invented the chocolate bar. He lived in Nova Scotia- in the eastern part of Canada. He invented the chocolate bar in 1800s.6.The first really accurate calendar was invented in Mexico. This calendar was made about 1,500 years ago. That's when people learned that the year was 365 days long.7.The first mechanical clock was invented in China. It was invented in the year 725-over1,250 years ago.8.People think Africans created the first puppets. Actually, no one is sure, but puppets were probably created to help tell stories.Part I – Cpaper clips -1901post-its -1980celluar phone -1973automatic washing machines -1930sdisposable diapers -1961zippers -1913Band-Aids -1921soft contact lenses -1961Tape script1.The design of paper clips is perfect. There's been little improvement since Norwegian Johan Vaaler got his American patent in 1901. Only about 20% are actually used to clip papers.2.Post-it is one of the top five best-selling office suppliers. To make Post-its, introduced in 1980, 3M had to develop the adhesive, primer, back-side coating and new manufacturing equipment.3.The first cellular phone was developed in 1973 by Martin Cooper at Motorola, anda test of 1,000 such phones followed in Chicago. The Federal Communication Commission authorized cellular service in 1982, and we haven't shut up since. More than a third of all households in the U.S subscribe.4.Among those credited with making electric washing machines was Alva J. Fisher. The machines used wringers to remove water from clothes. Truly automatic machines appeared in the 1930s. An early ad for a GE washer read, "If every father did the family washing next Monday, there would be an electric washing machine in every home by Saturday night. "5.Oh, baby, what a convenience1 Procter & Bamble's Pampers, born in 1961, werefirst used only for special occasions. Now the 95% of American parents who buy disposable diapers will spend up to $2,100 a child to avoid washing diapers.6.Zippers were invented in 1913 by Swedish immigrant Gideon Sundback at Universal Fastener Co. in Pennsylvania. B.F. Goodrich first used the word to refer to a fastener on a pair of its galoshes; it as not used in clothes until 1930s. By 1941 zippers beat the pants off buttons in the Battle of the Fly.7.Johnson&Johnson sold $3,000 worth of handmade Band-Aids in 1921, the year it introduced them. A company cotton buyer, Earle Dickson, had created them at home for his accident-prone wife. He then convinced his boss that the strips had merit.8.Otto Wichterle, a Czech scientist, created the first soft contact lens in 1961. Bausch & Lomb bought the right s to his process for a reported $3 million in 1966. Part II - A1395, type, movable typePoland, astronomy, the sun, its center once1564, telescope, circlingEngland, moves1642, calculus, light and color, gravitation.Part II- B1.Printing / faster / easier2.Earth / center of universe/ no move3.Cut open dead animals and humans4.Blood to body/ arteries; blood to heart / veins5.The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy / in 1687Tape ScriptToday, we tell about the discoveries of ten important scientists of the past 1,000 years.The earliest of these important scientists was Johannes Gutenberg. He lived in Germany from about 1395 until about 1468. Johannes Gutenberg invented the type mould and the first successful system of movable type used in Europe. This made printing books faster and easier. Johannes and others used his invention to produce books in the City of Mainz during the 1400s. The system he invented remained unchanged for 350 years.Nicolaus Copernicus was another important scientist. He is considered the founder of the modern science of astronomy, the study of the planets and stars in the universe. Nicoluas Copernicus was born in Poland in 1473. At that time, most scientists accepted the idea that the earth was at the center of the universe and did not move. The Greek astronomer Ptolemy had developed this idea more than 1,000 years earlier. Ptolemy also said that all the other objects in space moved around the earth. Copernicus believed that every planet, including the earth, moved around the sun. Healso believed these theories in 1543. These theories were not accepted in his lifetime. But by the early 1600s, other scientists began to develop the method that would prove Copernicus correct.One of these scientists was Galileo Galilei. He was born in Italy in 1564. Galileo was the first to use the telescope to discover new information about the planet and stars. He decided that the theory hat all planets circled the sun was correct. The Roman Catholic Church condemned Galileo for saying Copernicus was right. For centuries, the Church had taught that the sun, the planets and the stars moved around the earth. Three hundred and fifty passed before the Roman Catholic Church admitted officially that it was wrong and withdrew its condemnation of Galileo.Our fourth scientist of the millennium is William Harvey. He was born in England in 1578. He discovered how blood moves in animals and people. Dr Harvey described this in 1628 in the book An Anatomical Study of the Motion of the Heart and of the Blood in Animals, This work was the start of all modern research on the hart and blood vessels. Dr Harvey based his discoveries on observations and by cutting open dead animals and humans. Dr Harvey's experiments showed that the heart forces blood through the arteries to the body. He showed that the blood returns to the heart through the veins. His idea conflicted with the widely accepted ideas of the time. It has been called one of the most important medical discoveries of the millennium. Isaac Newton was another influential scientists of the past 1,000 year. Many experts say he was the most important scientist of them all. He was born in England in 1642. Isaas Newton invented a new kind of mathematics called calculus. He discovered the secrets of light and color and his theory of gravitation showed how the universe is held together. Isaac Newton published his discoveries on the laws of motion and the theory of gravitation in 1687 in his book The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. It was the first book to describe a unified system of scientific rules explaining what happens on earth and in the universe. It is considered one of the greatest works in the history of science.Part III - A1809, evolutionFrance, a. Pasteurization, b. Germ, c.vaccination, disease1847, a.motion, b. recording, c. electric light, d. Telephone, e. Machine, electricity, f.motorsAustria, a. Dreams, unconscious self, b. Modern psychiatry. C.sexual development 1879, relativity, E=mc2Part III - BT. 1. Charles Darwin thought that all living things developed from simple organisms.F. 2. Darwins's ideas were strongly opposed by many religious people in the past. Butnow people are all in favor of them.T. 3. Louis Pasteur believed that it is tiny organisms that spread more diseasesT. 4. Thomas Edison considered the motion pictures his most important invention. T. 5. Albert Einstein's most famous theory is about time, space, mass, movement and gravity.T. 6. Albert Einstein's most famous theory led to the discovery of atomic energy.Tape scriptCharles Darwin was another important scientist of the past 1,000 years. He was born in England in 1809. In 1859, he published a book called On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. He explained his ideas that all living things developed from simple organisms. He said these organisms changed during millions of years to produce different kinds of plants and animals, including humans. This is known as the theory of evolution. Charles Darwin's studies showed that some animals and plants have natural abilities that help them survive. They pass these abilities to their young when they reproduce. Other plants and animals that are less able to survive and reproduce may disappear. Charles Darwin's theories provided new ideas about the developments of living things. However, they shocked many religious people. Many people today still strongly oppose the theory of evolution because it conflicts with their religious beliefs.Our next important scientist of the past 1,000 years is Louis Pasteur. His discoveries saved many lives. Louis Pasteur was born in 1822 in France. He became a professor of chemistry. He discovered that heat could kill harmful microorganism. Soon this Pasteurization method was used to keep many foods and drinks safe. He also helped us establish the germ theory when he recognized that most diseases are spread by tiny organisms that reproduce in the body. Louis Pasteur also proved that an animal can develop a resistance to a harmful organism if the organism is weekend in a laboratory and injected into the animal's body. He called this method of preventing disease vaccination. He developed vaccines to prevent deadly diseases in animals and people.The inventor Thomas Edison was another influential scientist. He was born in the United States in 1847. His work made possible the progress of technology in the 20th century. Almost everyone has been affected by the inventions of Thomas Edison. These include the motion pictures, sound recording, and electric light. They are only three of the many devices Thomas Edison invented or helped to improve. H e also invented devices to improve the telephone. He