新视野大学英语读写教程2 unit5 课后习题及答案

新视野大学英语Book II课后练习题答案Unit 1Section ALanguage focus3.Words in use1.condense2.exceed3.deficit4.exposure5.asset6.adequatepetent8.adjusting 9.precisely 10.beneficial4.Word buildingWords learned new words formed-al/ialmanager managerialeditor editorialsubstantial substancesurvive survivaltraditional traditionmarginal margin-cyConsistent consistencyAccurate accuracyEfficiency efficient-yRecover recoveryMinister ministryassemble assembly5.1.editorial2.recovery3.accuracy4.substance5.managerial6.margin7.assembly8.Ministry9.survival 10.tradition11.consistency 12.efficient6.Banked cloze1.L2.C3.J4.A5.I6.O7.N8.E9.H 10.F7.Expressions in use1.feel obliged to2.be serious about3.run into4.distinguish between5.thrust upon6.was allergic to7.get lost8.be attracted to9.make sense 10.looked upon as9.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。

新视野大学英语读写教程 2 unit5 课后习题及答案（翻译）VocabularyⅢ.1.After a while as an ambulance driven, you gethardenedto what you see at accidents.作为一个救护车司机一段时间后,你得到坚强在你所看到的事故中。

2.My sole object was to get shelter from the snow, to get myself covered and warm.我的唯一目的就是为了避开雪,让温暖覆盖我。

3.If was take all the facters into account, his chances of winning the election were slim.如果是把所有的模型考虑,他赢得大选的机会渺茫。

4.It will only weaken his position if he continues to stick to his strange ideas.它只会削弱他的立场,如果他继续坚持他的奇怪的想法。

5.Literally thousands of people watched the football game.数千人观看了足球比赛。

6.The most n oticeable change was in my younger brother, who had grown quite a bit and was now a third-grader.最明显的变化是在我的弟弟,他已经足够大了,现在是三年级学生。

7.I am supposed to be resting and relaxing, but it is just a wholebunch of different things that have happened.我应该休息和放松,但这只是一大堆不同的事情。

新视野大学英语（第三版）第二册读写教程课后答案Unit 1 Language in missionText A An impressive English lessonEx.1 Understanding the text1、Because he is tired of listening to his father and he is not interested in grammar rules.2、The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture are so marvelous and remarkable that they should be described at least in a brief account; however, what the student could do was only one single utterance :“whoa!” without any any specific comment.3、Because the schools fail to set high standards of language proficiency. They only teach a little grammar and less advanced vocabulary. And the younger teachers themselves have little knowledge of the vital structures of language.4、Because teaching grammar is not an easy job and most of t he students will easily get bored if it’s not properly dealt with.5、He familiarized his son with different parts of speech in a sentence and discussed their specific grammatical functions including how to use adverbs to describe verbs.6、Because the son had never heard about the various names and functions of words in an English sentence before.7、The author uses “road map”and “car”to describe grammar and vocabulary. Here,“road map”is considered as grammar and “car”as vocabulary.8、Since the subjunctive mood his son used is a fairly advanced grammar structure, the interjection“whoa!”reflects the tremendous pride the father had toward his son; it also reflects the author’s humor in using the word because it was once used by his student, though in two differe nt situations and with two different feelings.Ex.3 Words in use1.condense2.exceed3.deficit4.exposure5.asset6.adequatepetent8.adjusting9.precisely 10.beneficialEx.4 Word building-al/-ial: managerial/editorial/substance/survival/tradition/margin-cy : consistency/accuracy/efficient-y : recovery/ministry/assemblyEx.5 Word building1.editorial2.recovery3.accuracy4.substance5.managerial6.margin7.assembly8.Ministry9.survival 10.tradition 11.consistency 12.efficientEx.6 Banked cloze1-5: L C J A I 6-10: O N E H FEx.7 Expressions in use1.feel obliged to2.be serious about3.run into4.distinguish between5.thrust upon6.was allergic to7.get lost8.be attracted to9.make sense 10.looked upon asEx.8 Structured writingSome bookworms in my dormitory often spend hours reading their “Bible”, Practical English Grammar, and do a lot of exercises in that book , but I don’t care about it at all. My assumption is sinceI have never learned Chinese grammar, what’s the sense of learning English grammar? In fact, English grammar has always been a big headache to me.English grammar is very complicated because, unlike Chinese, there are many verb tenses. Even stranger than verb tenses, English grammar also contains something very confusing. For example, I don’t remember how many times my middle school teacher tried to“impose”the differences between used to and be used to on us. Sometimes he would go on with the explanation for 20 minutes or so. He even summarized the differences by listing three or four points for us to memorize. However, they could never stay in my head . I don’t remember how many times I got it wrong with the sentences containing used to or be used to on my exams . I was really confused with these two phrases,and I can never get them right.In brief, I’m allergic to learning English grammar. Curiously, I just wonder if the native speakers of English have a microcomputer in their brain to help them utter the two phrases promptly with just a click of their brain mouse!Ex.9 E-C Translation人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。

新视野大学英语读写教程(2)课后练习答案(Unit1-5)新视野大学英语读写教程第二册课后练习答案Unit 1Section A:I Comprehension of The Text1. The attitude is that if one is not moving ahead he is falling behind.2. Time is treated as if it were something almost real. (People budget it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; they also charge for it.) They do this because time is a precious resource.3. Everyone is in a rush —often under pressure. City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store or elbowing others as they try to complete their shopping.4. Don’t take it personally. This is because people value time highly and they resent someone else “wasting” it beyond a certain appropriate point.5. New arrivals in America will miss opening exchanges, the ritual interaction that goes with a cup of coffee or tea and leisurely chats.6. Americans produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices. They communicate rapidly through faxes,phone calls or emails rather than through personal contacts.7. The impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand.8. It is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job with speed in the U.S.VocabularyIII.1. charge2. convention3. efficient4. obtain5. competent6. assessing7. fulfill8. conducting9. consequently 10. significanceIV.1. behind2. at3. in4.out5. to6. to7.in8.with9.but 10. forV.1. L2. C3.D4. N5. O6.A7. E8.G9.I 10. KWord BuildingVI.1. commitment2. attraction3. appointment4. impression5. civilization6. composition7. confusion 8. congratulation 9. consideration 10. explanation 11. acquisition 12. depressionVII.1. advisable2. desirable3. favorable4. considerable5. remarkable6. preferable7. drinkable8. acceptableSentence StructureVIII.1. much less can he write English articles2. much less can he manage a big company3. much less could he carry it upstairs4. much less have I spoken to him5. much less to read a lot outside of itIX.1. Having meals at home can cost as little as two or three dollars, whereas eating out at a restaurant is always more expensive.2. We thought she was rather proud, whereas in fact she was just very shy.3. We have never done anything for them, whereas they have done so much for us.4. Natalie prefers to stay for another week, whereas her husband prefers to leave immediately.5. Some praise him highly, whereas others put him down severely.TranslationX.1. She wouldn't take a drink, much less could she stay for dinner.2. He thought I was lying to him, whereas I was telling the truth.3. How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week?4. The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy.5. Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency.6. We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on.XI.1. 我认为他不会抢劫,更不用说暴力抢劫了.2. 男工平均工资每小时10美元,而女工才每小时7美元.3. 自然界的平衡一旦遭到破坏,就会带来很多不可预知的影响.4. 期终考试迫在眉睫,你最好多花点时间看书.5. 有趣的是,消费者发现越来越难以辨别某些品牌的原产国。

