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课后文章翻译Unit 1李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。
老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。
老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。
李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。
Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him.He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma, otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake.Unit 2我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。
课文原文1-7 Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.Their refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it."1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。
但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。
他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。
”2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved.2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。
第1单元在英国休闲活动在早期世纪的休闲活动主要条件由英国生活的农村和农业的性质。
村社分离和运输是很差或者不存在。
人们因此限制在自己的村庄，不得不打造自己的娱乐。
有些活动是家庭为基础的，而另一些是由全村享受。
这些可能会被添加到由流动的球员，谁前往乡村，并提供一系列的另类观众娱乐。
从十八世纪改善交通和道路状况开始启用农村人口前往邻近城镇，他们采取了各种娱乐活动的优势。
观众活动增加与十九世纪的工业化，剧院，音乐厅和发展体育，成为提供给更多的人。
铁路系统的建立和巴士公司的发起组建的全国各地，并在海边，这是成长为当代英国的质量和包机旅行团便宜的一日游格局。
广播，电影和电视在二十世纪的到来导致进一步的庞大的专业娱乐行业。
在所有这些变化，参与性，观赏性和以家庭为基础的休闲活动混合物继续。
许多当代的追求有自己过去的文化和社会行为的根源，如拳击，摔跤，板球，足球，和广泛的竞技体育。
跳舞，业余戏剧和音乐事件是农村生活的重要部分，并常常与不断变化的农业季节有关。
狩猎，射击和钓鱼的传统早已实行的英国乡村生活，除了一些血液运动，如狗，斗鸡以及熊引诱，这是现在非法的。
有各种各样的英国体育的今天，这迎合了大批观众和参与者的。
其中有些是少数人的运动，而另一些吸引广大的口味。
专业和业余足球/足球是发挥各地最多的一年，也是在国际一级。
专业的游戏已经发展成为一个庞大的家族化的体育比赛，但近年来，从流氓行为，上座率下滑和金融危机受到了影响。
橄榄球是一种流行的冬季消遣，并分为两种类型。
英式橄榄球联盟仅限于业余俱乐部，而英式橄榄球联赛是由专业的团队发挥，主要是在英格兰北部。
有两种类型的橄榄球也打国际。
板球是夏季运动在英国，但英格兰队也发挥在冬季，在英联邦国家。
它既是一个专业和业余体育。
资深游戏现在主要是专业和主要局限在英格兰和威尔士乡村共同在全国锦标赛从而发挥。
还有许多其他的运动，反映在英国生活利益的多样性。
其中包括高尔夫球，赛马，狩猎，骑马，钓鱼，射击，网球，曲棍球，保龄球，飞镖，桌球，田径，游泳，帆船，登山，散步，冰上运动，动车及电单车赛车，拉力赛和驾驶。
研究生基础综合英语课后题翻译1-8单元1) Our youngest, a world-class charmer, did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by. Until Mrs. Stifter.我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关。
直到施蒂夫特太太当了他的老师，这种局面才彻底改变了。
2) No one seems to stop to think that —no matter what environments they come from —most kids don’t put school first on their list unless they perceive something is at stake.似乎没有人停下来想想看，无论孩子们来自何种环境，他们当中大多数若不是发现情况到了危急关头，才不会把功课当作头等大事呢。
3) Of average intelligence or above, they eventually quit school, concluding they were too dumb to finish.这些学生智力水平至少也算中等，但最终都退学了，他们总结说自己太笨，学不下去了。
4) Young people generally don’t have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it.年轻人往往不够成熟，不会像我的成人学生们那样重视教育。
5) It is an expression of confidence by both teachers and parents that the students have the ability to learn the material presented to them.这表明老师和家长都对学生有信心，相信他们能够学好发给他们的学习材料。
1.The _tranquil atmosphere of the inn allows guests to feel totally at home.2. Technological advances might _ultimately lead to even more job losses.3. In the aftermath of the shootings, there were calls for tighter controls on gun ownership.4. Her kindness and generosity cancel out _ her occasional flashes of temper.5. He was beginning to wonder if he would survive the _ordeal.6. Foreign food aid has led to a _drastic reduction in the numbers of people dying of starvation.7. Perhaps her most important _legacy was her program of educational reform.8. There were food shortages and other _deprivations during the Civil War.9. The new economic policies could prove _ suicidal for the party.10. The building will be completed around six months earlier than _anticipated11. The experience was enough to keep him _preoccupied for some time.12. The road to happiness is paved with _ adversities13. She _ aspires to nothing no less than the chairmanship of the company.14. He might be influenced by _ nostalgia for the surroundings of his happy youth.15. In _retrospect, I wish that I had thought about alternative courses of action.1. entertainA. Frankie is known throughout the _entertainment_ business as an energetic performer.B. Children’s TV pro grams nowadays are much more _entertaining _ than they used to be.2. attachA. Regular babysitters can become deeply _attached _ to the children they take care of.B. When I was doing an English course in Brighton, I formed a strong _attachment_ to the other students in my class.3. historyA. The film doesn’t try to be _historically _ accurate, but it is based loosely on real events and people.B. In his book, Churchill describes that _historic _ first meeting with Roosevelt.4. innovateA. When it was first introduced, the electric car was described as one of the 10 most _innovative_ products of the year.B. _Innovations _ in information technology have completely transformed the way students work.5. flawA. Each party rejec ted the other’s approach, saying it was _flawed _.B. I had thought that he was a native Chinese because he spoke in_flawless _ Chinese.6. controversyA. There has been a huge _.controversy _ over where