improved machines that produced electricity. And he worked on many electric motors, including those for trains. Thomas Edison once said the electric light was the most difficult to develop. He also called it his most important invention.Our next scientist of the millennium is the Austrian doctor Sigmund Freud. He changed scientific ideas about the mind. Dr Freud was born in 1856 in Moravia. He established the idea that dreams help us understand our unconscious self. He said thisis the part of the mind containing wishes, desires, or bad experiences too frightening to recognize. Sigmund Freud's work on the causes and treatment of mental sickness helped to form the ideas of modern psychiatry. His ideas about sexual development led to the discussion and treatment of sexual problems. Many of Sigmund Freud's ideas are no longer used today, but no one disputes his great influence on the science of mental health.Our final scientist of the past 1,000 years is Albert Einstein. He changed the way we understand the universe. The great scientist was born in Germany in 1879. In 1905, Albert Einstein published one of the most important scientific documents in history. It explained his special theory of relativity. This theory is about the ideas we use to describe natural events. It is about time, space, mass, movement and gravity. Albert Einstein is perhaps best known for his mathematical statement E=MC2 or energy equals mass times the speed of light squared. This statement explained that a great amount of energy could come from a small piece of matter. It explained how the sun could give off heat and light for millions of years. It also led to the discovery of atomic energy. Albert Einstein's theories, like those of the other great scientists of the millennium changed our world.Part IVControl, sort, on the page, working out, a whole section, fail,in a position, repeat,V ocabulary, stop, its context, barrier, miss, lost,Determination, go, rephrase, a half-missed point, the gap, purpose, key words, main points,ahead of, incompleteness。

step_by_step_3000_第二册_Unit1-原文及答案

Unit 1 HAPPY FAMILY LIFEPart I - A87, 80, 53, 48, 24, 17Script:The Porter FamilyMr William Porter is very old. He is 87. And Mrs Catherine Porter is 80. Mr Porter is from Wales. John Porter and Mary are brother and sister. John Porter is 53 and he is a lawyer. His wife Susan is 48, and she is an architect. James Porter and Joan Lee are cousins. James Porter is 24 and Joan Lee is 17.Part I - B1.spending special time together.2.specific, complain, request, praise.3.fatigue, insecurities, foxhole, striking out , protect.4.distant5.all marriages, Work together o understand6.Respect, danger, professional, physical, verbal7.Understand, winPart I - C40, excel, domestic argument, losingwin-win, lose-lose, win, a gift, returnsargue over, aren't, who, in control, fear, didn't need, ought not to , couldn't, tried to, destroy, marriagelove, loved, secure, discover, garden, cultivate, the most precious, own self, bloom.obtain, our partner, loved and respected, control.Part II- AA21.similar social backgrounds.2.the same race or same ethnic background.3.the same religion.A3Japan / 9.2% / arranged marriages3% / between blacks and whitesMany people in Western cultures choose their own wives and husbands. In many other countries, spouse are often chosen by the parents. In China and Japan before this century (20th century), upper-class marriages were arranged by the older males. In many cultures in the Middle East, Asia, and pre-industrial Europe, the man's family negotiated a "bride price" with the woman's family; the man's family was expected to pay it. In Hindu India, the bride's family paid a "groom's price" to the family of the man. These customs are weakening;for intance, only 9.2 percent of Japanese marriages are now arranged.What are the criteria for choosing mates? Most marriages-whether arranged by families or occurring from personal attraction or love--are based on similar social backgrounds. In other words, the man and the woman come fromthe same social class (or else a class that is only slightly higher or slight lower). Among many people in Egypt, key members of the man's family must go to the family of the woman and propose marriage. These family members must be able to show that the man's family is at least of the same social class as the woman and that a certain amount of money exists to allow the marriage to go forward.Having the same race or the same ethnic background is the second main criterion for marriage throughout the world. In the U.S,. Where there are many different races, only 3 percent of all marriages are between blacks and whites, meaning that the races are still largely separate in marriage.In many countries, marriage is also based on the woman and man having the same religion; this is a third common criterion for choosing a mate. In culture in which religion is very strong value, marriages would often not take place if there were religious differences.Part II - B1.physical appearance;2.what somebody looks like, ....., look beyond the physical appearance3.the high percentage of divorces.4.falling love with somebody,..... ,loving somebodyScript:What do you think it is that attracts people to each other, that makes people want to be together?I think that perhaps unfortunately in the initial stages it's the physical appearance that attracts. I think unless you find somebody attractive, unless there's something about them-it could only perhaps be the way they smile or they laugh, or a twinkle in their eye, or the way of a curl falls over their forehead. But something like that has to make you interested enough to find out more about that person, unless that's there I think you just don't bother. So initially physical attraction I think is all important.Why do you say "unfortunately"?Because in fact it shouldn't be what somebody looks like that is important. You should be able to look beyond he physical appearance and see what sort of a person he or she is, whether they are selfish or selfless, whether they are kind, caring. But I think initially you are not bothered with that. That come perhaps later.In pop songs and magazines and newspapers and son on, the idea of falling love in s always emphasized, so people have this idea that you have to fall in love. Do you think this is misleading for people? Do you think people expect something that in fact doesn't exist?Yes, I do. In fact I think we can probably lay the blame for the high percentage of divorce--it's a third I think now, isn't it? I think one in three people get divorced. Probably as far as I can see it, the reason is that they go into marriage or into a relationship with a very romantic view of love which I think has been created by the pop songs, by all the love stores, by the Barbara Cartland novels, etc. , that young people read. Really, you meet someone, you fall in love, and that's it., it's the beginning, they live happily even after. And I think that's the problem, because people just expect that, and it's not like that.So what is it, do you think, that really sustains a relationship, that keeps a relationship going?Well, I think you have to differentiate between falling in love with somebody, which I see as more superficial, and loving somebody, which I see as a deeper emotion and one that perhaps lasts. Falling in love is superficialattraction, being attracted to somebody physically, having fun together, whereas loving somebody I think is an emotion that grows, it comes with shared experiences, perhaps enjoying doing the same things together, shared hobbies, shared interests, suffering together as well, going through the bad times, helping each other, supporting each other. I think all that needs time to grow, and I'd call that love, and I think that's what makes a relationship last.Part II - Cone of the biggest decisions they will make in life,as the "just-right" wife for him,definition of what the "just-right"wife is,the millionaire man and the poor man ,her physical qualities,different words,by her physical qualities,in two different atmospheres,also have their definition of the "just-right" wife,the German man's definition is different from the Spanish man's.Script:Part IIIA baseball diamond frizzly hair / glasses/ funny/ monologueA wine bar pizzaA fancy-dress party the man dressed as Cheshire CatOutside a cinema coincidence/ he'd also missed the filmA boat/ the river bank fell in river/ he dived in and rescued herScript:Kate: I was on my way home from junior high and in order to get to my house you have to walk by this baseball diamond. And there was a game of baseball going on and it looked kind of interesting, so I stopped. There weren't very many people watching. And there was this guy and he wasn't really very good-looking, but he had frizzly hair and glasses and he was really funny. He did this kind of monologue thing, which war great. And I went home and I told my mother I was going to marry him after talking to him for half an hour. And when I got to high school, he was president of the student body and he asked me out and...we've got our picture in the yearbook together holding hands, and it's really nice.Ke: Well, I'd arranged to have a drink with a friend of mine, a woman friend of mine who's a platonic friend of mine. And she insisted on bringing