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课后文章翻译Unit 1李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。
老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。
老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。
李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。
Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him.He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma, otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake.Unit 2我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。
课文原文1-7 Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.Their refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it."1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。
但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。
他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。
”2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved.2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。
第1单元在英国休闲活动在早期世纪的休闲活动主要条件由英国生活的农村和农业的性质。
村社分离和运输是很差或者不存在。
人们因此限制在自己的村庄，不得不打造自己的娱乐。
有些活动是家庭为基础的，而另一些是由全村享受。
这些可能会被添加到由流动的球员，谁前往乡村，并提供一系列的另类观众娱乐。
从十八世纪改善交通和道路状况开始启用农村人口前往邻近城镇，他们采取了各种娱乐活动的优势。
观众活动增加与十九世纪的工业化，剧院，音乐厅和发展体育，成为提供给更多的人。
铁路系统的建立和巴士公司的发起组建的全国各地，并在海边，这是成长为当代英国的质量和包机旅行团便宜的一日游格局。
广播，电影和电视在二十世纪的到来导致进一步的庞大的专业娱乐行业。
在所有这些变化，参与性，观赏性和以家庭为基础的休闲活动混合物继续。
许多当代的追求有自己过去的文化和社会行为的根源，如拳击，摔跤，板球，足球，和广泛的竞技体育。
跳舞，业余戏剧和音乐事件是农村生活的重要部分，并常常与不断变化的农业季节有关。
狩猎，射击和钓鱼的传统早已实行的英国乡村生活，除了一些血液运动，如狗，斗鸡以及熊引诱，这是现在非法的。
有各种各样的英国体育的今天，这迎合了大批观众和参与者的。
其中有些是少数人的运动，而另一些吸引广大的口味。
专业和业余足球/足球是发挥各地最多的一年，也是在国际一级。
专业的游戏已经发展成为一个庞大的家族化的体育比赛，但近年来，从流氓行为，上座率下滑和金融危机受到了影响。
橄榄球是一种流行的冬季消遣，并分为两种类型。
英式橄榄球联盟仅限于业余俱乐部，而英式橄榄球联赛是由专业的团队发挥，主要是在英格兰北部。
有两种类型的橄榄球也打国际。
板球是夏季运动在英国，但英格兰队也发挥在冬季，在英联邦国家。
它既是一个专业和业余体育。
资深游戏现在主要是专业和主要局限在英格兰和威尔士乡村共同在全国锦标赛从而发挥。
还有许多其他的运动，反映在英国生活利益的多样性。
其中包括高尔夫球，赛马，狩猎，骑马，钓鱼，射击，网球，曲棍球，保龄球，飞镖，桌球，田径，游泳，帆船，登山，散步，冰上运动，动车及电单车赛车，拉力赛和驾驶。
研究生基础综合英语课后题翻译1-8单元1) Our youngest, a world-class charmer, did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by. Until Mrs. Stifter.我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关。
直到施蒂夫特太太当了他的老师，这种局面才彻底改变了。
2) No one seems to stop to think that —no matter what environments they come from —most kids don’t put school first on their list unless they perceive something is at stake.似乎没有人停下来想想看，无论孩子们来自何种环境，他们当中大多数若不是发现情况到了危急关头，才不会把功课当作头等大事呢。
3) Of average intelligence or above, they eventually quit school, concluding they were too dumb to finish.这些学生智力水平至少也算中等，但最终都退学了，他们总结说自己太笨，学不下去了。
4) Young people generally don’t have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it.年轻人往往不够成熟，不会像我的成人学生们那样重视教育。
5) It is an expression of confidence by both teachers and parents that the students have the ability to learn the material presented to them.这表明老师和家长都对学生有信心，相信他们能够学好发给他们的学习材料。
1.The _tranquil atmosphere of the inn allows guests to feel totally at home.2. Technological advances might _ultimately lead to even more job losses.3. In the aftermath of the shootings, there were calls for tighter controls on gun ownership.4. Her kindness and generosity cancel out _ her occasional flashes of temper.5. He was beginning to wonder if he would survive the _ordeal.6. Foreign food aid has led to a _drastic reduction in the numbers of people dying of starvation.7. Perhaps her most important _legacy was her program of educational reform.8. There were food shortages and other _deprivations during the Civil War.9. The new economic policies could prove _ suicidal for the party.10. The building will be completed around six months earlier than _anticipated11. The experience was enough to keep him _preoccupied for some time.12. The road to happiness is paved with _ adversities13. She _ aspires to nothing no less than the chairmanship of the company.14. He might be influenced by _ nostalgia for the surroundings of his happy youth.15. In _retrospect, I wish that I had thought about alternative courses of action.1. entertainA. Frankie is known throughout the _entertainment_ business as an energetic performer.B. Children’s TV pro grams nowadays are much more _entertaining _ than they used to be.2. attachA. Regular babysitters can become deeply _attached _ to the children they take care of.B. When I was doing an English course in Brighton, I formed a strong _attachment_ to the other students in my class.3. historyA. The film doesn’t try to be _historically _ accurate, but it is based loosely on real events and people.B. In his book, Churchill describes that _historic _ first meeting with Roosevelt.4. innovateA. When it was first introduced, the electric car was described as one of the 10 most _innovative_ products of the year.B. _Innovations _ in information technology have completely transformed the way students work.5. flawA. Each party rejec ted the other’s approach, saying it was _flawed _.B. I had thought that he was a native Chinese because he spoke in_flawless _ Chinese.6. controversyA. There has been a huge _.controversy _ over where to put the city’snew sports stadium and who should build it.B. He wrote a very _controversial_ book, but I think he has regretted it since.7. reviseA. He gave his work to his friend to _revise _, because