促凋亡基因p53AIP1的研究进展
- 格式:pdf
- 大小:156.35 KB
- 文档页数:3
p53蛋白在细胞凋亡中的作用机制研究共3篇p53蛋白在细胞凋亡中的作用机制研究1p53蛋白在细胞凋亡中的作用机制研究细胞凋亡是一种基本的生物学过程,它对细胞分化、组织发育、免疫防御等生理功能具有十分重要的作用。
p53蛋白作为细胞凋亡的重要调节因子,被广泛研究,其作用机制在细胞凋亡过程中起着关键性的调控作用。
本文从p53的基本结构及功能出发,介绍了其在细胞凋亡调控中的作用机制。
p53是一个非常重要的转录因子,在细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡过程中发挥着关键作用。
它主要由四个域组成,即N末端域、可变域、核心域和C末端域。
其中,核心域由序列比较保守的DNA结合域和与DNA结合有关的顺式作用区块(SEQ)构成。
p53基因突变与肿瘤的形成和发展密切相关,它拥有对DNA的破坏性修复和转录调控作用,因此在维持细胞基本稳态的过程中起着重要的调控作用。
在细胞凋亡过程中,p53通过不同的途径,参与调控DNA损伤、细胞周期及细胞凋亡等基本生理活动。
(一)p53在细胞凋亡调控中的作用机制1. p53与DNA双链断裂的修复机制p53在细胞凋亡中通过激活DNA损伤响应基因,参与DNA修复和损伤监测,从而达到细胞自我修复的目的。
p53修复DNA双链断裂的方式主要有三种:通过启动核苷酸切割酶1(NUC1)活化于Deoxycytidine kinase(DCK)的损失,从而激活合成能力低下的核酸合成酶、通过诱导Noxa,调控细胞周期检查点G1阶段,抑制细胞的有性复制。
2. p53的调节作用p53可以通过上调或下调细胞自身的分泌刺激分子来参与细胞凋亡调控,如上调自身表达,强化p53的转录调控作用;下调瘤基因BNP,增强细胞凋亡。
此外,p53还通过增强ATM的磷酸化活性及ATM介导的细胞周期调控突触家族和抑制性分子p21的表达,达到了诱导细胞凋亡的目的。
3. p53在细胞凋亡中的负反馈调控作用p53表达上调会引起DNA损伤,同时还可能起到细胞凋亡的抑制作用。
百度文库- 让每个人平等地提升自我!p53基因调控研究的新进展朱荻绮陈敏审阅李稻上海第二医科大学病理生理学教研室200025摘要p53作为抑癌基因,其激活与调控机制的研究是近年的热点。
DNA受损等应激信号可活化p53,诱导细胞周期调控和细胞凋亡为主的多种细胞学反应,而MDM2、YY1等作为p53的负反馈调控因子,控制p53过度活化。
近来发现,p53可上调p21基因表达产物p21WAF1蛋白使细胞周期阻滞于G1期;同时,激活GADD45参与对G2的阻滞;亦可通过caspasee介导的ERK2/MAPK的细胞裂解通路抑制细胞增殖。
另外,p53通过BH3-only蛋白激活Bax、正调控puma和noxa、抑制Bcl-2等多种途径共同诱导细胞凋亡,p53家族成员p63和p73也参与p53诱导的凋亡过程。
关键词细胞周期;凋亡;p53;p21;Bcl-2;MDM2p53 属于抑癌基因家族,位于染色体17p13.1,基因全长16~20kb,含11个外显子,2~11外显子编码分子量为53kD的p53核内磷酸化蛋白。
正常野生型p53活化后可诱导多种细胞生物学行为,如调控细胞周期、诱导细胞凋亡、细胞分化、细胞衰老、DNA修复,以及抑制血管生成等。
在细胞周期中,p53蛋白通过阻止G1期细胞进入S 期,使受损的DNA或染色体有时间得以修复;若DNA或染色体损伤过于严重时,p53能触发凋亡机制清除受损的细胞。
近来,p53研究的热点集中在自身表达、细胞周期调控和诱导细胞凋亡。
1.p53基因调控p53基因受多种信号因子的调控,其中较为重要的负反馈调控因子是MDM2。
MDM2是一种对p53特效的E3泛素连接酶,为原癌基因mdm2的基因产物。
mdm2是一种进化的保守基因,具有转录因子功能,其编码的基因产物能与p53 结合,使p53介导的反式激活、抑制细胞增殖和诱导凋亡的作用受抑制,解除细胞G1期的阻滞并重新进入细胞周期[1]。
研究表明,尽管p53蛋白只在核内发挥作用,但其从核内向外移出可能依赖MDM2途径的调控。
细胞凋亡与免疫治疗研究新进展随着时间的推移,科学家们对于人类身体的了解也越来越深入。
在研究的过程中,他们发现了许多能够引起各种疾病的病因以及潜在的治疗方法。
其中,细胞凋亡和免疫治疗是目前研究较为火热的领域之一。
经过多年的探索,科学家们取得了一些重要的新进展。
一、细胞凋亡细胞凋亡是指细胞主动死亡的过程,它是细胞自身所具有的一种重要自我保护机制。
通过凋亡,能够将有损基因和病原体清除掉,从而保持身体的健康,避免疾病的发生。
现代医学已经利用细胞凋亡的机制,研究出了对疾病治疗有重要价值的药物,如癌症治疗药物以及抗炎药等。
然而,虽然细胞凋亡是细胞自身的生物学过程,但它经常被无法控制的因素所影响,甚至成为疾病的一个因素。
例如,某些疾病的患者可能会出现过多的细胞凋亡,导致重大的组织和器官损害。
因此,研究细胞凋亡机制,并开发与细胞凋亡相关的药物,对于预防和治疗某些疾病具有重要意义。
最近,研究人员发现肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)可以促进癌细胞凋亡,从而有效阻止了肿瘤细胞的生长。
这项研究还发现,把TNF与某些其他治疗技术联合使用,可以产生更好的抗癌效果,这为癌症治疗开发提供了新的思路。
二、免疫治疗免疫治疗是指利用人体自身的免疫系统来攻击癌症细胞的治疗方法。
它区别于传统的放疗和化疗,它是一种更加针对性和精准的治疗方式。
在过去的几年里,随着免疫学知识的不断深入,免疫治疗在临床应用中得到了越来越多的关注。
最近,研究人员发现,一种叫做“白血病关键蛋白1”(LKP1)的分子,可以在肿瘤细胞中诱导免疫反应,从而提高免疫治疗的效果。
同时,这种分子对于某些实体瘤(如前列腺癌、乳腺癌等)的生长和转移也起到了一定程度的抑制作用。
这个发现为免疫治疗的研究和应用提供了一个全新的突破口。
与此同时,免疫治疗领域也出现了一些新型的药物。
比如,PD-1抗体和CTLA-4抗体,被誉为“肿瘤免疫治疗的双子星”。
这两种药物分别作用于肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞上,旨在通过增强机体免疫系统的作用,消灭癌症细胞。