this friend of hers who she said I'd like to meet and I thought she was trying to fix us up and I said, "Please don't!" But she did bring this friend and we hit it off. And after the wine bar we went to have a pizza and we all had a few more drinks and the other woman who ended up ordering a pizza that had a bunch of stuff on it that she really liked, so we picked at each other's pizzas all night and we realized that we were sort of had an ideal relationship, so that we could order really any pizza on the menu and we'd both be happy. And anyway we ended up living together and still are.Coralyn: We met at a party and it was fancy-dress party. A friend of mine's twenty-first and it was quite big and I went dressed as Alice in Wonderland and this person, this guy that I married was dressed as the Cheshire Cat. And it just seemed so amazing that, you know, we were both from the same thing and we started chatting and ended up being together.Jill: I'd arranged to go to the cinema with a group of friends and unfortunately I missed the train that would have got me to standing outside--the film had started. So I wasn't allowed in. And there was a chap outside, he'd also missed the film and we started to talk and we talked quite a bit and he said,"Let's go down the road and see that film, because that one hasn't started at the Odeon." So we went down there and we've been going out ever since!Carole: I first met my partner when he was on a boat and I was on the river bank, standing and looking generally into the distance and he was coming in to land with his boat and he threw me a rope and said,"Would you mind catching this?" and I caught it and missed and tripped over it and fell in the river and he had to dive in and rescue me. And that was it!Part IVBook, choked, disappointment, take you to dinner, tolerant smile, went by, rose, big restaurant, test, understand and admireScript:John Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn't, the girl with the rose. His interest in her had begun thirteen months before in Florida library. Taking a book off the shelf he found himself intrigued, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind. In the front of the book, he discovered the previous owner's name, Miss Hollis Maynell.With time and effort he located her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. The next day he was shipped overseas for service in World War through the mail. Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding. Blanchard requested a photograph, but she refused. She felt that if he really cared, it wouldn't matter what she looked like. When the day finally come for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting --7:00p.m. At the Grand Hotel Station in New York. "You will recognize me,"she wrote, "by the red rose I'll be wearing on my lapel." So at 7:00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but whose face he'd never seen. I'll let Mr Blanchard tell you what happened.A young woman was coming toward me, her figure long and slim. Her blonde hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears. Her eyes were as blue flowers. Her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like spring time coming alive. I started toward her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose. As I moved, a small, provocative smile curved her lips. " Going my way, sailor?" she murmured. Almost uncontrollably I made one step closer to her, and then I saw Holllis Maynell. She was standing almost directly behind the girl. A woman well past 40, she had graying hair tucked under a worn hat. She was more than plump, her thick-ankled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes. The girl in the green suit was waking quickly away.I felt as thought I was split into two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own. And there she stood. Her pale plump face was gentle and sensible, her gray eyes had a warm and kindly twinkle. I did not hesitate. My fingers gripped the small worn blue leather copy of the book that was to identify me to her. This would not be love, but it would be something precious, something perhaps even better than love.......。

Stepbystep3000第二册-Unit3-答案

Stepbystep3000第二册-Unit3-答案Part I-A1. in your imaginationthink into the future, possibilities, a positive way, the starting point2. expect to winfulfill the vision3. opportunityrecognize, grab, a risk takerPart I - B1. organizational skills2. results oriented3. open-minded4. in the decision process5. parental and citizen6. innovation and excellence7. the develpment8. Cooperation9. students needs10. ideas and plans11. high quality performance12. directly and clearly13. continuous professional development14. their background or position15. a consensus builder16. leardship skills17. your bond, trustworthy18. the position19. personal integrity20. work well with othersPart I- CEscaped poverty, master's degree, worst slums, overwhelming odds, English universityProspectus leaflet, discarded, set his heart, violent, crime-ridden, 13, principal breadwinner, drugs, beaten, attacked, came close, overdose, gaining a place, a visa, had doubts, genuine student, be rewardedPart II - AA1mum, bringing up 3 childrenphysical disabilities, physical difficulty of arthritis, hold her backa headmistressan actor energy, self-publicistA2F T F FTape script:Speaker 1I think my mum's very successful because she's managed to bring up three children - excellently - in such a horrible society that we live in today. She's taught us to be kind and loving, she taught us to share, she taught us to love our family - be very family-oriented- and I think that's reallyimportant.Speaker 2The person that I can think of within my life, well, I probably can think of several but the one that instantly came to mind when you popped this question to me was somebody who lives in Harpenden and who has overcome physical difficulty of arthritisremarkably well, and not allowed it to hold her back any more than is obviously necessary because of her physical disabilities. So I think she's made a very good - a great success of overcoming a difficulty.Speaker 3I think, Mable Davies, here who's very successful. She's a deaf lady who's now the headmistress and I think that must have been hard, so I've got a lot of respect for her, because my parents are also deaf so I know how difficult it is to work your way up having a handicap, so I've got quite a lot admiration to her.Speaker 4I think in professional terms Kenneth Branagh, the actor, has been very successful and I think the reason for this more than anything else is that he's a very good self-publicist. He is undoubtedly a very good actor. I've not seen him on stage, I've seen him on film and he's got an enormous amount of energy and as I say, he's a very good self-publicist.A2Statements:1.According to the first speaker, the most important thing that mum taught her children is to love the family.2.When the second speaker was interviewed, the successful person thatimmediately came to her mind was the one with arthritis.3.The third speaker has a lot of respect for Mable Davies because she herself is a deaf.4.The fourth speaker thinks that the actor has got an enormous amount of energy as he saw him on stage and on film.Part II- B1subordinate positions, serious responsibility, threshold,broom, sweeping out, salutary branch, future partner, try his hand, sweepers obtain employment, aim high, rest content, thoughts, concerns, at the top prime condition, energy, thought, captital, on that line, the most scattered their captial, brains, all wrong, watch that basket, take notice, fail, breaks, on his head, apt to tumble, lack of concentrationPart II- B2Part III - B1Joyous, warm, lovingManifest anger vent anger on somebodyDump angerTape scriptSpeaker 1I actually very rarely get anger. I've quite a long tether when it comes to anger, which doesn't mean, I really don't believe I'm suppressing any anger at all, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if I'm buying a railway ticket or something and the guybehind the counter is very surly and you now refuses to treat me like a human being, I won't get angry with him but I'll get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. And that for me severs its purpose. I do feel cleansed after a situation like that. Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I'm taken that far. But I certainly don't suppress any anger.Speaker 2Well, my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody. If I sleep well, then everything is fine. I'm a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleeplessnights, I'm full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that's how I work. And it's terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If I'm looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying. I believe in dumping it.Part III - B1Punch bags with pictures of their bossLaughing at it.Tape script:A: Apparently, I don't know if this is true, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punch bags with pictures of their boss. And they can go and they can spendtwenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag. And they goback to work and they feel great.B: Oh,God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That made me laugh.C:Well that's one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it. I think laughter is one of the most wonderful releases, and I think that it's actually been proved that you know that chemical that is released when you laugh is life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being.Part IVClassifying and organizing ideasAbility, the facts or ideas, are related to one anotherRoman, Arabic, letters, standard form, decreasing importance, capital letters, small letters,To the left, to the right, equal, the same distance, easy to see, the ideas before and after it.No punctuationOutlining, practice.。