to put the city’snew sports stadium and who should build it.B. He wrote a very _controversial_ book, but I think he has regretted it since.7. reviseA. He gave his work to his friend to _revise _, because he found it hard to see his own mistakes.B. The book went through several _revisions _ before the publisher was finally satisfied with it.8. commentateA. The _commentary _ on the Olympic Games was much better on the other channel.B. After retiring, he became a radio _commentator_ on cricket and rugby, and also wrote about both sports for Sunday newspapers.9. restrictA. However, the company has a highly _ restrictive _ policy which makes such development difficult.B. Increasingly, campaigners are demanding that countries impose _restrictions _ on advertising aimed at children.10. heroA. He was famed for _heroic_ deeds during the war.B. America’s present need is not _heroics _, but calm diplomacy1. Employers cannot discriminate on the basis of racial or ethnic background.2. All types of insurance are handled both for personal and corporate customers.3. Police believe the tragic death of 21-year-old Lee Russell may be linked to drug abuse.4. Mostly because of his defense and athletic ability, his playing time has increased the last two weeks.5. We have looked at some of the key principles that underlie microeconomics.6. A stack of copies was piled up at the entrance to the Arts Lab.7. The critical factors in determining the growth in the present study are all external; none are intrinsic to the science itself.8. Pan has been struggling financially: last year alone, advertising revenue fell by 20%.9. I was constantly engrossed by the problems of time, space, quality, and other categories of reason.10. The award ceremony will be held at the National Film Theater tonight.1) discreet discretion discreteA. These small companies now have their own _discrete _ identity.B. We were all pretty open with each other but very _ discreet _ outside.C. You can trust her to keep your secret—she’s the sou l of _ discretion__.2) audit auditor auditory auditoriumA. The external _auditors _ come in once a year.B. We gathered in an _auditorium _ and watched a videotape.C. The yearly _audit _ takes place each December.D. It’s an artificial device which stimulates the _auditory _ areas of the brain.E. The fund is _audited_ annually by an accountant.3) conceive contrive conception contrivanceA. The _conception _ of the book took five minutes, but writing it took a year.B. This was a steam-driven _contrivance_ used in 19th century clothing factories.C. Miraculously, he managed to _ contrive _ a supper out of what was left in the cupboard.D. He was immensely ambitious but unable to _ conceive_ of winning power for himself.4) gargle giggle gasp gossipA. Once one child starts _giggling _ it starts the whole class off.B. The circus audience _gasped _ with amazement as she put her head in the lion’s mouth.C. The advertisement promises that _gargling _ mouthwash will freshen your breath and kill germs.D. There has been much _gossip_ about the possible reasons for his absence.5) passion passionate affection affectionateA. She gave her daughter a(n) _affectionate _ kiss and put her to bed.B. He spoke with considerable _passion _ about the importance of art and literature.C. Their father never showed them much _affection_.D. I remember many _passionate_ arguments taking place around this table.6) relevant relentless reluctantA. Many parents feel _reluctant _ to talk openly with their children.B. Ridge's success is due to a _relentless _ pursuit of perfection.C. For further information, please refer to the _relevant _ leaflet.7) revere reverence reverentA. I stood there, gazing down, and feeling a _reverence _ for these spectacles of the natural world.B. The Bishop’s sermon was received in _reverent _ silence.C. Most of us _ revere_ the Bible, but few of us read it regularly.8) pore peer peep perceiveA. I saw her _ peeping _ through the curtains into the room.B. She _peered _ through the mist, trying to find the right path.C. A key task is to get pupils to _perceive _ for themselves the relationship between success and effort.D. Aunt Bella sat at the table, _poring_over catalogues, surveying the accounts, calculating.1) The children get _fidgety _ if they have nothing to do.2) The shipyard has been dealt another _crushing_ blow with the failure to win this contract.3) His _ pithy _ advice to young painters was, ‘Above all, keep your colors fresh.’4) It is important to note that _foraging_ for information does not equate to aimless “surfing.”5) The victims’ families of the murder have appealed to the Supreme Court to h ave a(n) _ definitive_ answer.6) His addiction to drugs _propelled_ him towards a life of crime.7) On the triumphant return home, the captain, Brian Robson, was _applauded_ for sticking to his guns.8) The _ubiquity_ of advertising is not being driven by corporations searching for new ways to sell products but by media searching for new ways to make money.9) Here are your travel documents, all _duly_ signed.10) By the same token, reduced military budgets would force the government to _curtail _ its foreign involvement.。