p53正向凋亡调控因子(PUMA)在吉西他滨诱导胰腺癌细胞凋亡过程中的作用曲恒怡【摘要】目的研究吉西他滨体外对人胰腺癌AsPC-1细胞生长的作用机制.方法用脂质体转染法将PUMA反义核酸(反义PUMA cDNA)的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-PUMAAS和空载体pcDNA3.1-导入AsPC-1细胞,G418筛选阳性细胞,获得稳定转染的阳性克隆.将转染载体的AsPC-1阳性克隆细胞和未转染载体的AsPC-1细胞分别暴露于浓度1、5、10和15mol/L的吉西他滨中作用72h..RT-PCR和Western blotting检测不同组细胞经吉西他滨作用72h后的PUMA表达;MTT检测细胞生长抑制,流式细胞仪(FCM)检测细胞凋亡,Hoechst 33258荧光染色法和末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法检测细胞的凋亡.结果吉西他滨促进AsPC-1细胞凋亡,抑制细胞生长,并有明显的剂量依赖性,在细胞凋亡的同时伴有PUMA表达的上调;当细胞转染PUMA反义核酸抑制PUMA表达后,受吉西他滨作用的细胞出现PUMA蛋白表达明显降低,同时伴有细胞凋亡的抑制及细胞的明显增殖.结论吉西他滨促进体外AsPC-1细胞凋亡,并抑制其生长,其诱导凋亡与上调PUMA有关.【期刊名称】《中国医药指南》【年(卷),期】2010(008)001【总页数】3页(P50-52)【关键词】胰腺癌;吉西他滨;凋亡;p53正向凋亡调控因子【作者】曲恒怡【作者单位】滨州医学院附属烟台市牟平人民医院消化内科,264100【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R735.9p53正向凋亡调控因子(PUMA)是p53下游的细胞凋亡促进因子[1,2]。
最近研究提示,胰腺癌组织中PUMA表达缺失,PUMA表达缺失组织存在细胞凋亡的阻滞[3],而增加细胞内PUMA表达后,体外胰腺癌细胞的生长明显被抑制[4]。
因此,诱导或恢复细胞内PUMA蛋白表达可能是胰腺癌治疗的重要方法。
凋亡相关基因及其调控机制细胞凋亡是维持机体正常运转的重要过程之一,也是防止肿瘤等疾病发生的重要保障。
而凋亡过程中,许多基因发挥着至关重要的作用。
本文将介绍几种常见的凋亡相关基因及其调控机制。
一、p53基因p53是一种重要的肿瘤抑制蛋白,它参与调控基因转录、DNA修复、细胞周期等多个生物学过程,同时也是细胞凋亡调控的重要分子。
当细胞遭遇DNA损伤或其他异常情况时,p53能够通过DNA结合结构域识别相关序列,激活其下游基因的表达,从而引起细胞凋亡。
除了直接通过DNA结合作用识别和调控基因表达之外,p53基因还可以通过多种途径调控凋亡过程。
例如,p53直接调节细胞凋亡信号通路的其他关键分子的表达,如Bax、Puma等,从而诱导细胞凋亡。
此外,p53基因还能够通过影响凋亡相关蛋白的修饰、稳定性等方式影响凋亡过程。
例如,研究发现,p53能够调控Bcl-2蛋白的磷酸化和稳定性,从而抑制其抗凋亡作用。
二、Bcl-2基因家族Bcl-2基因家族是一组广泛存在于哺乳动物细胞中的重要凋亡调控基因,包括Bcl-2、Bax、Bcl-xl等多个成员。
Bcl-2蛋白是一种抗凋亡蛋白,其表达能够阻止其它促凋亡分子(如Bax、Bid等)的发挥作用,防止细胞凋亡。
与Bcl-2相反,Bax蛋白则是一种促凋亡蛋白,其表达能够促进细胞内线粒体透性转化和细胞凋亡。
Bcl-xl蛋白则类似于Bcl-2,在许多情况下有着与Bcl-2相似的抗凋亡作用。
Bcl-2家族成员的调控机制也非常复杂,其中包括基因表达、蛋白修饰、蛋白稳定性等多种方式。
例如,细胞内的一些激素和生长因子可以通过信号通路的途径调控Bcl-2家族成员的表达,从而影响细胞的凋亡敏感性。
三、Caspase家族Caspase家族是细胞凋亡信号通路中长链蛋白酶的一类,其中包括活化氨基酸底物特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶(caspase-8、caspase-9)和执行氨基酸底物特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶(caspase-3、caspase-7)等。
P53凋亡刺激蛋白1在完全性葡萄胎中的表达及意义郝志敏;朱虹【摘要】目的探讨P53凋亡刺激蛋白1(ASPP1)在正常绒毛组织及葡萄胎中的表达,分析其与葡萄胎恶变的相关性。
方法选择50例完全性葡萄胎组织作为研究组,正常早孕绒毛组50例作为对照组,采用免疫组化Envision二步法检测ASPP1蛋白的表达,回顾性分析病例组临床病理资料,判断ASPP1与葡萄胎恶变及高危因素的相关性。
结果ASPP1主要表达于细胞滋养细胞及中间型滋养细胞的细胞质及细胞膜。
完全性葡萄胎组中ASPP1强表达率明显低于正常早孕绒毛组(χ2=11.63,P<0.05),恶变葡萄胎ASPP1强表达率与非恶变葡萄胎比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=5.25,P<0.05)。
ASPP1蛋白表达与子宫体积大小、血HCG值均呈负相关(r分别=-0.36、-0.31, P均<0.05),而ASPP1蛋白表达与葡萄胎患者的年龄及有无合并卵巢黄素化囊肿无明显相关性(r分别=-0.10、-0.05, P均>0.05)。
轻度增生葡萄胎ASPP1强表达率均分别明显高于中度增生和重度增生(χ2分别=4.82、6.44,P均<0.05),中度增生与重度增生之间ASPP1强表达率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.04,P>0.05)。
结论 ASPP1可能通过诱导凋亡在葡萄胎的发病机制及葡萄胎恶变中发挥作用,有可能作为判断预后的参考指标之一。