Unit 1 Language in missionText A An impressive English lessonEx.1 Understanding the text1、Because he is tired of listening to his father and he is not interested in grammar rules.2、The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture are so marvelous and remarkable that they should be described at least in a brief account。

however, what the student could do was only one single utterance :“whoa!”without any any specific comment.3、Because the schools fail to set high standards of language proficiency. They only teach a little grammar and less advanced vocabulary. And the younger teachers themselves have little knowledge of the vital structures of language.4、Because teaching grammar is not an easy job and most of the students will easily get bored if it’s not properly dealt with.5、He familiarized his son with different parts of speech in a sentence and discussed their specific grammatical functions including how to use adverbs to describe verbs.6、Because the son had never heard about the various names and functions of words in an English sentence before.7、The author uses “road map”and “car”to describe grammar and vocabulary. Here,“road map”is considered as grammar and “car”as vocabulary.8、Since the subjunctive mood his son used is a fairly advanced grammar structure, the interjection“whoa!”reflects the tremendous pride the father had toward his son。

weepv. 1. cry 哭泣，流（泪）It's not worth weeping even a single tear over him. 为他流泪是完全不值得的。

2. (of a wound) produce liquid(伤口) 渗出液体The cut is no longer weeping and is starting to heal. 伤口不再流脓水，已开始愈合了。

calculatorn. [C] a small electronic device for doing math计算器a pocket calculator 袖珍计算器You won't be allowed to take a calculator into the exam. 你不能把计算器带进考场。

geometryn. the area of mathematics dealing with the relations and qualities of lines, points, surfaces and solids[U] 几何（学）the laws of geometry 几何定律a geometry lesson 几何课packagen. 1. [C] box, etc. in which things are packed （包装用的）盒She bought a package of cookies. 她买了一袋小甜饼。

2. [C] an object or group of objects that have been put up together in paper or box（中，小型的）包裹，包The postman has just sent a package for you. 邮递员刚刚给你送来一只包裹。

vt. make (sth.) into or put (sth.) in a package, e.g., for selling 包装，打包，捆扎Their products are always attractively packaged. 他们的产品总是包装得很精美。

Unit 5Section A3 1 contradict 2 paradox 3 perspective4 explicit5 suspended6 derive7 defy8 retains9 manipulating 10 tackle4–er browser messenger consume-ion negotiation objection reaction constitutioncultivation definition expansion concentrate civilize51 concentrated 2 messenger 3 civilized 4 Constitution 5 browser 6 objection 7 expansion 8 consume 9 definition 10 cultivation 11 reaction 12 negotiation6 1 B 2 D 3 O 4 E 5 F 6 C7 K8 H9 N 10 I7 1 referred to 2 at odds with 3 put off 4 consulting with5 do their utmost6 took stock of7 on track8 take in9大发现年代，也被称为大勘探年代，是欧洲进行全球勘查的一个历史时期，始于15世纪初并一直持续到18世纪。