（第一册）一、A Working Community1、I have a friend who is a member of the medical community. It doesn’t say that, of course, on the stationery that bears her home address. This membership comes from her hospital work. 我有一个朋友，她属于这个社区医务人员。
虽然因在他信签上的地址还是他的家庭地址，她的社区身份却是来自她所从事的社区工作。
2、I have another friend who is a member of the computer community.This is a fairly new subdivision of our economy, and yet he finds his sense of place in it.我另外一个朋友是电脑社区成员。
尽管这个行业是我们经济中的一个新部门，他还是在其中找到了属于自己的天地。
3、Other friends and acquaintances of mine are members of the academic community, or the business community, or the journalistic community.其他朋友或熟人有学术社区的，有商业社区的，也有新闻社区的。
4、Though you cannot find these on any map, we know where we belong.虽然你在任何一个地图上都找不到这些社区，但是我们却明确知道自己属于哪个社区。
5、None of us, mind you, was born into these communities. Nor did we move into them, U-Hauling our possessions along with us. None has papers to prove we are card-carrying members of one such group or another. Yet it seems that more and more of us are identified by work these days, rather than by street.值得一提的是，我们没有谁一出生就属于这些社区，也不是后来我们搬了进来。
Unit One An Image or a MirageIII. VocabularyA.1. unassuming2. stemmed from3. infallible4. had taken to5. prospect6. flabby7. More often than not8.devious9. tipped the scales in her favor 10. rapportB.1. instinctual2.immediate3. deposit4. frail5. seedy6. magnetic7. extroverted8. book9. unwarranted 10. refinedC.1. D2.C3. B4. A5. A6. C7. C8.B9. D 10.BIV. Cloze=1. which2. run3. concerned4. familiar5. evident6. even7.what8.Consequently 9 knowing 10.By 11. one 12. how 13. Once 14. obtainable 15. yourself 16. mind 17. from 18. never 19. pays 20. considered V. TranslationA.从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。
他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。
这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。
就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。
我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。
再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。
然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。
《研究生英语综合教程上》1-6单元练习参考答案Unit OnePlanning Your Future CareerReading Focus Traits of the Key PlayersText ExplorationTask 2 1. B 2. A 3. D4. B5. D6. B7. C8. B9. B 10. BVocabulary in ActionTask 1 1. A 2. C 3. B4. C5. D6. D7. D8. C9. A 10. D 11. A 12. BTask 2 1. public <c> 2. discipline <b>3. strength <a>4. reference<a>5. strength <d>6. public <a>7. demonstrated <b> 8. discipline<c>9. reference <c> 10. personality<a>11. disciplining <d> 12. demonstrates <a> 13. public <d> 14. reference <b>15. personality <c>Task 3 1. employment 2. paid3. adjust4. setting5. discouraged6. credit7. cite 8. demonstrate 9. teamwork10. rulesTranslation PracticeParagraph One"一年365天,一周7天,一天24小时,生意始终在进行。
这意味着一年365天,一周7天,一天24小时,竞争也同样在进行。
"豪特说,"公司取胜的方法之一,就是要更快到达‘目的地’！这就是说,你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来,而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。
课文原文1-7 Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it."1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。
但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。
他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。
”2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved.2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。
UnitOne核心员工的特征大卫·G 詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时 我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理 给我解释一下。
“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工在某个专业领域 你可以指望他们把活儿干好。
在我的小组中 有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家 其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的 ”他说 “他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。
当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候 我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人 其他公司经理不想失去的员工。
我们只招募核心员工。
”2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话 目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。
他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。
然而 每家公司也从新人中招人。
他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。
“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。
假如他们看起来有同样特征的话 我们就在他们身上赌一把。
”只是这样有点儿冒险。
3“这是一种有根据的猜测 ”我的人事经理客户说。
作为未来的一名员工 你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险 你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。
4特征1 无私的合作者职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。
关于这个特征人们已经写了大量的文章。
它之所以值得被反复谈及 是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。
“这里需要合作 ”费策尔说 “企业的环境并不需要单打独斗 争强好胜 所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。
在企业环境中 没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。
”5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。