%Objective To explore apoptosis stimulating protein 1 (ASPP1) expression in complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) and normal early pregnant villous and assess the association between ASPP1 expression and CHM malignant trans-formation. Methods The expressions of ASPP1 protein in 50 complete hydatidiform moles and 50 normal pregnant villous were detected by the method of Envision immunohistochemistry. Their clinicalpathological data were retrospectivelyana-lyzed to identify the relevance between ASPP1 expression and CHM malignancy and its high risk factors. Results ASPP1 immunoreactivity was predominantly found in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of the villous cytotrophoblasts and interme-diate trophoblasts. The expression of ASPP1 protein was significantly lower in CHM than that in normal early pregnant vil-lous(χ2=11.63,P<0.05). The expression of ASPP1 protein in CHM with malignant transformation was significantly lower than that in CHM with non-malignant trans formation (χ2=5.25,P<0.05). The expression of ASPP1 protein was negatively correlated to uterus size and HCG value(r=-0.36,-0.30,P<0.05) while not related with age and theca lutein ovarian cyst (r=-0.10,-0.05,P>0.05). The expression of ASPP1 protein in CHM with mild hyperplasia of trophoblast was significantly higher than that in CHM with moderate and severe hyperplasia of trophoblast (χ2=4.82, 6.44, P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference between mediate and severe hyperplasia of trophoblast (χ2=0.04,P>0.05). Conclusion Down-regu-lation of ASPP1 may be involved in the pathogenesis and progress of CHM, probably through its effect on apoptosis. It can be as the reference index of prognosis.【期刊名称】《全科医学临床与教育》【年(卷),期】2015(000)001【总页数】4页(P11-14)【关键词】凋亡;凋亡刺激蛋白1;妊娠滋养细胞疾病【作者】郝志敏;朱虹【作者单位】315000 浙江宁波,宁波大学医学院附属医院妇产科;315000 浙江宁波,宁波大学医学院附属医院妇产科【正文语种】中文[Abstract]ObjectiveTo explore apoptosis stimulating protein 1(ASPP1)expression in complete hydatidiform mole(CHM)and normal early pregnant villous and assess the association between ASPP1 expression and CHM malignant transformation.MethodsThe expressions of ASPP1 protein in 50 complete hydatidiform moles and 50 normal pregnant villous were detected by the method of Envision immunohistochemistry.Their clinicalpathological data were retrospectively analyzed to identify the relevance between ASPP1 expression and CHM malignancy and its high risk factors.ResultsASPP1 immunoreactivity was predominantly found in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of the villous cytotrophoblasts and intermediate trophoblasts.The expression of ASPP1 protein was significantly lower in CHM than that in normal early pregnant villous(χ2=11.63,P<0.05).The expression of ASPP1 protein in CHM with malignant transformation was significantly lower than that in CHM with non-malignant transformation(χ2=5.25,P<0.05).The expression of ASPP1 protein