这一时期通常被认为是中世纪和近代之间的桥梁，当时西方帝国主义刚兴起，欧洲各王国之间正在经济上互相竞争，他们想通过建立贸易路线和殖民地来寻找财富。

在这一时期众多伟大的冒险家中，最杰出的是克里斯托弗·哥伦布，因为他发现了新大陆。

欧洲的海外扩张导致了殖民帝国的崛起，旧大陆与新大陆的接触也促成了两边的互相交换：大量的植物、动物、食物、文化等得到迁移。

这代表了历史上生态、农业和文化在全球范围内最重大的活动之一。

Unit 1 Language in missionText A An impressive English lessonEx.1 Understanding the text1、Because he is tired of listening to his father and he is not interested in grammar rules.2、The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture are so marvelous and remarkable that they should be described at least in a brief account; however, what the student could do was only one single utterance :“whoa!” without any any specific comment.3、Because the schools fail to set high standards of language proficiency. They only teach a little grammar and less advanced vocabulary. And the younger teachers themselves have little knowledge of the vital structures of language.4、Because teaching grammar is not an easy job and most of the students will easily get bored if it’s not properly dealt with.5、He familiarized his son with different parts of speech in a sentence and discussed their specific grammatical functions including how to use adverbs to describe verbs.6、Because the son had never heard about the various names and functions of words in an English sentence before.7、The author uses “road map”and “car”to describe grammar and vocabulary. Here,“road map”is considered as grammar and “car”as vocabulary.8、Since the subjunctive mood his son used is a fairly advanced grammar structure, the interjection“whoa!”reflects the tremendous pride the father had toward his son; it also reflects the author’s humor in using the word because it was once used by his student, though in two different situations and with two different feelings.Ex.3 Words in use1.condense2.exceed3.deficit4.exposure5.asset6.adequatepetent8.adjusting9.precisely 10.beneficialEx.4 Word building-al/-ial: managerial/editorial/substance/survival/tradition/margin -cy : consistency/accuracy/efficient -y : recovery/ministry/assemblyEx.5 Word building1.editorial2.recovery3.accuracy4.substance5.managerial6.margin7.assembly8.Ministry9.survival 10.tradition 11.consistency 12.efficientEx.6 Banked cloze1-5: L C J A I 6-10: O N E H FEx.7 Expressions in use1.feel obliged to2.be serious about3.run into4.distinguish between5.thrust upon6.was allergic to7.get lost8.be attracted to9.make sense 10.looked upon asEx.10 C-E TranslationChinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers’ personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that “seeing the calligrapher’s handwriting is like seeing the person”. As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world’s treasure house of culture and art.Unit 2 College-The ladder to successText A The humanities:Out of date?Reading Comprehension1. because English or history majors are considered less competitive when thejob market is shrinking, and they have to study something that can help them more easily locate their future jobs.2. because as the tuition is climbing higher and higher, many students have run away from studying the humanities and toward “hard” skills that they think will lead to employment.3. since more students are now taking job-oriented courses, libraries, where students of liberal arts used to study, are getting less popular than before; in contrast, labs are getting more eye-catching because students of science and engineering do experiments and research there.4. because this inner drive that can be either constructive or destructive is so mysterious and powerful that it has attracted many people to speculate on it. From ancient times, these men and women developed artistic “languages” in the form of story, music, myth, painting, architecture, sculpture, landscape and traditions, which from the very foundation of civilization.5. Studying the humanities improves your ability to read and write, makes you familiar with the language of emotion and the creative process, and, more importantly, provides you with a wide scope of possibilities that are open to you.6. Because in modern life, an ideal capacity for establishing one’s career is to have both technical knowledge and inner insight, not just one without the other.7. “Well-rounded human beings” are those who have insight and understand the passions, hopes and dreams common to all humanity.8. Since many people who once studied the humanities became famous in their career, the author implies that if students spend more time studying the humanities, they could surely become successful in the future as well. Language focus 31. promotes2. accelerate3. mystery4. insight5. boost6. analysis7. calculate8. barriers9. destruction 10. prospect4Promising Bearing Housing Objective Offend Exclude Excess Execute Intensify Identity51. excess2. bearing3. objective4. intensify5.execute 6. promising 7. exclude 8. identity 9 offend 10. housing6.1-5 CHDJB 6-10 LMGFA71. are liable to2. in favor of3. is boundto 4. speculate about 5. invested…with 6. stand upfor 7. in the form of 8. prepared for 9. in thecompany of 10 in succession10In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the constructionof digital education resources of our country has made great achievements. Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digitalteaching is playing an increasingly important role in education. Compared withthe traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages. Onone hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible;on the other hand, it expands the learner’s study time and space to learn,allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through theInternet anytime and anywhere. These advantages make it possible for people toshift from one-time learning to lifelong learning.Unit 3 Discovery of a new life stageText A The humanities:Out of date?Ex.11. Because people in different life stages are confronted with differentproblems and setbacks and each group of people in a particular time period havetheir particular worries and pains.2.The norm refers to the general consensus that as soon as students graduatedfrom college, they would enter adulthood and be able to find an ideal jobleading to their career.3. They are recognized as a new life stage that comes after high school graduation, continues through college and leads to starting a family and havinga career.4. Because nowadays so many young people are following this new lifestyle thatit has become a trend. As long as the economic situation continues its longslide, this new stage is unavoidable.5. Unlike their parents, a large number of young people are now delayingmarriage, child bearing, and even employment during their odyssey years.6. They often resent the pressure they’re feeling and keep a distance fromtheir parents or even run away from home. Many also resort to computer games,iPods, iPhones, or iPads.7. Their parents feel more anxious and upset seeing their children’s odysseyyears continue to stretch without a clear direction.8. The author thinks as people are getting to know the odyssey years better,both parents and their children can tackle this phase better. For parents, theycan understand their children more; for children, they can explore and discoverthemselves with a positive attitude.Ex.31. peculiar2. radical3. phase4. sensible5.predict 6. labeled 7. resent 8. witnessed 9.equivalent 10. parallelsEx.4-ic Chaotic dramatic academy -ion Depression detection erosion Classification confusecooperate dictate -ist Rightist journal Ex.51. journal2. chaotic3. cooperate4. erosion5. dramatic6. confuse7. academy8. rightists9. depression 10. dictate 11. detection 12. classificationEx. 6K E A C L I G N H OEx.71. saddled with2. back off3. gives way to4. resortedto 5. make allowances for 6. wonder at 7. prior to 8. based upon/onEx. 10Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in the ancient Chinese society. Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence of a person’s integrity, family harmony, and the nation’s well-being. With filial piety being the coreof Confucian ethics, it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands of years. It’s undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue. The culture of filial piety is a complex concept,rich in content and wide in range. It concludes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes. Generally speaking, it refers to the obligationof children to their parents required by the society, including respect, care, support for the elderly and so forth. Filial piety is fundamental to the ancient “Oriental civilization”.Unit 4 Dance with loveText A College sweetheartsEx. 11. The author uses this sentence to tell her own love story. She didn’t expectthat she would end up marrying Butch. He became her boyfriend just because ofher wish to find a cute boyfriend. She didn’t really want to marry him at the beginning.2. Because when she met up with Butch the first time, he kept staring at herall night long. He flattered her and fell in love with her at first sight. Helooked really wild or maybe even dangerous.3. Because Butch had a “bad boy image” which was very tempting to a lot ofgirls, and his wild, dynamic personality was a little frightening. She didn’tknow whether she could be getting along with him.4. Though she always had an excellent reputation in respect to her schoolwork,she thought that her college life was dull, with no fun. In her opinion,college was supposed to be a time of great learning and also of some fun.5. Because she was becoming more interested in him and she wanted to find outif she was the “right” date in the eyes of Butch, thinking of herself as a traditional girl.6. It means that Butch didn’t want to do anything to change his bad situation.The word fate here refers to the fact that Butch was going to be expelled fromthe university.7. Though Butch was wild and would sometimes display directly his love in frontof her friends, he was always a perfect gentleman at his core. And they had apure and responsible relationship for seven years.8. The author and her husband’s faithful journey of love that started with acausal attraction but bloomed into a mature love proves that romantic love canlast long through the ups and downs in life.Ex. 31. confess2. tempting3. commence4. coordinating5.granted 6. deserved 7. displayed 8. consequently 9. lodged 10. proceedEx. 