he found it hard to see his own mistakes.B. The book went through several _revisions _ before the publisher was finally satisfied with it.8. commentateA. The _commentary _ on the Olympic Games was much better on the other channel.B. After retiring, he became a radio _commentator_ on cricket and rugby, and also wrote about both sports for Sunday newspapers.9. restrictA. However, the company has a highly _ restrictive _ policy which makes such development difficult.B. Increasingly, campaigners are demanding that countries impose _restrictions _ on advertising aimed at children.10. heroA. He was famed for _heroic_ deeds during the war.B. America’s present need is not _heroics _, but calm diplomacy1. Employers cannot discriminate on the basis of racial or ethnic background.2. All types of insurance are handled both for personal and corporate customers.3. Police believe the tragic death of 21-year-old Lee Russell may be linked to drug abuse.4. Mostly because of his defense and athletic ability, his playing time has increased the last two weeks.5. We have looked at some of the key principles that underlie microeconomics.6. A stack of copies was piled up at the entrance to the Arts Lab.7. The critical factors in determining the growth in the present study are all external; none are intrinsic to the science itself.8. Pan has been struggling financially: last year alone, advertising revenue fell by 20%.9. I was constantly engrossed by the problems of time, space, quality, and other categories of reason.10. The award ceremony will be held at the National Film Theater tonight.1) discreet discretion discreteA. These small companies now have their own _discrete _ identity.B. We were all pretty open with each other but very _ discreet _ outside.C. You can trust her to keep your secret—she’s the sou l of _ discretion__.2) audit auditor auditory auditoriumA. The external _auditors _ come in once a year.B. We gathered in an _auditorium _ and watched a videotape.C. The yearly _audit _ takes place each December.D. It’s an artificial device which stimulates the _auditory _ areas of the brain.E. The fund is _audited_ annually by an accountant.3) conceive contrive conception contrivanceA. The _conception _ of the book took five minutes, but writing it took a year.B. This was a steam-driven _contrivance_ used in 19th century clothing factories.C. Miraculously, he managed to _ contrive _ a supper out of what was left in the cupboard.D. He was immensely ambitious but unable to _ conceive_ of winning power for himself.4) gargle giggle gasp gossipA. Once one child starts _giggling _ it starts the whole class off.B. The circus audience _gasped _ with amazement as she put her head in the lion’s mouth.C. The advertisement promises that _gargling _ mouthwash will freshen your breath and kill germs.D. There has been much _gossip_ about the possible reasons for his absence.5) passion passionate affection affectionateA. She gave her daughter a(n) _affectionate _ kiss and put her to bed.B. He spoke with considerable _passion _ about the importance of art and literature.C. Their father never showed them much _affection_.D. I remember many _passionate_ arguments taking place around this table.6) relevant relentless reluctantA. Many parents feel _reluctant _ to talk openly with their children.B. Ridge's success is due to a _relentless _ pursuit of perfection.C. For further information, please refer to the _relevant _ leaflet.7) revere reverence reverentA. I stood there, gazing down, and feeling a _reverence _ for these spectacles of the natural world.B. The Bishop’s sermon was received in _reverent _ silence.C. Most of us _ revere_ the Bible, but few of us read it regularly.8) pore peer peep perceiveA. I saw her _ peeping _ through the curtains into the room.B. She _peered _ through the mist, trying to find the right path.C. A key task is to get pupils to _perceive _ for themselves the relationship between success and effort.D. Aunt Bella sat at the table, _poring_over catalogues, surveying the accounts, calculating.1) The children get _fidgety _ if they have nothing to do.2) The shipyard has been dealt another _crushing_ blow with the failure to win this contract.3) His _ pithy _ advice to young painters was, ‘Above all, keep your colors fresh.’4) It is important to note that _foraging_ for information does not equate to aimless “surfing.”5) The victims’ families of the murder have appealed to the Supreme Court to h ave a(n) _ definitive_ answer.6) His addiction to drugs _propelled_ him towards a life of crime.7) On the triumphant return home, the captain, Brian Robson, was _applauded_ for sticking to his guns.8) The _ubiquity_ of advertising is not being driven by corporations searching for new ways to sell products but by media searching for new ways to make money.9) Here are your travel documents, all _duly_ signed.10) By the same token, reduced military budgets would force the government to _curtail _ its foreign involvement.。
（第一册）一、A Working Community1、I have a friend who is a member of the medical community. It doesn’t say that, of course, on the stationery that bears her home address. This membership comes from her hospital work. 我有一个朋友，她属于这个社区医务人员。