was negatively correlated to uterus size and HCG value(r=-0.36,-0.30,P<0.05)while not related with age and theca lutein ovarian cyst(r=-0.10,-0.05,P>0.05).The expression of ASPP1 protein in CHM with mild hyperplasia of trophoblast was significantly higher than that inCHM with moderate and severe hyperplasia of trophoblast(χ2=4.82,6.44,P<0.05),but there was no statistical difference between mediate and severe hyperplasia of trophoblast(χ2=0.04,P>0.05).ConclusionDown-regulation of ASPP1 may be involved in the pathogenesis and progress of CHM,probably through its effect on apoptosis.It can be as the reference index of prognosis.[Key words]apoptotic activity;apoptosis stimulating protein 1;gestational trophoblastic disease葡萄胎是一种良性疾病,却有一定的恶性潜能,多数葡萄胎在吸宫术后病灶自然消退,然而仍有10%~20%葡萄胎会进展成妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤而需要化疗[1]。
分类号R735.7 密级公开学号1002010153学校代码 90031博士学位论文APE1激活突变型p53及其在肝癌放疗抵抗中的协同作用∗寸艳萍指导教师王 东 教授导师组成员王东 仲召阳 杨雪琴培养单位第三军医大学第三附属医院肿瘤科申请学位类别博士学术学位 专业名称肿瘤学论文提交日期2013年5月论文答辩日期2013年5月答辩委员会主席丁彦青评阅人朱波 王东林 张贺龙 毕锋 伍钢二〇一三年五月∗本课题受国家自然科学基金(No.30872975)资助。
目录缩略语表 (1)英文摘要 (3)中文摘要 (8)论文正文APE1激活突变型p53及其在肝癌放疗抵抗中的协同作用 (13)第一章前言 (13)第二章 mtp53癌基因特性及其与肝癌放疗敏感性的关系 (16)2.1 材料与方法 (16)2.2 结 果 (29)2.3 讨 论 (35)第三章APE1在mtp53肝癌细胞株放射治疗中的作用 (38)3.1 材料与方法 (38)3.2 结 果 (44)3.3 讨 论 (51)第四章APE1对mtp53 R249S作用的机制研究 (53)4.1 材料与方法 (53)4.2 结 果 (58)4.3 讨 论 (65)第五章 Ad5/F35-APE1siRNA增强mtp53肝癌放疗敏感性的动物实验研究 (69)5.1 材料与方法 (69)5.2 结 果 (73)5.3 讨 论 (80)全文结论 (82)参考文献 (83)文献综述 (90)研究生期间发表论文情况 (105)致谢 (106)缩略语表英文缩写 英文全称 中文全称AI Apoptosis index凋亡指数 APE1Apurinic apyrimidinic endonuclease 脱嘌呤脱嘧啶核酸内切酶 BERBase excision repair 碱基切除修复 BSABovine serum albumin 牛血清白蛋白 cDNA complementaryDNA 互补DNA DAB Diaminobenzidine二氨基联苯胺 DMSO Dimethylsulfoxide 二甲基亚砜 DNA Deoxyribonucleicacid 脱氧核糖核苷酸 DTT Dithiothreitol二硫苏糖醇 EDTAEthylene dianinetraccetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸 EGFPEnhance Green Fluorescent Protein 加强绿色荧光蛋白 EMSA ElectrophoreticMobility Shift Assay 凝胶电泳迁移实验 FCM Flowcytometry 流式细胞分析 FCSFetal calf serum 胎牛血清 FITC Fluoresceinisothiocyanate 异硫氰酸荧光素 h hour小时 HCC hepatocellularcarcinoma 肝细胞肝癌 HRP Horseradishperoxidase 辣根过氧化酶 IR IonizingRadiation 电离辐射 KD Kilo-doltons千道尔顿 LB Luria-bertaniLB 培养基 min Minute分钟 MOI multiplicityof infection 效靶比 MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide 3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑嗅盐 NP-40 NonidetP-40 非离子型去污剂OD Opticaldensity 光密度PBS Phosphate buffered saline 磷酸盐缓冲液PCR polymerase chain reaction 聚合酶链式反应PFA Polyformaldehydum 多聚甲醛PI Propidiumiodide 碘化丙锭acid 核糖核酸RNA Ribonucleicminute 转/分rpm revolutionsperSDS sodium dodecyl sulphate 十二烷基硫酸钠sec second 秒siRNA Small interfering RNA 小干扰RNATEMED tetramethylethylenediamine 四甲基乙二胺TUNEL TdT-mediated biotin-dUTP