因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色 并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。
你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力 为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。
这个方法 加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们” 而不是“我” 能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。
Unit 1Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more she showed he trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him. He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma, otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake.Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty. The reason is that she, as a career-oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociologists. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post, Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me. Though Linda’s love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I don’t know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree readily to be a member of the entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen.The disingenuousness of food suppliers has become a serious issue in today’s society . Some of them defraud the public by disinformation and extolling food additives as a great achievement in food industry. They also claim that additives at a moderate level do no harm to health. Some righteous scientists have made in-depth pathological investigations into the content and toxicity of food additives. Their findings, which suggest that some common food additives may lead to health risks if used for a long time, are regarded as a landmark event in the research of food security. Although a gaggle of skeptics hired by food manufacturers question whether such researches are scientifically based and even deride people as timid, many consumers are beginning to pay attention to food additives and turning to natural and fresh food. Some experts promise to give testimony if any consumer charges food suppliers with racketeering.The effect that e-mail has on our professional and personal life is mind-boggling. People thousands of miles away from each other can send and receive detailed documents within mere seconds. This allows us to take on a multitude of projects, to pool our collective efforts in a way that wouldn’t have been possible before. It has become routine for us to correspond and exchange files with people overseas. The only obstacle is the difference in time zones.But on the other hand, e-mail can eat up a substantial portion of our workday. Sometimes, most of the time and effort involved is going through unsolicited message and deleting junk. However, many of the unwanted messages I receive are actually worth reading, so it would be reckless to wipe them all out without further investigation. After all, many of the messages I receive come from coworkers and superiors. In my opinion, e-mail may help flatten hierarchies in an office setting. It is far easier to make suggestions to our bosses via e-mail than it is to do so in a face-to-face talk. But the downside of it is that e-mail, if misinterpreted, may result in some hurt feelings, and offenses.E-mail can be a blessing or a curse. Used properly, e-mail can offer great advantages. Used poorly, it can cause enormous trouble.In modern societies, despite the social progress and prosperity, people always feel that there is something not quite right. However, it is hard for them to put a finger on it. A feeling of emptiness and not belonging, a lack of defined solid relationship seem to be the sources of unhappiness. People all agree on the great conundrum of personal happiness: when asked how they are, they will answer in term of their family life and work life rather than just what they paid. From them, the quality of life means more than the quantity of salary. However, politicians find it hard to grasp the subject, and are flummoxed, by immeasurable concepts such as the family value. As matter of fact, the government can take a provocative role to respond to the yearning for happiness. Ultimately, society’s happiness requires us all to play our part, and indeed, playing our part is part of being happy.This essay embodies the author’s positive attitude toward globalization, but it also conveys his worries about the challenges brought about by globalization. Globalization enhanced economic growth at an international level, sustaining the expansion in rich countries and reducing poverty in the rest of the world. Since national economies have become increasingly interdependent, cooperation becomes crucial in the pursuit pf progress and security. Nevertheless, the problem is that the value of international cooperation seems to have been forgotten lately. History teaches us that bypassing international laws, agreements and institutions means incurring the