4-edContented compress complicate -ion Identification justification qualification Illustration exhibit extension Interpretation plantation perceptionEx. 51. qualifications2. perception3. plantations4. compressed5. exhibit6. contented7. interpretation8. complicate9.illustration 10. extension 11. identification 12. justificationEx. 6N B G I H L E M K CEx. 71. on her behalf2. took the liberty of3. immune to4. werefilled with 5. fall in love with 6. Expelled from 7. been pessimisticabout 8. go along withEx. 10July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic ofall the traditional Chinese holidays. Every year, some big businesses organizevarious activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers. As a result,the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese “Valentine’s Day”. The QixiFestival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid. The legendholds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meetswith Cowherd. So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the MilkyWay on the night of Qixi. On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid forsome wisdom for a happy marriage. But, with the changing of times, theseactivities are diminishing. All that remains is the legend of Cowherd andWeaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.Unit5 The money gameText A Spend or save-The student’s dilemmaEx.31. contradict2. paradox3. perspective4. explicit5. suspended6. derive7. defy8. retains9. manipulating 10. tackleEx4-er browse browsermessage messenger consumer consume -ion negotiate negotiation object objection react reaction constitute constitution cultivate cultivation define definition expand expansion concentration concentrate civilization civilizeEx.51. concentrated2. messenger3. civilized4. Constitution5. browser6. objection7. expansion8. consume9. definition 10. cultivation 11. reaction 12. negotiation Ex.61 B 2D 3O 4E 5F 6C 7K 8H 9N 10IEx.71. referred to 2 at odds with 3 put off 4 consulting with 5 do their utmost 6 took stock of 7 on track 8 take inEx.10The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China and Eurasia. This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name “the Silk Road”. As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization. Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of “One Belt, One Road”(namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road). The strategy of “One Belt, One Road” focuses on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries. Once proposed, the strategy has received positiveresponses from the related countries along the road.Unit6 Less is moreText A Door closer,are you?Reading comprehension Understanding the text11 He was imposing on his troops a necessary sacrifice to achieve victory over their opponents. By doing this, the soldiers would be more determined and concentrated on the battles.2 The purpose for the experiment is to investigate seemingly irrational human behavior when making a decision, such as the tendency for keeping multiple options open.3 The experiment enabled people to see why it's always so hard for them to say "NO" to any opportunities that came to them. In everyday life, people just give excuses to keep options open.4 Students should quickly check all the doors and keep clicking on the one with the highest cash. They should absolutely ignore the vanishing doors.5 Because we can see that the students didn't really focus on ensuring future cash earnings. What they tried to avoid was the immediate pain of watching options close.6 Because in life the doors are closing slowly, not like the ones on the computer in the experiment, people don't really see the opportunities actually vanishing away little by little.7 He suggests that people should prohibit overbooking, reduce options, delegate tasks to others, and even give away ideas to others to pursue.8 People can obtain pleasure and satisfaction by focusing their energy and attention in a more concentrated fashion. They will have more with fewer, carefully chosen options.31 implement2 rival3 motivating4 discarded5 fluctuating6 prejudiced7 restore8 enlightening9 profit 10 investigateWord building 4 Words learned New words formed-ic strategy strategic sympathy sympathetic -ion confirm confirmationlocate location reflect reflection provide provisioninstall installation register registrationquotation quote -ize sympathy sympathize critic criticize industrial industrialize51 sympathize2 confirmation3 strategic 4installation 5 quote 6 sympathetic 7 criticize 8 location 9 reflection 10 industrialize 11 provision 12 registration Banked cloze61 M2 D3 H4 05 F6 L7 I8 C9 J 10 AExpressions in use 7I was attached to 2 be measured in 3 come in handy 4 clinging to 5pay a big price 6 are exhausted from 7 imposed on 8 revolve around10National Happiness Index (NHI) is an index that measures how happy people are.It is also a tool that measures the levels of economic development and people'slivelihood and happiness in a country or region. With the fast growth ofChinese economy, the Chinese government has been paying more and more attentionto people's living quality and the increase of happiness index. The governmentstresses improvement of its people's livelihood, striving to improve theireconomic conditions and meet their growing material and cultural needs.Currently, the Chinese government advocates the unleashing of more reformdividends, with the aim of offering more real benefits to its people. All thesemeasures will combine to effectively increase the NHI of our people.Unit7 Women:Making a differenceTextA Women at rhe management level3.Words in use1. harness2.symbolic3.disposed4.flourishing5.violated6.accommodation7.inferpose9.plausible 10.toleranceWord building 4.-al/-ial fate fatal horizon horizontal mechanic mechanical occasion occasional proportion proportionan logical logic deny denial commercial mommerce -ity relative relativity prior priority continue continuity actual actuality5.1.actuality2.mechanical3.logic4.denial5.Occasional6.fatal7.continuity8.relativity9.priority merce 11.proportional 12.horizon6.1.D2.J3.M4.H5. A6.O7.F8.L9.I 10.C7.es down to2.take exception to3.make concessions to4.burst into5.feel at ease with6.on both counts7.took over8.stemmed from10China is home to silk, thereby having a variety of arts related to silk, one of which is embroidery. Embroidery, with at least two or three thousand years of history, is one of the Chinese traditional folk arts and crafts. Since most embroiderers are women, it's also called "women's needlework". Embroidery has been much-loved by the Chinese people. It can be used to beautify clothing and things. For example, clothes, quilts, pillowcases etc. can be embroidered withbeautiful designs, or a piece of embroidery can be made for a special ornament. There are four most famous types of embroidery in China: Suxiu from Suzhou, Yuexiu from Guangdong, Xiangxiu from Hunan, and Shuxiu from Sichuan, each having its own style and theme. Among the four, Suzhou embroidery has enjoyed the highest reputation.Unit 8 Human rights vs. Animal rightsText A Animals or children?-A scientist’s choice understanding the text:1. He became a children’s doctor because of this love for children and his strong desire to keep them healthy.2. He is thought of having no moral compass: He tortures innocent animals for his career advancement and his experiments having nothing to do with medicine.3. The public barely watches, convinced that the issue has no significance to them, while the senator and politicians continue to give way to the lobbying of animal rights activists4. The author does not really admit their mistake, but the tone is apparently ironic, criticizing that the physicians were too soft to respond to the animal rights activists.5. Life is cruel to both animals and human beings . if the physician don’t create an animal model of the problem, they have to do experiments on human beings, or the medical knowledge will remain static.6. Drugs to cure infection will remain undiscovered, surgical and diagnostic techniques will remain undeveloped, and fundamental biological processes will remain mysteries.7. Because protection from serious sickness and drugs as well as most complex surgical procedures were initially developed in animals instead of human beings8. If the more radical members of this movement are successful in threateningfurther research, their efforts will bring about a tragedy that will cost thelives of many human beings. Language focus word in use3.1. arresting2. omits3. optional4. transplanted5. hence6. twisted7.stung 8. minute 9. imitate 10. evil4. Words learned New words formed-ence interfere interference -er thrill thriller -lyscarcely scarce specially special -ion consume consumption deceive deception invade invasion proceed procession51. interference2. invasion3. Consumption4. procession5. specific6. deception7. scare8. thriller6.1.B2. G3. L4. K5. F6. D7. H8. N9. E 10.I7.1. persisted in2. have relevance to3. becoming aware of4. isolated from5.in the name of 6. make a contribution 7. been occupied with 8. tip the scales10.Since the founding of New China, especially since the economic reform and door-opening to the world, the Chinese government has made considerable efforts ineco-environmental protection and achieved effective progress. The governmenthas taken a series of important measures to protect and improve the ecological environment, such as actively promoting key ecological projects, enhancingecosystem construction and biodiversity conservations, establishing a number ofnature reservation, ecological demonstration zones, scenic spots and forestparks. One of the important goals of building a socialist harmonious society isto strengthen ecological protection and construction and to achieve harmonybetween man and nature. Environmental protection and ecological civilizationconstruction have provided a solid foundation for the sustainable developmentof China’s economy and society.。