nick-endTdT介导dUTP缺口末端标记labellingμl Microlitre 微升APE1 activates mutant p53 and its role in radioresistanceof hepatocellular carcinomaAbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant diseases with 600,000 new cases reported each year worldwide, and more than 50% of the new HCC cases and deaths have occurred in China. Although aggressive surgery offers significant rates of cure, only 15% of patients are eligible for optimal resection at diagnosis. The efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for HCC remain disappointing. Radiotherapy represents a major therapeutic option for HCC patients, but the efficacy of this therapy is limited by intrinsic radioresistance of the tumor cells. Ionizing radiation (IR) can result in lethal cell damage, which is correlated with DNA damage induction and repair. The activity of the DNA damage repair pathway is the major factor leading to radioresistance in tumors, including hepatoma. DNA-repair systems play an important role in protecting the genomic stabilization and integrity. However, an elevated DNA repair capacity in tumor cells is associated with drug or radiation resistance.The human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (here-after, APE1) is a key enzyme in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway, which plays a critical role in repairing DNA damaged by irradiation. In addition to its DNA repair function, APE1 maintains a number of transcriptional factors including p53 by both redox-dependent and -independent mechanisms in their reduced and active state, thereby regulating their DNA-binding activity, influencing gene expression and maintaining genomic stability. As known that, the p53 gene is mutated in approximately 50% of hepatoma cells. In our previous study, we found APE1 high expression was associated with mutp53 status. The inhibition rate of Ad5/F35-APE1 siRNA+Ad5- wtp53+IR group was higher than that of Ad5-wtp53+IR group. These suggest that APE1 acts with mtp53 to regulate the radioresistance of HCC. APE1 can enhance the DNA-binding activity of wtp53 by redox-dependent and independent mechanisms. Moreover, the redox–independent activation of wtp53 is due to a regulatory interaction of APE1 with thep53 C-terminal regulatory domain (CRD), which is intact in most of the frequently encountered mutp53 proteins, containing the most common R249S mutation in HCC. In this study, we detect the impact of APE1 regulation on mtp53 and the possible mechanism to elucidate the mechanisms of HCC radioresistance and provide new evidences for HCC therapyObjective1.To investigate the “gain of function” oncogenic effect of mtp53 and explore its correlation with radiosensitivity of HCC in vitro;2.To investigate the