虽然因在他信签上的地址还是他的家庭地址，她的社区身份却是来自她所从事的社区工作。
2、I have another friend who is a member of the computer community.This is a fairly new subdivision of our economy, and yet he finds his sense of place in it.我另外一个朋友是电脑社区成员。
尽管这个行业是我们经济中的一个新部门，他还是在其中找到了属于自己的天地。
3、Other friends and acquaintances of mine are members of the academic community, or the business community, or the journalistic community.其他朋友或熟人有学术社区的，有商业社区的，也有新闻社区的。
4、Though you cannot find these on any map, we know where we belong.虽然你在任何一个地图上都找不到这些社区，但是我们却明确知道自己属于哪个社区。
5、None of us, mind you, was born into these communities. Nor did we move into them, U-Hauling our possessions along with us. None has papers to prove we are card-carrying members of one such group or another. Yet it seems that more and more of us are identified by work these days, rather than by street.值得一提的是，我们没有谁一出生就属于这些社区，也不是后来我们搬了进来。
Unit One An Image or a MirageIII. VocabularyA.1. unassuming2. stemmed from3. infallible4. had taken to5. prospect6. flabby7. More often than not8.devious9. tipped the scales in her favor 10. rapportB.1. instinctual2.immediate3. deposit4. frail5. seedy6. magnetic7. extroverted8. book9. unwarranted 10. refinedC.1. D2.C3. B4. A5. A6. C7. C8.B9. D 10.BIV. Cloze=1. which2. run3. concerned4. familiar5. evident6. even7.what8.Consequently 9 knowing 10.By 11. one 12. how 13. Once 14. obtainable 15. yourself 16. mind 17. from 18. never 19. pays 20. considered V. TranslationA.从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。
他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。
这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。
就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。
我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。
再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。
然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。
《研究生英语综合教程上》1-6单元练习参考答案Unit OnePlanning Your Future CareerReading Focus Traits of the Key PlayersText ExplorationTask 2 1. B 2. A 3. D4. B5. D6. B7. C8. B9. B 10. BVocabulary in ActionTask 1 1. A 2. C 3. B4. C5. D6. D7. D8. C9. A 10. D 11. A 12. BTask 2 1. public <c> 2. discipline <b>3. strength <a>4. reference<a>5. strength <d>6. public <a>7. demonstrated <b> 8. discipline<c>9. reference <c> 10. personality<a>11. disciplining <d> 12. demonstrates <a> 13. public <d> 14. reference <b>15. personality <c>Task 3 1. employment 2. paid3. adjust4. setting5. discouraged6. credit7. cite 8. demonstrate 9. teamwork10. rulesTranslation PracticeParagraph One"一年365天,一周7天,一天24小时,生意始终在进行。
这意味着一年365天,一周7天,一天24小时,竞争也同样在进行。
"豪特说,"公司取胜的方法之一,就是要更快到达‘目的地’！这就是说,你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来,而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。
课文原文1-7 Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it."1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。
但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。
他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。
”2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved.2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。
UnitOne核心员工的特征大卫·G 詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时 我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理 给我解释一下。
“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工在某个专业领域 你可以指望他们把活儿干好。
在我的小组中 有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家 其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的 ”他说 “他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。
当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候 我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人 其他公司经理不想失去的员工。
我们只招募核心员工。
”2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话 目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。
他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。
然而 每家公司也从新人中招人。
他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。
“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。
假如他们看起来有同样特征的话 我们就在他们身上赌一把。
”只是这样有点儿冒险。
3“这是一种有根据的猜测 ”我的人事经理客户说。
作为未来的一名员工 你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险 你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。
4特征1 无私的合作者职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。
关于这个特征人们已经写了大量的文章。
它之所以值得被反复谈及 是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。
“这里需要合作 ”费策尔说 “企业的环境并不需要单打独斗 争强好胜 所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。
在企业环境中 没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。
”5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。
因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色 并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。
你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力 为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。
这个方法 加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们” 而不是“我” 能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。
Unit One：EducationText：In Praise of the F Word对F的赞美 Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won’t look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates.Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate.