reversal of globalization.The celebrity professors have many natural enemies. No week goes by without some academic celebrity or other biting the dust,his reputation in tatters. Ambrose is an America’s favorite historian. It now turns out that five of his books contain extensive “borrowings” from others’ works. Goodwin a fixture on American television, quietly mollified one of her chief victims by paying her some money. Other charges are also being hurled at celebrity professors, say, take compulsive lying, hypocrisy and general flatulence. It is a case of a few bad apples or the whole barrel? Yet there are two big arguments in favor of what they do. First, they help circulate ideas, by living a chance to educated laypeople to get information and universities a chance to pay back some of their debt to the societies. Secondly, they help to keep talented people in academia. Fundamentally, the besetting sin of American academia lies in hyper-specialization. And the market does work. Those dishonest will pay for their sins.According to General Douglas, “Duty”,” Honor”, ”Country”—those hallowed words reverently dictate what soldiers ought to be, can be and will be. They are one of the world’s noblest figures who need no eulogy anyone, for they have written their own history. They do not have noble origin, but have glorious death. The suffer from the bitterness of long separation from those they loved and cherished as well as the horror of stricken areas of war. With their indomitable will, they reverently follow the password of” Duty”, “Honor”,” Country”.。
Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better. Their refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it."1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。
但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。
他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。
”2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest .In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved.2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。
21 世纪该怎样生活怎样爱[1] 我们有很多理由去思考日常道德问题。
首先，我们可以追溯到亚里士多德，现代伦理学的创始人。
亚里士多德认识到，人类本质上是受习惯约束的动物。
如果我们想做高尚的人，就得形成高尚的习惯。
而习惯是由行为的不断重复形成的。
平时知书达理、彬彬有礼的行为对你成为高尚的人有帮助，因为这样做可以使你更加尊重他人、关心他人的幸福。
我们要关注细小善举的另一个原因是：生活总的看来就是各种各样的小事。
[2] 我们大多数人一般都不会去杀人或偷车。
但在我们看来，芸芸众生中，高尚的人与自私刻薄、面目可憎的人的区别，在很大程度上体现在他们言行举止的小节上。
想想你所认识的最和善的人，大多数时候你会发现，你尊敬他们，并不是因为他们在不遗余力地为消除世界贫困而奋斗，而是因为他们日常与人打交道时表现得体。
[3] 培养良好的品格要从小事做起，建设良好的社会要从基础抓起。
因此，拒绝反社会行为的思想真是具有远见卓识。
尊重我们的同胞，就要尊重他们先下火车的权利，而不要让他们非得挤过蜂拥而上的人群；或是安安静静地坐公共汽车的权利，而不是一路上在他们耳边大声喧哗。
由此看来，倒是文明举止值得社会改良者重新提倡。
繁文缛节却不必在意：叉怎么拿，酒如何递，无关紧要。
紧要的是你如何对待主人和其他客人。
这主要是个尊重他人、体谅他人的态度问题，而不是个规则问题。
不过，规则也是有用的，哪怕只是些不成文的规则，如下所示：[4] 拨号错误如果售货员在为你服务，就别接电话，也别继续打电话了。
要是让·保罗·萨特还活着——当然他已不在了，并提出建议——可惜他没能做到，他本可能阐明手机使用的礼仪。
因此，如果我们把电话那头的隐形人当成存在，而对售货员等人的存在熟视无睹，那简直就是在否定他们的人格。
同样的道理, 在谈话中千万别给任何人发短信，或者发邮件。
打手机时始终要注意说话声音不要太大。
还未学会这一基本礼貌的人，表明他们无视他人的存在。
Unit One TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS David G. Jensen1 What exactly is a key player? A "Key Player" is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. I asked a client - a hiring manager involved in a recent search - to define it for me. "Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. On my team of seven process engineer and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without," he said. "Key players are essential to my organization. And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just that: the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. We recruit only key players."2 This is part of a pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor's companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. They want to hire a "key player" from another company. Every company also hires from the ranks of newbies, and what they're looking for is exactly the same. "We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people. If it looks like they have these same traits, we'll place a bet on them." It's just a bit riskier.3 "It's an educated guess," says my hiring manager client. Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate that risk. You need to help them identify you as a prospective "key player".4 Trait 1: The selfless collaborator John Fetzer, career consultant and chemist, first suggested this trait, which has already been written about a great deal. It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference between academia and industry. "It's teamwork," says Fetzer" The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborative and selfless stand out. You just can't succeed in an industry environment without this mindset"5 Many peptides and grad students have a tough time showing that they can make this transition because so much of their life has involved playing the independent- researcher role and outshining other young stars. You can make yourself more attractive to companies by working together with scientists from