inhibitory effects of Ad5/F35-APE1 siRNA combined with radiotherapy on human HCC cells in vitro.3.To investigate the mechanism of regulatory role of APE1 on mtp53;4.To investigate the inhibitory impacts of Ad5/F35-APE1 siRNA combined with radiotherapy on HCC xenografts with p53 mutation.Materials and Methods1.The oncogenic effect of mtp53 and its correlation with radiosensitivity of HCC: The radiosensitivity of human HCC cell lines with different p53 status (HepG2, wtp53; Hep3B, p53-/-; MHCC97L,mtp53) was detected by MTT assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry analysis; Hep3B was infected with pCMV-wtp53 or pCMV-mtp53 R249S, then the radiosensitivity was also detected.2.The regulation effects of APE1 on mtp53 R249S: The human HCC HepG2, Hep3B and MHCC97L cells were infected with Ad5/F35-APE1 siRNA or Ad5/F35-EGFP, then the radiosensitivity was detected by MTT assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry analysis; Meanwhile, Western Blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect APE1、P53 and P21 protein and mRNA expression.3.The mechanism of regulatory role of APE1 on mtp53: The p53 response element of the p21Waf1-promoter (p53-RE) was prepared either in its linear form or in a stem loop conformation. EMSA was used to detect the DNA binding activity of latent and reduced mtp53 R249Son P53RE-Iine and p53RE-structure; Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were performed to analyze the DNA binding affinity of p53 to the p21 promoter region of its downstream genes.4.Study of inhibitory impacts of Ad5/F35-APE1 siRNA combined with radiotherapy on HCC xenografts with p53 mutation: Nude mice hepatocarcinoma xenograft model was established by using human HCC HepG2 and MHCC97L cell lines. There are four groups: Ad5/F35-EGFP control group, Ad5/F35-APE1 siRNA group, Ad5/F35-EGFP+IR group and Ad5/F35-APE1 siRNA+IR group. We measured the tumor volumes and plotted the tumor growth curves. The tumor growth inhibition ratio was observed by Ki-67 immunohisto- chemistry. Apoptosis index was detected by using TUNEL.Results1.The oncogenic effect of mtp53 and its correlation with radiosensitivity of HCC: HepG2、Hep3B and MHCC97L cells were irradiated with different doses of X ray, and then the radiosensitivity was detected. After irradiation, the cell survival and colony formation rate was decreased , and tumor cells apoptosis was increased in a dose-dependent manner; at same dose of X ray, the cell survival and colony formation rate of MHCC97L was higher than that of HepG2 and Hep3B cells, and the apoptosis rate of MHCC97L was lower than two cell lines;the cell survival and colony formation rate of Hep3B was higher than that of HepG2 at the same dose of