新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册课后题答案（完整版）新视野大学英语Book II 课后练习题答案Unit 1 Section ALanguage focus 3.Words in use 1.condense 2.exceed 3.deficit 4.exposure 5.asset 6.adequate petent 8.adjusting 9.precisely 10.beneficial 4.Word buildingWords learned new words formed -al/ialmanager managerial editor editorial substantial substance survive survival traditional tradition marginal margin -cyConsistent consistency Accurate accuracy Efficiency efficient -yRecover recovery Minister ministry assemble assembly 5.1.editorial2.recovery3.accuracy4.substance5.managerial6.margin7.assembly8.Ministry9.survival 10.tradition 11.consistency 12.efficient 6.Banked cloze 1.L 2.C 3.J 4.A 5.I 6.O 7.N 8.E 9.H 10.F 7.Expressions in use 1.feel obliged to 2.be serious about 3.run into 4.distinguish between 5.thrust upon 6.was allergic to 7.get lost 8.be attracted to 9.make sense 10.looked upon as9.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. 人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。

Unit5SectionAWeeping for My Smoking DaughterDetailed study of the Text1.While she is doing her homework ,her feet on the bench in front of her and her calculatorclicking out answers to her geometry problems…(Para.1)→In the sentence ,“her feet on the bench in front of her”is an expression that describes the behavior or a minor event which goes together with the major event described in the clause. Another example:The man sat in the front row ,his hands on the table.那男子坐在前排，手放在桌子上。

This type of expression can be rewritten by adding “with”.The above example can thus be rewritten as follows:The man sat in the front row ,with his hands on the table.Similarly ,“her calculator clicking out answers”performs a similar function and can be rewritten ina similar way:with her calculator clicking out answers.2.…I am looking at the half-empty package of Camels tossed carelessly close at hand. (Para.1) ★at hand:close by;nearWhen Betty writes,she always keeps a dictionary at hand.贝蒂写作时，手边总放着一本词典。