other laboratories and disciplines in pursuit of a common goal—and documenting the results on your resume. This approach, combined with a liberal use of the pronoun "we" and not just "I" when describing your accomplishments, can change the company's perception of you from a lone wolf to a selfless collaborator. Better still, develop a reputation inside your lab and with people your lab collaborates with as a person who fosters and initiates collaborations—and make sure this quality gets mentioned by those who will take those reference phone calls.6 Trait 2: A sense of urgencyDon Haut is a frequent contributor to the aas.sciencecareers. org discussion forum. He is a former scientist who transitioned to industry many years ago and then on to a senior management position. Haut heads strategy and business development for a division of 3M with more than $2.4 billion in annual revenues. He is among those who value a sense of urgency.7 "Business happens 24/7/365 which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well," says Haut. "One way that companies win is by getting 'there' faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move quickly, but you have to know how to decide where 'there' is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast and have the courage to act on their convictions. This requirement needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management."8 Trait 3: Risk toleranceBeing OK with risk is something that industry demands. "A candidate needs to have demonstrated the ability to make decisions with imperfect or incomplete information. He or she must be able to embrace ambiguity and stick his or her neck out to drive to a conclusion," wrote one of my clients in a job description.9 Haut agrees. "Business success is often defined by comfort with ambiguity and risk- personal, organizational, and financial. This creates a disconnect for many scientists because success in academia is really more about careful, studied research. Further, great science is often defined by how one gets to the answer as much as by the answer itself, so scientists often fall in love with the process. In a business, you need to understand the process, but you end up falling in love with the answer and then take a risk based on what you think that answer means to your business. Putting your neck on the line like this is a skill set that all employers look for in their best people."10 Another important piece of risk tolerance is a candidate's degree of comfort with failure. Failure is important because it shows that you were not afraid to take chances. So companies consistently look for candidates who can be wrong and admit it. Everyone knows how to talk about successes—or they should if they're in a job search—but far fewer people are comfortable talking about failures, and fewer still know how to bring lessons and advantages back from the brink. "For my organization, a candidate needs to have comfort discussing his or her failures, and he or she needs to have real failures, not something made up for interview day. If not, that person has not taken enough risk." says Haut.11 Trait 4: Strength in interpersonal relationships Rick Leach is in business development for deCODE Genetics. Leach made the transition to industry recently, on the business side of things'".I asked him about this key trait because in his new business role, interpersonal abilities make the difference between success and failure. "Scientists spend their lives accumulating knowledge and developing technical acumen," he says, "but working for a business requires something else entirely—people skills. The scientist who is transitioning into the business world must prioritize his or her relationship assets above their technical assets. To suddenly be valued and measured by your mastery of human relationships can be a very scary proposition for a person who has been valued and measured only by his mastery of things," says Rick.12 It would be a mistake, however, to assume that strong people skills are required only for business people like Leach. Indeed, the key players I've met who work at the bench in industry have succeeded in great measure because they've been able to work with a broad variety of personalities, up and down the organization.。
Unit One：EducationText：In Praise of the F Word对F的赞美 Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won’t look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates.Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate.
今年，将有成千上万的18岁学生毕业并被授于毫无意义的文凭。这些文凭对每个人都是一样的 ,没有一点差别， 而不管学生的成绩如何.但当雇主发现他们没有实际能力时，文凭的有效性就会被质疑。
Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational repair shops-adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high school graduates and high school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school . They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.