大学英语听力step_by_step_3000第一册Unit1-12_答案及原文

Unit 1 Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / thirdB1.2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2.official / language3.One billion / 20 percent4.Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5.500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6.Eighty percent / computers7.African country / same8.1,000 / Africa9.spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 –(a) 2 –( c) 3 –( d) 4 –(b ) All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types”–the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. Theylike to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books,and they like to study by themselves. They liketo find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type”rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do youthink you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / college general exam / School Certificatesitting University Entrance Examination bachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to abouteleven you start off at a primary school, and thenfrom eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondaryschool or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Some kids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at ageeighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors” and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sityour University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education. Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skillsfor specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching. Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming“big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages –it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language – but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French –like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase”which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different fromAmerican and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry”for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.Part III University Life A1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and evenoccasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average” student for our purposes. Foreign students are oftensurprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures. What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average” student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However,many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes –for example, language classes –will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject atthe end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, with regularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but studentsare expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroom Passive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.…and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person ismore likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner? He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground 9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the Administration BuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12. on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sportsSo I had to earn a little money to help pay my way. It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers. But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things.I have been fascinated with science since I wasa child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful people16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 / 5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles.The Arabia Peninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles.Do you know which is the largest desert? Yes, it’s the Sahara Desert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large.Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles. The smallest continent is Oceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles. You all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt. Qomolangma (or Mt. Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet.The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,0001.The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census, the total population was 1,243,738,000.2.The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997.3.And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in 1997.4.Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 people live there.5.Brazil ranks the fifth in its population. Therethe population was 159,884,000.6.Next comes the Russian Federation, with a population of 147,105,000.7.The seventh in line is Pakistan, with an estimated population of 138,150,000.8.Japan is the country with the eighth largest population. Its population estimated in 1997 reached 125,638,000.9.The next larges country in population is Bangladesh. The estimated population was 122,013,000 in 1997.10.Nigeria in Africa ranks the tenth in its population. There are about 118,369,000 people living there.11.The eleventh? Mexico. According to statistics, its population was 96, 400, 000 in 1997.12.And last, the twelfth larges is Germany. Its 1997 census showed it had a population of 82,071,000.CChinese 1,300 million / Spanish 332 million /English 322 million / 189 million / 182million / 170 million / Russian 170 million / Japanese 125 million / German 98 million / 75.5 million / Korean 75 million / French 72 million / Vietnamese 67 million / 66 million / 64 million / 63 million / Turkish 59 million / 58 million / 44 million / Polish 44 million / Arabic 42.5 million / 41 millionDo you know which languages are spoken by more than 40 million people?Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by 189 million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182 million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million speakers, while Javanese has 75.5 million. We have Korean on the list with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, we have Marathi on the list and it has 64 million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63 million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.Part II1.A baby boy2.social/ ecological/ populations3.longer/ healthierA baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overnight has officially been named the world’s six billionth inhabitant.Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that thefirst child to be delivered at the Kosovo Hospital in Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.The U Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populationsThe boy who came into the world a short time ago in Bosnia to such international acclaim will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eighty million will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today’s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are living longer andhealthier lives than any generation in the history.B b c aThe boy will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet.The earth’s population has doubled since 1960and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.Part III Awater/ 70% red or brown/ plant cover snow/ continents islands arms of the ocean connecting a channel valleys plainsB 12 million / 2/ 10 million/ 10/ 3/ 6/ 4/16 million/ 18 million1. Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Riode Janeiro 4. Bombay5. Delhi6. Shanghia7. SeoulI-Interview E-ExpertI: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten. New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million.I: And London?E: London, which was number two, won’t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in the developing countries?E: The reasons are complex but many are moving to look for work. And the problems this creates areenormous. It’s estimated that 26 million people will be living in Mexico City by the year 2000, with Sao Paulo in Brazil not far behind.I: I t’s difficult to believe.E: I know. Rio de Janeiro will have a population of a mere 13 million. Well, just imagine the kinds of difficulties this is going to cause in terms of health, transport and education.I: Yes. What about the cities of Asia? Will they be experiencing a similar sort of growth?E: In some cases, yes. Calcutta in India which was No. 10 in the league in 1950 is expected to be the fourth biggest city in the world with a population of 16 million- quadrupling its size in just 50 years. Bombay and Delhi too are expected to be in the top ten.I: What about Japan?E: Ah! Well, Tokyo was number three in 1950 and that’s where it’ll be at the beginning of the next century, although its population will have trebled to about 18 million. Looking at the other major cities in Asia, Shanghai and Seoul will bein the top ten as well but, perhaps surprisingly, not Beijing or Hong Kong.I: Now, if we could turn our attention to home, what about the trend of people moving out of the cities…Part IV skills /the main idea/what/recognize/central / important/direction/purpose/inform/compare/answer/stated/a topic sentence/ first/ details/ difficult/ persuade/ end/ implied/ hinted at/a wholeUnit 3 Traveling from Place to Place Part Ⅰ A BA912/11:20/17 BA877/11:20/14 BA292/11:25/19 TW695/11:30/16 4 EA831/11:35/24BA838/9 IB290/11:35/15 LH039/11:40/9 BA666/11:40/18 AI141/6 BA560/22Last call for British airways flight BA912 for Tokyo. BA912 for Tokyo due to depart at 11:20 boarding at gate 17.British airways flight BA877 to Boston. British airways flight BA877 to Boston duo to depart at11:20 boarding now at gate 14.British airways flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi. Flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi duo to depart at 11:25 now board at gate 19.TWA flight, TW695to New York. TWA flight TW695 to New York departing at 11:30 boarding at gate16.B Tea, soft drinks, coffee, Egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and chips, roast chicken, cheeseburgersTape script:Chief Steward: may I have your attention please, ladies and gentlemen? This is the chief steward speaking. We would like to inform all passengers that the buffet car is now open. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. On sale are tea, coffee and soft drinks, a selection of fresh and toasted sandwiches including egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and cress, roast chicken and toasted cheese; cheeseburgers, beef burgers and sausages and a licensed bar. The。

Step_By_Step_3000_第二册-Unit4-答案

Unit 4 Getting ready for the future careerPart I-A1. cook,Experience, work on weekends,Call 23597392. English and math teachersA bachelor’s degreeTeaching certificate3. Marking Communication SupervisorBusiness AdministrationPC and presentation354, 164934. Area Sales ManagerCareers and extensiveHardworking and initiated quick learnerChallengingMobile, travel extensivelyExpected salary, recent photo, 385, NY158355. BuyerA competitive salary and a benefits packageCareer developmentBusiness or engineering2-3 years’Good command of EnglishCommunication and interpersonalWork in teamsContact phone number and a copy of diploma to 962 West Avenue, Syracuse, NY 186406. AccountantAccounting or auditingStrong computer skills3 years’, trading companiesEducation certificate, ID card copy and photo to 404, South 7th Street, NYCTapescript:1.Cook need immediately in a busy downtown restaurant! You must be good and dependable.Experience is preferred and work on weekend is required. If you are interested, please call 2359739.2. A small private school needs English and math teachers. Applicants must have a bachelor’sdegree and teaching certificate. Interested people please send your resume to Wales Charter School, 19 Snow Road, NYC.3.As the world leader in imaging business from photographic to commercial to electronicimaging, we invite application from qualified persons for the position of Marketing Communication Supervisor. Candidates must have bachelor’s degree in BusinessAdministration and good PC and presentation skill. Please apply by sending your resume to MTP, P.O. Box 354, Syracuse, NY 16493.4.If you are a dynamic, hardworking and initiated quick learner interested in working in achallenging environment, if you are mobile and able to travel extensively, please join our Truck Tire and Passenger Car Tire Teams and be the Area Sales Manager. Professional careers and extensive training are provided to you. Are you the right one for us? Send your detailed resume with your expected salary and recent photo to: Martin’s Apparel, 385 Rockledge Street, Syracuse, NY15835.5.We are among the top 50 industrial companies worldwide with an annual turnover in excess ofUS$40 billion. We provide for our employees not only a competitive salary and a benefits package, but also excellent career development opportunities. We are now seeking qualified people to fill the position of Buyer. Candidates’ qualifications include: a bachelor’s degree in business or engineering, 2-3 years’ relevant working experience, good command of English, good communication and interpersonal skills and the ability to work in teams. Those who are interested please send your resume, a recent photo, contact phone number and a copy of your diploma to 962 West Avenue, Syracuse, NY186406.we, one of the world’s largest food manufacturers, have the position of Accountant available.Applicants must have a university degree in accounting or auditing, strong computer skills and a minimum of 3 years’ experience with trading companies. If you believe that you have the experience and talent to develop and grow with one of the world’s leading food companies, please send your resume, education certificate, ID card copy and photo to 404, South 7th Street, NYC.Part I – BWeb designer, the hottest jobs, six1. Tissue engineersSkin, on the market, growing organs in test tubes2. Genetic programmersDefects, smart, certain cancers3. farmersCrops and livestock, proteins, vaccine-carrying , cows, sheep and goats.4. food monitorsfast-growing fish and freeze-resistant fruits5. Hot-line handymanReprogramming, power up, giving abuse, home electronics, video phone6. Narrow castersPersonalized, media and advertisers, tastes and smells.Part I – CAndrew Sue934kgLansing, Michiganthe National Bicycle Leaguethe American Bicycle Association’sBMXWorld125donating, Special OlympicsTape script…tell you about a 9-year-old boy. He is a bicycle motocross racer, and his name is Andrew Sue. He rides under Number One on the track, and he lives in Lansing, Michigan. He’s also Number One in other ways. He weighs about 34 kilograms. The boy is a two-time BMX, that’s Bicycle Motor Cross, national champion, and he’s also a two-time world champion. He’s right Number One for his age in the National Bicycle League and Number One in the American Bicycle Association’s Michigan II District. And he’s been a bicycle motocross racer since he was five years old. Andrew has collected more than 126 trophies for his feats on the track. His awesome display of hardware has not set around collecting dust, however. He donated many of the trophies, the hardware, to the Michigan Special Olympics. I don’t know if you are familiar with that. Now Special Olympics on television and he decided that he had so many trophies that he ought to give them some. And he talked it over with his parents that he ought to give them some. And he talked it over with his parents and they too thought it was a good idea. His father Tom Sue says that they were sort of running out of room in the house. After seeing the crippled children on television, they knew they had found a worthwhile purpose for the trophies. And Andrew’s unselfish gesture has brought praise from Michigan State Representative and Speaker of the House, Bobby Crimm. He wrote a letter and said, “ Your Mom and Dad must be very proud of you, Andy. You are truly an extraordinary young man.” And Andrew’s parents are obviously quite proud of what their son has done both on the track as a bicycle motocross Number One winner and also by giving the trophies to handicaps, participants in the Special Olympics. He knows that those trophies will bring other people great joy too.Part II- Bb, a, b, aPart II- CF T F F F T FPart II- D1.hiring painters2.doing advertising3.providing equipment4.taking care of payroll5.writing contract6.doing final inspection with customerTape scriptNineteen-year old Mark Laratonda is a local college student. He is getting useful businessexperience this summer at home in Pennsylvania. Mark and other students are spending their summer working for a company called Student Painters. Student Painters is based in Toronto. It operates in 28 states in the United States and in 5 Canadian provinces.All of the mangers and painters at Student Painters are full-time college students. They are earning money for tuition and expenses for the next school year.Student Painters was founded in 1980. Its goal is give students a chance to experience the real business world. I aratonda is a manager for Student Painters. He is also a business marketing major at Indiana University. He says, "Working at Student Painters is a great experience for me. I am learning a lot about how business operate."Laratonda heard about Student Painters last year at his university. "I filled out an application and they called me for an interview. After the interview, they called me again and offered me a job", Laratonda said. He eagerly accepted the opportunity. He said, "It's a great chance to get experience in the business world. I get to work in many different places and I get to work outside. There a lot of responsibilities. But there are a lot of rewards. It looks good on your resume, too."In order to become a manager, Laratonda was trained by company instructors. As a manager, he must do many things. For example, he is responsible for hiring the painters. He also does the advertising. Mar must provide equipment such as ladders, paint, and brushes for the painters. He takes care of the payroll ad writes the