radiation.Hep3B were infected with pCMV-wtp53 and pCMV-mtp53, and then irradiated with X ray. The cell survival and colony formation rate was decreased, and tumor cells apoptosis was increased in a dose-dependent manner; at the same dose of X ray, the cell survival and colony formation rate was pCMV-mtp53 group>non-infection group>pCMV-wtp53 group, and apoptosis rate was pCMV-wtp53 group> non-infection group > pCMV-mtp53 group.2.The regulation effects of APE1 on mtp53 R249S:HepG2、Hep3B and MHCC97L were infected with Ad5/F35-APE1 siRNA or Ad5/F35-EGFP; and then irradiated with X ray. The cell survival and colony formation rate decreased, apoptosis rate increased in a dose-dependent manner after irradiation. At the same dose of irradiation, the cell survival and colony formation rate in Ad5/F35-APE1 siRNA group was much higher, and the apoptosis rate was lower, compared with Ad5/F35-EGFP group.After irradiation, the expression of APE1 protein increased in a dose-dependent manner, and reached the highest level at 6 Gee dose. HepG2 and MHCC97L cells were infected withAd5/F35-APE1 siRNA or Ad5/F35-EGFP, and irradiated with 6 Gy X-ray. Western Blot was performed to detect the protein expression of APE1、P53 and P21. Ad5/F35-APE1 siRNA could inhibit irradiation-induced APE1 expression in both HepG2 and MHCC97L cells. Ad5/F35-APE1 siRNA also suppressed irradiation-induced WTP53 and P21 protein expressions in HepG2 cells. Silencing of APE1 inhibited irradiation-induced MTP53 protein expression in MHCC97L cells, but no P21 protein was found.3.The mechanism of regulatory role of APE1 on mtp53:Reduced wtp53 bound effectively to p53RE-line and p53RE-structure, but reduced mtp53 bound to nonlinear DNA, not to linear DNA. APE1 stimulated wtp53 DNA binding to linear and nonlinear DNA, and promoted mutant p53 DNA binding to nonlinear DNA.WTAPE1 enhanced the p21 DNA activity, p21 mRNA and protein expression in HepG2 cells, whereas Ad5/F35-APE1 siRNA inhibited them. WTAPE1 could enhance p21 DNA activity in MHCC97L cells, but not p21 mRNA and protein expression; Knowdown of APE1 suppressed the p21 DNA binding activity, but not p21 mRNA and protein expression.4.Study of inhibitory impacts of Ad5/F35-APE1 siRNA combined with radiotherapy on HCC xenografts with p53 mutation: The tumor growth inhibition ratio and apoptosis index in Ad5/F35-APE1 siRNA+IR group were significantly higher, compared with the Ad5/F35- EGFP control group, Ad5/F35-APE1 siRNA group and Ad5/F35-EGFP+IR group. There was no significant difference of the tumor growth inhibition ratio and apoptosis index in Ad5/F35- APE1 siRNA group and Ad5/F35-EGFP+IR group, but it was higher than in control group.Conclusion1.The radiosensitivity of human HCC cell lines