即使少数幸运的人找到了成人进修的地方，像我教语法和写作的地方。在这里，高中毕业和高中辍学的学生为了追求等价的毕业证书必需学习他们本应该在学校学习的东西。他们会发现自己被我们的教育系统所欺骗。
As I teach,I learn a lot about our schools.Early in each session I ask my students to write about an unpleasant experience they had in school . No writers’ block here! “ I wish someone would have had made me stop doing drugs and made me study .” ”I liked to party and no one seemed to care .” “I was a good kid and didn’t cause any trouble,so they just passed me along even though I didn’t read well and couldn’t write.” And so on.
当我教他们的时候，我从我们的课堂上学到了很多。在每次开班，首先我会让学生写一下关于他们在学校的一次很不愉快的经历。每个学生都会有这样的经历。有人说：“我希望有一个人可以使我停止吸毒，让我好好学习。”；有人说：“我喜欢聚会，但好像没有人注意过我”；有人说：“我是一个好孩子，没有制造过任何麻烦。所以尽管学习不好，考试还是让我通过。”等等。
I am your basic do-gooder, and prior to teaching this class I blamed the poor academic skills our kids have today on drugs ,divorce and other impediments to concentration necessary for doing well in school. But ,as I rediscover each time I walk into the classroom ,before a teacher can expect students to concentrate ,he has to get their attention ,no matter what distractions may be at hand .There are many ways to do this ,and they have much to do with teaching style .However , if style alone won’t do it,there is another way to show who holds the winning hand in the classroom. That is to reveal the trump card of teacher .
我是教过这个班级的先届老师和他们最初级的改良者。我痛斥那些拙劣的教学方式，以至于今天我们的孩子们陷入吸毒，离婚和其他使他们不能专注于学习的困扰。但是，当我每次走进教室都会发现的是，在一名老师期望可以引起学生的注意之前，他已经吸引了学生的注意，而不管面临什么样的干扰。有很多方式可以做到这一点，并且老师们在教学风格方面还亟待改进。然而，如果教学风格不能做到这点，还有另一种方法使你成为教室里的导引者，那就是使用教师的杀手锏。
I will never forget a teacher who played that card to get the attention of one of my children. Our youngest,a world-class charmer ,did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by until Mrs.Stifter became his teacher .
我永远都忘不了那位曾用她独特的方式来吸引我儿子注意力的那位老师。我最小的儿子后来成为了世界级魔术师，但在Stifter 女士成为他的老师之前，学习总是不怎么努力却总能过关，直到Stifter 女士当了他的老师，这种局面就改变了。
Our son was a high school senior when he had her for English. “He sits in the back of the room talking to his friends ,” she told me . “Why don’t you move him to the front row ?” I urged, believing the embarrassment would get him to settle down. Mrs.Stifter looked at me steely-eyed over her glasses.”I don’t move seniors ,”she said. “I flunk them.’I was flustered. Our son’s academic life flashed before my eyes.No teacher had ever threatened him weth that before .
当她教我们儿子英语的时候我们儿子还是一个高中生。她对我说：“你们儿子总是坐在教室后面和他的朋友说话。”我敦促她说“为什么你不把他调到前排”， 相信他坐在前排被那么多人看着就会好好学习。Stifter女士用坚毅的眼神通过她的眼镜看着我说：“我不会为他们调位，他们已经是高中生了，我让他们不及格。”我很慌张。
I regained my composure and managed to say that I thought she was right . By the time I got home I was feeling pretty good about this .It was a radical approach for these times .but ,well ,why not ? “She’s going to flunk you,”I told my son. I did not discuss it any further. Suddenly English became a priority in his life. He finished out the semester with an A.
我们儿子的学术生涯从我的眼前一闪而过。在这之前从没有老师威胁过他。我恢复了平静，也认为她做的是对的。当回到家时我对这个方式感觉很好。它是一个好的激降法。为什么不这样做呢？于是我告诉我的儿子：“她准备让你不基格。”我其它什么也没说。突然英语在他的生活中处于优先地位。他这个学期的成绩竟然得了一个A。
I know one example doesn’t make a case,but at night I see a parade of students who are angry and resentful for having been passed along until they could no longer even pretend to keep up. Of average intelligence or better,they eventually quit school, concluding they were too dumb to finish.”I should have been held back” is a comment I hear frequently.Even sadder are those