contracts. It is also his responsibility to do the final inspection of each project with the customer.Laratonda supervises two groups of painters. Each group has three painters. The painters usually work eight hours a day. "The people I hired are very responsible. They work hard and get the job done. " Laratonda says.His painters have completed 15 projects since May. They have about $40,000 worth of painting jobs to do this this summer.Statements:1.Student Painters is based in New York.2.Student Painters was founded in 1980.3.Student Painters operates in 50 states in the United States and in 5 Canadian provinces.4.Mark Laratonda supervises three groups of painters.ratonda's painters have completed 15 jobs since July.pany instructors trained Laratonda to become a manager.7.Mark Laratonda is an engineering major at Indian University.Part III-AQuestion 1: 15 to 20 yearsQuestion 2: my abilities and aptitudes, as well as my interests and aimsQuestion 3: find success and satisfactionQuestion 4: the immediate advantages, the long-term prospectsQuestion 5: my guidance counsellor, my parents, my teachers and my headmaster.Question 6: Have I made a real study of jobs?Question 7: regard, a means of getting money, my future happiness and contentment, combination.Part III-B1.Affect/ future course of life/ determine/ friends/ husband or wife/ where you live/ recreational activities/ other aspects2.Weak points/ strong ones/ what kind/ you want to be3.What/ other people / important and challenging/ talk to people/ watch/ at work4.Satisfaction/ not just start/ years to come/ importance of education / promotion/ preference/ educated persons5.Experience/ benefit/ help/ think about/ stimulate/ really want to do / offer suggestions/ take advantage of/ qualities and qualifications6.Read about/study/ over and over again7.---------------------Tape scriptIn order to give you as much help as possible. I have drawn up a lit of questions that you ought to ask yourself."Have I given thought to what I would like to be doing 15 to 20 years from now?" Bear in mind that the career you choose will affect the future course of your life. It will partially determine your range of friends, your choice of husband or wife, where you live, your recreational activities, and other important aspects of your life."Have I a clear knowledge of my abilities and aptitudes, as well as my interests and aims?" Be honest about your weak points as well as your strong ones. Take a really good look at yourself and give real thought to the kind of person you are, what you are good at , and what kind of person you want to be."Do I know the kind of occupations in which people like myself tend to find success and satisfaction?" Once you have examined and found out about yourself, your next question is what you really do with yourself. You can gain some idea of what other people, with similar abilities and interests, consider to be important and challenging in the careers that they choose, by talking to people already in the careers that interest you. Watch these people at work."Have I weighted carefully the immediate advantages against the long-term prospects offered by the jobs I am considering?" Will the occupation you select give you satisfaction, not just when you start, but in the years to come? Realize now the importance of education in all fields, technical and professional. Remember that when promotion occurs, preference is usually given to educated persons--other things being equal."Have I talked about my job preferences with my guidance counsellor, my parents, my teachers and my headmaster?" Remember they have tremendous fund of experience from which you should benefit. They can help you think about the jobs in which you will find satisfaction and challenge. They can stimulate you to give careful thought to what you really what to do, and offer useful suggestions as to how you might take full advantage of your personal qualities and qualifications."Have I made a real study of jobs? It takes a very long time to find the work that suits you the best. Reading about and studying a number of occupations is something you should do over and over again."How do I regard my job? Is it just a means of getting money to do the things that I want to do ? Is the work important to me and my future happiness and contentment? Is it a combination of both these things?"The above questions and their answers should give you some better ideas about how you should start planning your career. Your life-long job can not be approached in any kind of haphazard fashion. It must be considered carefully, examined from every angel, talked over with those who know you and those who can help you in any way.Part IVFilling up formsGeneral views:A.Personal life, habits, little or nothing, the matter in handB.Hesitate, intimate friends, goes blankC.The worstD.No reliefSupporting detailsA.Driving license/ evening course/ holiday abroadApplying for job/ stamps/ measles/ father tobacconist/ in Foreland/ died at 82B. Date of birth/ nationality/ serious illness/ tonsils/ delicate/ lazy/ personal defects/ contact lenses/ upper teeth not own/ character/ gambling/ difficult to get upC. Education/ previous experience/ posts held/ dates/ struggle to remember/ exams/ how long/ what firms/ if blank/ in prison/ dubious occupationD. Summons/ explain discrepanciesTape script:Of all things in th world, I most dislike filing up forms. In fact, I have a positive horror of it. Applying for a driving license, registering for an evening course, booking a holiday abroad- everything nowadays seems to involve giving information about one's personal life and habits that has little or nothing to do with the matter in hand. When applying for a job, it may be of some obscure interest to a prospective employer to learn that I collect stamps or bad measles as child.But why should he conceivably want to know that my father was a tobacconist to live in Foreland and died when he was 82. The authorities who require one to fill up forms frequently demand answers to questions that one would hesitate to put to one's intimate friends. The worst of it is that, when confronted with such questions, my mind goes blank and I can hardly remember my own date of birth, let alone my nationality. Have I ever suffered from a serious illness? Have I ? What do they mean by "serious"? I had my tonsils out in hospital when I was eight, and my mother always assured me I was delicate, but father contended I was born lazy. Do I suffer from my personal defects? Well, I wear contact lenses and my upper teeth are not my own. But perhaps the word "defect" applies to my character. Am I supposed to admit that I like gambling and find it difficult to get up in the morning, both of which are true? Of all, I think job applications are the worst- education, pervious experience, posts held, give dates. Terrified by the awful warning about giving false declarations, which appears at the bottom of the form, I struggle to remember what exams I passed and how long I worked for what firms. However hard I try, there always seems to be a year or tow for which I can not satisfactorily account and which, I am certain, if left blank, will give the impression that I was i prison or engaged in some occupations too dubious to mention. Even when the form is safely posted, there is no relief as I hourly await the summons from some furious official to explain the discrepancies on my form.。

新目标英语九年级Unit 12 STEP BY STEP随堂通

新目标英语九年级Unit 12STEP BY STEP随堂通STEP随堂通Ⅰ.根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。

1.Does Mike often l______his cell phone in his house?2.Please get to school on t______.Don ’t be late.3.My alarm clock didn ’t g______off this morning,so I was late.4.He o______this morning and didn ’t catch the school bus.5.When I got to school,I r______that I had left my schoolbag at home.Ⅱ.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.When Sarah arrived at the party,Paul ______already ______.(leave)2.When we got home last night,we found somebody ____________into our room.(break)3.Karen didn ’t want to come to the cinema with us because she ______already ______the film.(see)4.______you ever ______your keys in the house?(lock)5.The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous.He ______never ______before.(fly)6.The house was dirty.It __________________for weeks.(not,clean)7.By the end of last year,he ____________to America five times.(be)8.I tried to phone Ann this morning but there was no answer.She ____________out.(go)9.What ______you ______when the teacher came in?(do)10.What ______to the old man?(happen)Ⅲ.选择填空。

step-by-step-3000第二册unit10答案