今年，将有成千上万的18岁学生毕业并被授于毫无意义的文凭。这些文凭对每个人都是一样的 ,没有一点差别， 而不管学生的成绩如何.但当雇主发现他们没有实际能力时，文凭的有效性就会被质疑。
Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational repair shops-adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high school graduates and high school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school . They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.
即使少数幸运的人找到了成人进修的地方，像我教语法和写作的地方。在这里，高中毕业和高中辍学的学生为了追求等价的毕业证书必需学习他们本应该在学校学习的东西。他们会发现自己被我们的教育系统所欺骗。
As I teach,I learn a lot about our schools.Early in each session I ask my students to write about an unpleasant experience they had in school . No writers’ block here! “ I wish someone would have had made me stop doing drugs and made me study .” ”I liked to party and no one seemed to care .” “I was a good kid and didn’t cause any trouble,so they just passed me along even though I didn’t read well and couldn’t write.” And so on.
当我教他们的时候，我从我们的课堂上学到了很多。在每次开班，首先我会让学生写一下关于他们在学校的一次很不愉快的经历。每个学生都会有这样的经历。有人说：“我希望有一个人可以使我停止吸毒，让我好好学习。”；有人说：“我喜欢聚会，但好像没有人注意过我”；有人说：“我是一个好孩子，没有制造过任何麻烦。所以尽管学习不好，考试还是让我通过。”等等。
I am your basic do-gooder, and prior to teaching this class I blamed the poor academic skills our kids have today on drugs ,divorce and other impediments to concentration necessary for doing well in school. But ,as I rediscover each time I walk into the classroom ,before a teacher can expect students to concentrate ,he has to get their attention ,no matter what distractions may be at hand .There are many ways to do this ,and they have much to do with teaching style .However , if style alone won’t do it,there is another way to show who holds the winning hand in the classroom. That is to reveal the trump card of teacher .
我是教过这个班级的先届老师和他们最初级的改良者。我痛斥那些拙劣的教学方式，以至于今天我们的孩子们陷入吸毒，离婚和其他使他们不能专注于学习的困扰。但是，当我每次走进教室都会发现的是，在一名老师期望可以引起学生的注意之前，他已经吸引了学生的注意，而不管面临什么样的干扰。有很多方式可以做到这一点，并且老师们在教学风格方面还亟待改进。然而，如果教学风格不能做到这点，还有另一种方法使你成为教室里的导引者，那就是使用教师的杀手锏。
I will never forget a teacher who played that card to get the attention of one of my children. Our youngest,a world-class charmer ,did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by until Mrs.Stifter became his teacher .
我永远都忘不了那位曾用她独特的方式来吸引我儿子注意力的那位老师。我最小的儿子后来成为了世界级魔术师，但在Stifter 女士成为他的老师之前，学习总是不怎么努力却总能过关，直到Stifter 女士当了他的老师，这种局面就改变了。
Our son was a high school senior when he had her for English. “He sits in the back of the room talking to his friends ,” she told me . “Why don’t you move him to the front row ?” I urged, believing the embarrassment would get him to settle down. Mrs.Stifter looked at me steely-eyed over her glasses.”I don’t move seniors ,”she said. “I flunk them.’I was flustered. Our son’s academic life flashed before my eyes.No teacher had ever threatened him weth that before .
当她教我们儿子英语的时候我们儿子还是一个高中生。她对我说：“你们儿子总是坐在教室后面和他的朋友说话。”我敦促她说“为什么你不把他调到前排”， 相信他坐在前排被那么多人看着就会好好学习。Stifter女士用坚毅的眼神通过她的眼镜看着我说：“我不会为他们调位，他们已经是高中生了，我让他们不及格。”我很慌张。
I regained my composure and managed to say that I thought she was right . By the time I got home I was feeling pretty good about this .It was a radical approach for these times .but ,well ,why not ? “She’s going to flunk you,”I told my son. I did not discuss it any further. Suddenly English became a priority in his life. He finished out the semester with an A.
我们儿子的学术生涯从我的眼前一闪而过。在这之前从没有老师威胁过他。我恢复了平静，也认为她做的是对的。当回到家时我对这个方式感觉很好。它是一个好的激降法。为什么不这样做呢？于是我告诉我的儿子：“她准备让你不基格。”我其它什么也没说。突然英语在他的生活中处于优先地位。他这个学期的成绩竟然得了一个A。
I know one example doesn’t make a case,but at night I see a parade of students who are angry and resentful for having been passed along until they could no longer even pretend to keep up. Of average intelligence or better,they eventually quit school, concluding they were too dumb to finish.”I should have been held back” is a comment I hear frequently.Even sadder are those