新视野大学英语2读写教程第4、5、7单元课后答案-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Traditional dating is a self-paced, general meeting of two people. The two usually 1)____N. commence_____ with spending extra time together, getting to know one another and seeing how 2)____ B. tempting____ they could be to each other. A good example is a man meeting a woman and sensing her 3)____ G. charm____. He then extendsa formal invitation for a date. With traditional dating, you get to go at a steady pace, 4)_ I. allowing____ yourself andyour date to get to know each other through extensive contact.There are many 5)______ H. components________ that can be expected from traditional dates. Men, who are supposed to 6)_____ L. display______these traditional values, will open the door for the woman, stand up when she leaves the table, pay for everything, and 7)______ E. proceed_____ to the next move. In the 1950s, a man would usually ask a woman out several days ahead for a specific date and time. If she accepted, they would 8)__ M.arrange__________ for a time to pick her up. He would then take her to a dinner and a movie.Today the rules of traditional dating are less clear. Twenty years ago, if a young lady asked a young man out on a date, it was thought to be 9)____ K. weird______ .Now, women are being encouraged to take the initiative and ask men out. A date may consist of a brief meeting at a café or a trip to the 10) ____C. local______ art museum. Men often pay on the first date, but the woman may offer to go Dutch. The traditional dating style has been found much less common now.1. She authorized her partner to carry out the daily responsibilities _____on her behalf________ when she was on her business trip.2. On hearing the latest news about your mother’s ill health, I _______took the liberty of_________ cancelingyour reservation at the Sheraton.3. There was an obvious indication that the police who have to enforce the new law were not __immune to___the general discontent.4. When she heard of her failure in the experiment, her eyes _____were filled with_________ tears; whether itwas of shame, frustration, or grief was difficult to tell.5. Rose knows that continuous letters from John, together with countless roses, are aimed at making her_____fall in love with________ him.6. ____Expelled from_________ public school for drinking and smoking and then failing in show business as asinger she joined her father’s business 10 years ago.7. Since the great scandals in banking, many people in the country have________be pessimisticabout__________ the prospects of economic recovery within a few years.8. The parents were quite happy to ______go along with________ our suggestion because it had taken theirmost important concerns into consideration.1.To American politicians, the handshake has long been a way of ___conveying____intimacy with the voters, and theworld record for greeting was probably achieved by Roosevelt at a New Year’s reception in 1907.2. A happy marriage can only be ______forged______ through years of commitment to caring for and understandingeach other.3.With the financial help from his parents, his business is ____thriving____ even during this time of economic recession.4.By carrying out a small test, doctors can detect the ____abnormal______ cells that might cause cancers in time andthen treat them easily and simply.5.After the little girl lost her parents in the traffic accident, she kept _____frowning____ all the time and never smiledagain.6.We’re going to have a baby! Let’s start off by calling our families and telling them the good news. I believ e our parentsare going to be as _____thrilled___ as we are.7.As the three of us were sitting together eating cake, I ____reckoned____ that it was quite a luxury to be able to spendtime with my family.8. The governor of this state has __clarified______ the state government's decision that it is necessary to stop givingmoney away so easily.9.Playing musical instruments shapes the character of self-assurance and has the added bonus of public performance,which helps to ____conquer___ the fear of getting up in front of people.10.With the downturn of economy, many people are having a hard time controlling their temper and____concealing______ their anger.1.I have met some interesting people at the golf course, and I can _____make contact with_____ them by email when Idon’t have time to see them personally.2.Everyone was standing around in silence when the owner of the house asked us a question, so I __took theinitiative_____ and tried to explain why we had come.3.In my opinion, students who _____are inclined to_______ cheat are going to cheat regardless of the technology. It’sjust a question of honesty. We’re here to learn, so we’ve got to make the most of it ourselves.4.Creative people, along with their persistence, are usually very inspirational and determined to ___thrive on_____overcoming obstacles.5.Some of us are too often _____indifferent to_______ losing an hour or a day by wasting time, forgetting that our lifeis the sum total of the days and of the hours we live.6.We're all familiar with seeing business people ____whip out______ their card at every occasion. The name of theirbusiness and their phone number will be remembered.7.She closed her eyes for a moment, trying to calm down and fight off the fear that she felt somewhere ____in the pitof her stomach____.8.The brothers have decided to ____chip in____ a certain amount of money each month to hire a housekeeper to takecare of their mother who is now very sick.1.The “discipline”message asks people to save, while the “enjoy yourself”message asks people to spend; therefore, they ____contradict______ each other.2.It is a(n) ____paradox______ that in some odd way world peace appears to depend on our spending millions of pounds on weapons that can kill us all.3.It is far more effective for parents to allow for the child’s ________perspective_______ and let him make his own choice rather than make a decision for him.4. When you are writing any directions for people, you’ve got to be direct and ______explicit____ to make everything rightly understood.5.The new teaching program was ____suspended____ last semester because the teachers in the department protested its demand for more intense work.6. He is a very considerate and generous person, and he is also one of those who can often ___derive____ pleasure from helping others.7.Many children are addicted to computers, so they often __defy__ their parents and play the computer games for hours every day.8.My roommate is always very optimistic, and that’s why he still ____retains___ his good humor after all the setbacks.9.There is a widely held suspicion that the politician, though retired, still has great power and is ____manipulating_______ events behind the scenes.10.The organization has been working with local authorities as well as regional government and officials to ___tackle_____ the problem of climate change.To spend or save is a question which many people have. There is always a(n) 1) ______B. dilemma_____ whether one should spend the money that he has earned or save that money for the future. Well, there is no 2) ____D. explicit_______ answer to the question as different people have different 3) _O. perspectives_______ on their life, and that is the reason why some people tend to spend all the money earned while others 4) ___E. retain_______ control over their money.People who spend all the money do not think much about the future. The only thing about they enjoy doing most is to 5) ___F. derive______ pleasure form spending money. For example, if they like a particular car, mobile phone or laptop, they will buy it without giving it a thought. For them, the more important thing is to satisfy their material 6) _______C. appetite______. People who have their first job or who haven’t married often fall in this category.In the long run, saving is a good 7)____K. option______ for one’s life as saving helps an individual to plan for future 8)___H. urgen t______ needs. That is also the reason why many people save money for a rainy day. Individuals who can 9)____N. suspend_______their spending save money successfully. Instead of buying on impulse, they delay their purchasing decision and won’t be easily 10)_______I. manipulated______ by commercial ads. Individuals who have responsibilityfor their family belong to this category.1.People who work in offices are ______ referred to________ as “white-collar workers” for the simple reason that they traditionally wear a white shirt with a collar and a tie to go to work.2.When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence that was _____at odds with_______ his earlier statement made a few hours ago.3.In order to persuade his daughter to __put off______ the marriage, the father quoted statistics showing mixed-race couples had higher divorce rates than same-race couples.4.The mother made the decision to give cough medicine and Aspirin to her sick child without _____consulting with_________ the child’s doctor.5.Both professional experts and school teachers say that children tend to ______do their utmost__________ when they see their parents making similar efforts.6.As she entered the most dynamic period of her career, Kylie ______took stock of_____ her success and tried to analyze the strong impact of her college education .7.The chief executive George Grey is confident that current growth levels can be maintained since all the group’s development projects stay ______on track______ .8. It is very important for students to understand and _____ take in____ new information. Besides, they should examine and judge information carefully and then make the right decision.1.Leaders in Europe, where most nations already __prohibited_______ human cloning, began examining the moral implications of cloning other species.2.There are websites where students can ____submit_____ math homework problems to a math expert and message boards where students with very specific needs can help each other.3.It appears that enough sleep is of crucial importance to health; with a few extra hours of uninterrupted sleep, your health situation could have been _____remedied_____.4. Since the country didn’t get along with the US, Washington ____imposed____ economic sanctions on this country, so its economy has gone into a steep decline.5. People’s Daily offers more news both at home and abroad, and its special emphasis on international events is a prominent ____feature_____ that can never escape our attention.6. The government is to launch a new building program in an attempt to solve the housing __crisis____, but they still face enormous other problems.7.According to the news media, the fifth generation computers, with ____artificial______ intelligence, are being developed and perfected right now.8.Although there might be some other reasons, the __principal_______ reason for my recent job change was that I found it difficult to get along with my boss.9.A study ___issued____ by the University of Washington shows that a lack of academic achievement is closely linked to improper behavior in the students’ social environment.10.Emily Dickinson, the great American poet, _____isolated____ herself from society and was living a normal New England village life only with her family.1.Research shows that an increasing number of people in the high-powered jobs such as financial sectors are ______ suffering from_______ fatigue and stress-related illness.2.The government should advocate a campaign to improve morality and let people be aware of morality and do things ______ in accordance with___________ it.3.Mr. Jacob ____shrugged off_______ the criticism, claiming he was working for the taxpayers in general, not for special-interest groups and politicians.4.Although all California high school graduates ought to ______ be entitled to______ an education at the California State University, many cannot afford the ever-rising cost of tuition.5.Since quite a few people have become successful without much education, many students perceive it as a good reason not to ______care about_____ getting a college degree.6.Hearing about the sudden death of her husband in the traffic accident, she began to scream high, sharp screams that _______ tore at_____ her chest and hurt her throat.7.Fortunately, I soon got ______ access to_____ the necessary equipment, learned the technology from a friend, and participated in the virtual classroom five days a week.8.It has been so cold and windy for more than 10 days that gardening has been _____out of the question_________, so we have to put it off until the weather gets better and warmer.1.It was essential to __harness_____ science and technology, not just for the economy but for environmental protection as well.nguage is the ___symbolic_______ representation of a people, and it combines their historical and cultural backgrounds, as well as their approach to life.3.Because of the effective and helpful method, I was ____disposed_____ to answer all the questions I could, and I never worried about making mistakes.4.It can be inferred from the passage that the commercial prosperity in Cambridge is due to hi-tech IT companies whose business has been _____flourishing _____.5.You will need to prove that the noise ____violated ___ the regulations, that your neighbor was causing the noise, and that you attempted to have him stop.6.Most university will guarantee your ______accommodation________, at least during your first year, but you are likely to share a kitchen and bathroom with other students.7.We may __infer___ from the report that hackers from outside of the company present a more serious threat to their security systems.8.She frowned at the business report, making an effort to ___compose_____ herself before she talked to the employees at the upcoming meeting.9.A crucial factor is that one witness’s evidence, though ____plausible____, may be rejected because it is contradicted by another witness whose evidence is already proved correct.10. Windsor Middle School has been famous for zero ___tolerance_____ to violence and emphasis on respect for its students and rules.It’s obvious that women have come a long way as successful professionals. Women in the workplace are 1) _____D. flourishing________ as an increased number of women have made their presence felt in many industries and professions. The sector of the female workforce has 2) _____J. expanded________ with more and more strength and thus has its 3) _______M. genuine_____ importance in the professional world.Whether they like it or not, men have to accept that women are marching up the management ladder confidently and 4) _______H. diplomatically________. Women used to be much more “quiet and passive”due to the relatively small number of female employees in 5) _____A. comparison_______ to males. Women today, on the other hand, have begun seeking their 6) ____O. administrative___________ positions by using all their powers of intelligence.Men are hierarchical and 7) ___F. jealous______ of the “beauty power” that allows women to get certain things based on their physical assets. Even though there is a(n) 8) _____L. dispute_____ whether many professional females got into positions of power by using their appearance to their advantage, the 9) ____I. valid____ fact is the majority of women have worked hard to achieve their desired success.Women were considered as 10) ______C. bystanders______ in the workplace for many years and it was believed that theonly jobs that they could handle were those of teachers or secretaries, but today’s women can not only hold their own positions in the workplace, but they also have the dual task of raising their families.1.I surely know it’s a good opportunity for us to invest in this housing project, but it all _____come down to____________ money in the end; that is, how much money we can afford to invest.2.Many people ________take exception to_______ this report because it may imply that women generally have a weaker character and are less responsible for their behavior.3.There have been big strikes all over the country due to the recent tax reform, but the Prime Minister has made it clear that he won’t _________make concessions to__________ the strikers.4.What surprised me was that she stared at me for a moment and then _____burst into_____ laughter suddenly.5.He would never ______feel at ease with____________ the French: He will never wear the right clothes, and he will never feel well on goose and red wine.6.Having expected that she would become the mistress of the household and have much more freedom after her marriage, she was now disappointed _____on both counts_________.7.Carl ___took over______ the duties and responsibilities of his father in running a manufacturing factory from an early age.8.Bob was popular with local soccer fans, but his popularity also _____stemmed from________ the fact that he made or scored vital goals when they were needed.1.Jim kicked the ball hard, and to his surprise it ___bounced ____ uncontrollably around shelves, desks and over piles of books.2.Learning to ____tolerate_____ a stranger’s habits may teach students flexibility and the art of compromise, but the learning process is often painful.3.In this area, women worked long hours, often by candlelight, to _______supplement_____ the low income their men earned for the family.4.Rather than ____condemn____ them, he wrote a column for that newspaper to offer support, declaring that political reform was the very concern of the masses.5.When she heard the news, tears _____overflowed_____ and ran back along her cheekbones to her ears, she turned away, pressing her right hand over her trembling lips.6.My friends, I ____swear___ by faith and conscience that what I would say is the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth.7.Almost any twin can tell you that while they ____resemble_____ their brother or sister and share the same DNA, there are many differences between them.8.Poverty is ____compounded________ by inflation which has reached extreme levels in the region, as demonstrated by the consumer price indices (消费者物价指数).9.As far as I’m concerned, some of the tourists in this group are ____disgusting_____ in what they do or say, but I don’t think it’s up to me to say so.10.The fact that many developing countries must __trim_____ money from public education as part of their debt-reduction plans creates further pressure on families.1.I am worried that many students may _______convert to_______ studying part time rather than full time, simply because they cannot afford to be full-time students.2.Dinah _____was revolted by____________ what the politician said to the audience, so after the politician had gone he was feeling much relieved.3.I’ve recently moved into a new apartment, which _____was comprised of___________ two bedrooms, a dinning-room, a sitting-room, a bathroom, and a kitchen.4.While she wrapped up some food in a cloth and gave it to the kids, her husband ______busied himself with______________ preparing coffee for them.5.Carol ______fussed over_____ her dress and hairstyle before she left for the evening party, but her husband couldn’t bear any more and shouted, “ Why are you always so nervous”6.7.8.What the young senator advocated ______is unique in_______ paying attention to unnoticed, but emotional components of social life which are often ignored by people.9.Youngsters get so absorbed in computer games that they don’t realize how much they’re _____exerting themselves_____________ in this virtual world.10.In modern factories, various kinds of machines are ___substituted for_________ not only unskilled workers but also skilled workers.。