step-by-step-3000第二册unit10答案Unit 10Part I warming upAFirst of all, locate the gate at the bottom of the page. When you walk into the compound, the first building on your right is the Out-Patient Department (2), the first on your left is the Emergency Department (1). If you want to go to the Physicians Department, take the first turn on the left and walk straight ahead. You’ll see a fountain spring. Pass by it and walk in the same d irection, you’ll see the Physician Department (5). If you want to get your blood tested in the Laboratory, walk straight along the Main Road until you reach a roundabout. Turn left from the roundabout and walk a few minutes. Take the right turn and the first building coming into your sight is the Laboratory (8). Another building on the X-ray Department (9). If you turn left from the roundabout and walk ahead until you reach the end of the road, you will see the Eye, Ear, and Throat Department(6). The building next to it to the northis the Dental Department (7). If you want to visit your relatives or friends who are hospitalized, you got the Ward, which is not difficult to find. Take the right turn from the roundabout and a small lake will come into your view. The winding road along the lake will lead you to the Ward (11). If you go past the roundabout and walk along the Main Road for a few minutes, you will see a building on your right. That’s the Administrative Building (10). Well, where do we get the medicines? From the Dispensary (4). That’s the building facing the Out-Patient Department on the north side of the road. Another building onthe north side of the road is the Surgery Department(3).B:2 teaspoonfuls, not exceed 15 teaspoonfuls per day.Half of the adult dosage, not exceed 7 teaspoonfuls per day DrowsinessExceed recommended dosageChildren under 6Individuals with high blood pressure, heart disease, or diabetesDrive or operate machineryDiscontinue use and consult your physicianChronic coughRemember to check the dosage before you take this medicine. Adults twelve years old and over take two teaspoonfuls, but do not exceed fifteen teaspoonfuls per day. Children six years old to twelve take half of the adult dosage, but do not exceed seven teaspoonfuls per day.And here are the warnings you should keep in mind. Do not exceed the recommended dosage unless directed by a physician. Do not administer to children under six years old or to individuals withhigh blood pressure, heart disease, or diabetes. This preparation many cause drowsiness. Do not drive or operate machinery while taking this medication. Chronic cough is dangerous. If relief does not occur within three days, discontinue use and consult your physician.C:Reducing risk of developing lung cancerWalking good effect on heart Health problemsFresh, natural foodLife-enhancing and life-elongatingA healthier being.Tea contains natural chemicals. These chemicals block the action of some substances produced in the bodies that cause cancer. Tea contains the same substances in fruits and vegetables. Drinking tea could protect people’s health.Cigarette smokers of any age reduce their risk ofdeveloping lung cancer when they stop smoking. It is never too late to stop smoking.Walking has a good effect on the heart because it reduces blood pressure, blood sugar and blood cholesterol level. It is never too late to start exercising.Vitamins are necessary for good health. However, extremely large amounts of some vitamins may cause health problems. It is far better to get vitamins from eating fresh, natural food than from taking vitamin pillsLaughter is one of the most wonderful release. It releases the chemical that is life-enhancing and life-elongating. It heals wounds and promotes a healthier being.D:They have found that fatness can spread form person to person in social groups.A friend / a 57% increased chanceup to 4% of adults and up to 8% of young children They can result in trouble breathing and in some cases death.extreme heatThe nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature and this causes great stress on the human bodyto rest for a short period in the middle of the day One studyfound that persons who sleep fro a few minutes during the day were less likely to die of heart disease.Researchers say they have found that fatness can spread from person to person in social groups. When one person gains weight, close friends often gain weight, too. The study was published last month in the New England Journal of Medicine. The study showed that when a person becomes severely overweight, there is a 57% increased chance that one of their friends will be, too. A sister or brother of the overweight person has a 40% increased chance of becoming fat. The increased risk for a wife or husband is a little less than that.2. in the United States, experts estimate that up to 4% of adults and up to 8% of young children have food allergies. Every year these allergies causeabout 30，000 cases of anaphylaxis, a sever reaction that requires immediate treatment. It can result in trouble breathing and in some cases death. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases say 100 to 200 people die. It says most of the reactions resulted from peanuts and tree nuts such as walnuts.3. floods, storms and other natural events kill thousands of people every year. So does extreme heat. Experts say heat may be nature’s deadliest killer. Recently, extreme heat was blamed for killing more than 100 people in India. Daytime temperatures rose to more than 45 degrees Celsius in some areas. On June eleventh, the temperature in one desert town hit 51 degrees. Experts say the total heat of a hot day or several days can affect health. Several hot days are considered a heat wave. Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not drop much form the highest daytime temperature. This causes great stress on the human body.4. medical experts say most Americans do not getenough sleep. They say more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day. They are advising people to sleep lightly before continuing with other activities. One study earlier this year found that persons who sleep for a few minutes during the day were less likely to die of heart disease. The study followed more than 23,000 Greek adults for about 6 years. Adults s who rested for half an hour at least three times a week had a 37% lower risk of dying form heart disease than those who did not nap.Part IIB67% of Americans questionedWash their hands after using a public restroom Reducing the spread of infectious diseases Colds, influenza, throat and ear infections, food poisoning, cholera, hepatitisA public information campaignSoap and hot water for at least 15 seconds.听力原文：Health experts say washing your hands reduces the spread of viruses and other organisms that cause disease. This advice may sound simple. However experts say a lot of people do not follow it.A recent study found that many Americans fail to wash their hands after using public toilets. More than 95% of Americans questioned said they always wash their hands after using public restrooms. However, the study found that only 67% o f them actually do so. The study also found that American men are less likely than women to wash their hands after suing a public restroom.The American Society for Microbiology announced the findings. Judy Daly works for the group. She admits that hand washing may seem an unusual subject to study. But she says hand washing is avery serious issue. Experts say hand washing is the simplest and most effective way to reduce the spread of infectious diseases.Infections can spread by touching surfaces that have harmful organisms on them. Shaking hands with another person also can spread infection. Harmful bacteria may enter your body if you touch your mouth, nose or eyes.Among the most common infections spread by hand are colds, influenza, and throat and ear infections. In addition, millions of food poisoning cases each year are blamed on people who prepare food who do not wash their hands. More serious diseases like cholera and hepatitis are spread this way, too. Many patients in hospitals also get infections. Some die from them. The spread of infections often is blamed on health workers who do not wash their hands after treating patients.The American Society of Microbiology has launched a public information campaign to get more people to wash their hands. Experts say following the correct method is important. You should washyour hands with soap and hot water for at least 15 seconds.ModificationPart IIIA1.the lung, breast, liver, mouth2.a. smokingb. alcohol usee. physical inactivityg. indoor smokeh. injectionsI unsafe sex.B1. 2.5 million / 9 factors that people can control 3.1/3 / unhealthylifestyle and environmental exposures 5. twice6. preventable cancers.1.lifestyle and environmental modification2.risk factor reduction听力原文U. S. , Australasian, and New Zealand scientists report in the journal Lancet that nine factors that people and societies can control cause nearly 2.5 million cancer caseseach year. That is about 1/3 of the seven million annual global total.These include caners of the lung, breast, bladder, cervix, liver, pancreas, mouth and digestive tract. Leading the list of causes is smoking, which the researchers say is responsible for 20% of preventable cancers. Alcohols use and low consumption of fruits and vegetable cause another 5%each. Also significant are overweight and obesity, physical inactivity, urban air pollution, indoor smoke from household cooking, contaminated injections in health clinics, and unsafe sex. One of the study’s co-authors, Harvard University public health researcher Majid Ezzati, says the statistics reflect data on cancer deaths in 2001. He expectsan increase in the proportion of death from these risk factors.“The estimates that we have are looking at what happenstoday as a result of past exposure. So one-third of cancer deaths today would have been avoided had these lifestyle and environmental exposures not been present. If we were to speculate about the future, we could actually say more than one in every three cancer deaths could be avoided because things such as smoking actually have been going up in many countries in the world, so we actually haven’t seen the full effects of it yet. ”The new study finds that developing countries had more than twice as many preventable cancer deaths as rich nations. Among the developing regions, Eastern Europe and Central Asia had the highest proportion of cancer deaths attributable to the nine risk factors --- 39 percent compared to the global average of 35 percent. Furthermore, Mr.Ezzati says twice as many men as women died from such cancers.Mr. Ezzati and his colleagues say that the best option for reducing the increasing global burden of cancer is through lifestyle and environmental modifications because medical science is not close to controlling it. Despite the drive to seek cancer cures, they point out that advances intreatment have not been as effective as for other chronic diseases, and effective screening methods are available for only a few cancers.“There is a huge amount of resources going into the war on cancer and to biomedical technologies. It is certainly not matched by equivalent research and application of risk factor reduction. So I think should be a reminder of how large the roleof prevention can be for reducing cancer deaths.”Part D1．42 doctors, dieticians,pharmacists2．24 hours a day, seven days a week 3．Clearing house 4．Free1.board-certifieddoctors2.24 hours a day, sevendays a week3.practice medicine4.$50 per visitIs there a doctor in the house? The answer is。

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Step by step 3000 Book 2Unit 12 DictationItem oneJudith Wallerstein studied 93 children over a generation. Her findings haven’t been published in a medical journal, only in her book.She says children of divorce are more likely to abuse drugs, and that 40 percent of them avoid marriage themselves. When they do marry, fail at nearly twice the usual rate.Wallerstein’s families divorced a generation ago. Times have changed and with them the attitude toward divorce and the attention to divorce’s innocent victims.“In our parents’generation people who got divorced didn’t talk about it, they were embarrassed by it.”Programs like Kid’s Turn try to mitigate some of the effects of divorce with family counseling. So the next generation more aware of the trauma may be better equipped to handle it.Item twoMondays are generally seen as the worst day of the week because people feel grumpy and tired at having to go back to work after a weekend with a different sleep pattern.However, it’s not all bad! Many people feel optimistic at this time, that things can only get better. Psychologists offer suggestions of how to combat feeling blue. These include spending 15 minutes doing “gratitude exercises” thinking about and writing down what you are grateful for, such as health, family, friends and so on.Taking up a new hobby, doing some exercise, going to bed earlier, eating a healthy breakfast, and listening to some uplifting music, are all recommended as ways to feel more cheerful.Item threeWe are not born with courage, but neither are we born with fear. Maybe some of your fears are brought on by your own experience, by what someone has told you, or by what you’ve read in the papers. Fears, even the most basic ones, can totally destroy relationships. Fears, if left unchecked, can destroy our lives. Do battle with the enemy. Do battle with your fears. Build your courage to fight what’s holding you back, what’s keeping you from your goals and dreams. Be courageous in your life and in your pursuit of the things you want and the person you want to become.Item fourCollege graduation brings both the satisfaction of academic achievement and the expectation of a well-paying job. But for 6,000 graduates at San Jose State this year, there’s uncertainty as they enter one of the worst job markets in decades. Ryan Stewart has a freshly minted degree in religious studies, but no job prospects.When the class of 2003 entered college the future never looked brighter. But in the four years they’ve been here, the world outside these gates has changed dramatically.Ryan Stewart may just end up going back to school.“I’d like to teach college some day and that requires going to more school, which would be great in a bad economy.”To some students a degree may not be the ticket to instant wealth. For now, they can only hope that its value will increase over time.Item fiveOn February 28th, 2003, the Vietnam-France Hospital in Hanoi asked Carlo Urbani for help. The Italian doctor was an expert on communicable diseases. He was based in Vietnam for the World Health Organization.The hospital asked Doctor Urbani to help identify an unusual infection. He recognized it as a new threat. He made sure other hospitals increased their infection-control measures.On March 11th, Doctor Urbani developed signs of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Four days later, the World Health Organization declared it a worldwide health threat.Carlo Urbani was the first doctor to warn the world of the disease that became known as SARS. He died of it on March 29th, 2003. He was 46 years old.Item sixLance Armstrong was born on September 18, 1971. Athletic from the start, Lance became a professional athlete by the age of 16. Lance entered this first Tour de France in 1995. Unfortunately, in October of 1996, everything changed. Lance was diagnosed with testicular cancer. With chances of recovery less than 50%, Lance began a course of treatment that would include two surgeries and chemotherapy. Remarkably, though, just five months after his initial diagnoses, Lance was back on a bike rebuilding the strength he had lost. Lance went on to fully recover and, amazingly, win the Tour de France a record seven times since his bout with cancer. He is a beacon of hope and source of inspiration.Item sevenThe latest fashion on British TV is Reality TV. Reality TV means that shows follow and film ordinary people in artificial situation. This could be at work, or in some kind of competition.One of the first and most popular Reality TV shows is Big Brother. In this show, 15 complete strangers have to live together in a house for 11 weeks. They are filmed 24 hours a day, and shown on television. Each week, the viewers vote to evict one of the housemates. Finally, only one is left, and they win the prize money – 50,000 pounds!The snow was an instant hit, and runs in several countries. The housemates often become stars as a result of the show, and appear in national newspapers and on other shows.Item eightA number of big chain stores in China are trying to popularize cotton shopping bags to reduce the amount of plastic ones being thrown away.However, the China Youth Daily reports that the cotton shopping bags are not selling well, because people still prefer free plastic ones.The paper says it’s not wise to charge for these cotton bags, and supermarkets should think about how to encourage customers to use them by making it more convenient and cheaper. The paper suggests that supermarkets provide the cotton bags for free and encourage people to reusethem.Meanwhile, the paper also gives advice on how to reduce costs for supermarkets selling these cotton shopping bags. It says they should encourage donations from businesses to print advertisements on the sides.Item nineMore than 160,000 people died or disappeared in northern Sumatra on December 26, 2004, when towering waves battered the coast. Tens of thousands more perished in a dozen countries surrounding the Indian Ocean.With the help of international donors and aid organizations, Indonesia has built more than 100,000 houses to replace those destroyed in the disaster. That puts housing reconstruction three months ahead of schedule. Teams are on target to finish 20,000 more by next April.Other new construction includes 2,000 kilometers of roads and about 800 schools.International donors have spent $4.6 billion to rebuild Aceh. The Multi-Donor Fund was scheduled to finish it’s a ctivities in 2010, but now plans to extend work until 2012 to help with the transition.Item tenA new report says the number of boys born in the United States and Japan has decreased every year since 1970. The report says the reason for the decrease is unclear. But is says environmental and other influences might be involved.American and Japanese researchers studied thirty years of birth records from the two nations. The researchers say they found fewer boys were born in comparison to girls. They say the decrease in births was equal to 135,000 white males in the United States. In Japan, the decrease was equal to 127,000 fewer males.Item elevenPeople around the world have been invited to take part in an unusual experiment this month. People of all ages are being asked to look at the sky from October first to the fifteenth. They are looking for one of two groups of stars called constellations. The event is called the Great World Wide Star Count. It is part of an effort to make a map of stars seen around the world. It is also educating those taking part about the stars. The Great World Wide Star Count is free to anyone who wants to be involved. Planetariums and scientific groups around the world are also taking part.。