Unit 5 The money gameSection A5-2 Text A: Spend or save – The student's dilemmaReading comprehension①1. Because when politicians encourage people to spend money to get out of the recession, they also advise people to save more. Similarly, when banks offer higher interest rates to increase savings they send credit card offers to let people spend more.2. People who don't pay the credit card bill on time are called failing consumers in trouble, and those who pay the credit card bill are called valued customers.3. Because they are regarded as the defender of morals and proper deeds. Schools are the places where students learn what is right and what is wrong. Parents are supposed to have the responsibilities to well behave their children. Politicians always try to impress people with their high moral standards.4. Because these permissive messages are everywhere we look and we are constantly surrounded by the advertisement that encourages people to spend.5. Because each advertisement is doing its utmost to influence people's buying decisions and provide information as to whatto buy, from breakfast cereal to vacation cruises.6. On one hand, people want to buy more things because they derive pleasure from treating themselves. On the other hand, they try to control their appetite and avoid falling into debt.7. They can go to financial literacy classes, consult with the school's financial aid office or seek input from parents or other respected adults. They can also find a partner to help them stay on track. Most importantly, when having financial troubles, they shouldn't feel embarrassed to ask for help to avoid more serious financial problems.8. Concerning money issues, we should be smart and educated, not affected by the contradicting messages from our environment. We should choose a suitable way of financial management according to our own conditions.②1. – Commercial advertisements to persuade people to buy their products, such as:• education-oriented advertisements that provide various courses to attract parents and students;• food and grocery advertisements to give on-sale information to their customers;• health training & maintenance advertisements designed to target different age groups to promote their fitness services;– Public service advertisements to stimulate the public interest and push them to take actions.2. • Offer discount prices.• Send giveaways.• Use new technologies such as online shopping• Compare with other merchandises.3. • I will spend because life is so short and I don't want to be thrifty or spend money carefully, which will drive me crazy.I only know I should enjoy my life while I'm still young and healthy.• I will save because with the worsening economic situation everywhere, I don't know what would happen to me in the future. To be responsible for myself, I have to save some money for the future.4. • When I don't have much pocket money with me.• When I want to buy something inexpensive but I can't afford it.• When I don't have money to hang out with my friends and classmates.• When I see many things I don't need surrounding me.5. • Record how much they have spent.• Try to use cash instead of credit card.• Withdraw only certain amount of money from bank.• Never borrow money from other people.• Only buy things they need.5-3 Text A: Language focusWords in use1.contradict2.paradox3.perspective4.explicit5.suspended6.derive7.defy8.retains9.manipulating 10.tackleWord building: Practice①1.browser 2.messenger 3.consume 4.negotiation5.objection6.reaction7.constitution8.cultivation9.definition 10.expansion 11.concentrate 12.civilize②1.concentrated 2.messenger 3.civilized 4.Constitution5.browser6.objection7.expansion8.consume9.definition 10.cultivation 11.reaction 12.negotiation Banked cloze1.dilemma2.explicit3.perspectives4.retain5.derive6.appetite7.option8.urgent9.suspend 10.manipulated Expressions in use1.referred to2.at odds with3.put off4.consulting with5.do their utmost6.took stock of7.on track8.take in5-4 Structure analysis & writingStructured writing: PracticeIt is often said that whatever wealth one may have will be gone quickly if the person only spends. However, some people think the purpose of life is to enjoy every moment, so they spend all they have earned. Even though Bryan and Peter are close friends, their spending habits are very different.Bryan is very careful about using his pocket money. He only spends money when it's necessary. For example, when his pocket money is only $50, he may spend $20 on necessary stationery for schoolwork. He will try to deposit the remaining $30 in his savings account. In his opinion, though the amount is small, it will help him for a possible rainy day since people never know what could happen in the future.Unlike Bryan, Peter usually spends money at will. He often purchases expensive electronic products such as an iPhone and an iPad. Sometimes, he might buy himself an expensivebrand-name shirt or a pair of expensive brand-name shoes. Different from Bryan, he never deposits extra money in a bank after meeting his basic needs. To him, saving money in a bank is something very silly because he believes that he can always earn big money after he gets a decent job in the future.All in all, Bryan and Peter are very different in the way theyspend money. Spending money wisely and saving extra money for future urgent needs enable students to manage their finance and fully concentrate on their study. They will also derive great pleasure from the way they handle their money.5-5 Translation①大发现年代，也被称为大勘探年代，是欧洲进行全球勘查的一个历史时期，始于15世纪初并一直持续到18世纪。

新视野三版读写 B2 U5 Text ASpend or save — The student's dilemma1 Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this question, "ShouldI spend or should I save?" I think that the messages we get from our environment seem to defy common sense and contradict each other. Thegovernment tel s us to spend or we'l never get out of the recession. At thesame time, they tel us that unless we save more, our country isin grave danger.Banks offer higher interest rates so we increase savings. Then the same banks send us credit card offers so we can spendmore.2 Here's another familiar example: If we don't pay our credit card bil on time,we get demanding, nasty emails from the credit card company sayingsomething like: "Your failure to pay is unacceptable. Pay immediately or you'lbe in trouble!" Then, as soon as we pay, we get a fol ow-up email in acharming tone tel ing us how valuable a customer we are and encouraging usto resume spending. Which depiction is correct: a failing consumer in troubleor a valued customer? The gap between these two messages is enormous.3 The paradox is that every day we get two sets of messages at odds witheach other. One is the "permissive" perspective, "Buy, spend, get it now. Youneed this!" The other we could cal an "upright" message, which urges us,"Work hard and save. Suspend your desires. Avoid luxuries. Control your appetite for more than you truly need." This message comes to us frommany sources: from school, from parents, even from political figures referringto "traditional values". Hard work, family loyalty, and the capacity to postponedesires are core American values that have made our country great. *4 B ut the opposite message, advertising's permissive message, is inescapable. Though sometimes disguised, the messages are everywhere welook: on TV, in movies on printed media and road signs, in stores, and onbuses, trains and subways.Advertisements invade our daily lives. We areconstantly surrounded by the message to spend, spend, spend. Someonerecently said, "The only time you can escape advertising is when you're in yourbed asleep!"5 It's been calculated that by the age of 18, the average American wil haveseen 600,000 ads; by the age of 40, the total is almost one mil ion. Eachadvertisement is doing its utmost to influence our diverse buying decisions,from the breakfast cereal we eat to which cruise line we wil use for ourvacation. There is no shortage of ideas and things to buy! Now, of course, wedon't remember exactly what the products were, but the essential messageis cemented into our consciousness, "It's good to satisfy your desires. Youshould have what you want. You deserve the best. So, you should buy it -now!" A famous advertisement said it perfectly, "I love me. I'm a good friend tomyself. I do what makes me feel good. I derive pleasure from nice things andfeel nourished by them. I used to put things off. Not anymore. Today I'l buynew ski equipment, look at new compact cars, and buy that camera I'vealways wanted. I live my dreams today, not tomorrow."6 What happens as we take in these contradictorybut explicit messages? What are the psychological and social consequencesof this campaign to control our spending habits? On one hand, we want morethings because we want to satisfy our material appetite. Most of us derivepleasure from treating ourselves. On the other hand, a little voice insideus echoes those upright messages: "Watch out, take stock of your life, don't letyour attention get scattered. Postpone your desires. Don't fal into debt.Wait! Retain control over your own life. It wil make you stronger."7 Anyway, many of the skil s you need as a successful student can be appliedto your finances. Consider your financial wel -beings a key ingredient of youruniversity education as money worries are extremely stressful and distracting. They can make you feel terrible and hinder your ability to focus onyour prime objective: successful y completing your education.*8 How can you be a smart and educated consumer? Many schools,community organizations, and even some banks offer financial literacyclasses. Consider consulting with your school's financial aid office orseek input from your parents or other respected adults in setting up a budget. An additional option is finding a partner to help you stay on track andfind pleasure in the administration of your own financial affairs. Mostimportantly, if you find yourself getting into financial trouble, don't letyour ego get in your way; urgently get help with tackling your problem before itspins out of control and lands you in legal troubles.9 Al this wil help you become an educated consumer and saver. As you learnto balance spending and saving, you wil become the captain of your own ship,steering your life in a successful and productive direction through the choppy waters.Language Points：1 Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this question, “Should Ispend or should I save?” (Para. 1)Meaning: When asking yourself whether you should spend or save, do you feel puzzledand control ed as I do?Meaning beyond words:According to the conventional concept, we are the master orthe boss of the money we have earned. It is up to us to decide how to use our money. However, the sentence gives us the hintthat we are actual y no longer in control of our money.2 I think that the messages we get from our environment seem to defy commonsense and contradict each other. (Para. 1)Meaning: In my opinion, the messages we get in our daily life about the question “ShouldI spend or should I save?” are against common sense and they often don’t agree witheach other.Usage note: defy, denydefy 和deny 都是及物动词，词形相近，但实际上两者词义有别，用法也不同。