was HepG2>Hep3B>MHCC97L; After infection with pCMV-wtp53 and pCMV-mtp53 in Hep3B cells, the radiosensitivity was pCMV-wtp53 > non-infection group > pCMV-mtp53 group. These results indicated that mtp53 was related to radioresistance of HCC.2.Ad5/F35-APE1 siRNA can enhance the radiosensitivity of HCC cell lines; APE1 may act with Mtp53 protein, activate the p53 down scream gene, but not p21 gene, exert the cooperative effect on radioresistance of HCC.3.Reduced Mtp53 bound strongly and specifically to nonlinear DNA; APE1 stimulated mutant p53 DNA binding to nonlinear DNA.4.The combination of Ad5/F35-APE1 siRNA and radiotherapy can significantly inhibit the growth of HCC cells, and promote apoptosis of tumor cells. Therefore, combine gene therapy targeting APE1 with radiotherapy may be a promising new approach for treatment of unresectable HCC in the future.Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma; apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease; wild-type p53; mutant p53; radiotherapy; gene therapy; DNA damage and repair; radiosensitivity; radioresistantAPE1激活突变型p53及其在肝癌放疗抵抗中的协同作用∗摘要肝癌是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,每年有600,000新发病例,并且超过50%的新发病例和死亡发生在中国。
p53蛋白家族与细胞凋亡的研究进展作者:白金来源:《科学与财富》2014年第01期摘要:细胞凋亡也称为程序性细胞死亡,是多细胞有机体为保持自身组织的稳定,调控自身细胞的增殖和死亡之间的平衡,由基因控制的细胞主动性死亡过程。
是当前生命科学研究的热门领域之一。
它以质膜发泡、细胞质固缩、核染色体裂解和调亡小体的形成为特征,因此与病理情况下的细胞坏死有本质的区别。
近年来随着对细胞凋亡领域的深入研究,许多机制正在逐步阐明,并发现了许多重要的信号分子和信号事件,如p53、Bcl-2,家族、线粒体通透性的改变、细胞素C等。
关键词:p53蛋白家族;细胞凋亡引言在细胞凋亡过程中,p53蛋白起着至关重要的作用,它分为野生和突变两型。
野生型p53是一个肿瘤抑制蛋白,其本质是一种核磷酸蛋白,它参与DNA的修复和复制过程,p53肿瘤抑制因子将来自细胞应激反应的各种信息,如DNA损伤、缺氧、核苷酸缺失等信号传递给相关基因以诱导细胞周期停滞和细胞凋亡。
p53的表达水平和功能的精细调控对细胞的正常生长和发育是非常重要的。
突变型p53基因失去抑癌基因功能,并且与野生型p53结合成复合物,抑制p53基因功能,导致细胞异常增殖[1]、[2],参与肿瘤形成。
但对p53为野生型而产生肿瘤的确切机制,到目前还不是很清楚,而ASSPP 家族的发现对这一机制有了更深入的研究。
ASSPP是一个蛋白质家族,其成员有ASPP1、ASPP2、iASPP 三个。
它们与p53形成复合物后,对p53诱导细胞凋亡有不同的作用。
1 p53蛋白家族结构和功能1.1 p53结构人类p53基因定位于17p13.1,长度约20Kb,由11个外显子和10内含子组成,第1个外显子不编码,外显子2、4、5、7、8分别编码5个进化上高度保守的结构域,这个高度保守区为13-19.117-142.171-192.236-258.270-286编码区。
人p53蛋白由393个氨基酸组成,分子量为53×103。
·19·维持基因组序列信息的完整性对于生物体的存在至关重要,细胞应对各种类型损伤因子所导致的DNA损伤主要是通过激活复杂而精细的DNA 损伤应答 (DNA damage response,DDR ) 通路[1]。
具有细胞毒性的双链断裂损伤 (double strand breaks,DSBs ) 是最为严重的DNA损伤形式之一,未得到正确处理的DSBs除可增加细胞的致死率外,还会增加· 论著 ·DNA损伤修复通路因子53BP1在骨髓干细胞自我更新和分化发育中的作用尤放,王美莲(中国医科大学基础医学院病原生物学教研室,沈阳 110122) 摘要 目的 探讨DNA 损伤修复通路因子53BP1在骨髓干细胞自我更新及定向分化过程中发挥的作用。
方法 构建53BP1全身敲除C57/6小鼠模型,免疫荧光染色检测53BP1在细胞中的定位,Western blotting 对53BP1蛋白表达水平进行检测及鉴定;流式细胞术进行细胞分选和计数、细胞周期检测、以及细胞表面分子marker 分析,对比WT 组和Mut 组细胞生长速率以及定向分化过程,Co -IP 检测分析表观遗传学磷酸化修饰蛋白,SPSS 22.0对数据进行统计学分析。
结果 体内和体外实验证实伴随KSL 细胞分化发育进行,53BP1表达含量显著增加,53BP1基因敲除可影响KSL 细胞的自我更新和定向分化以及表面分子标记的表达;53BP1基因敲除与否并不显著影响处于细胞周期G 1/G 0的KSL 细胞百分含量;53BP1可影响磷酸化修饰蛋白的表达水平,53BP1基因敲除后磷酸化修饰蛋白p -H4 (k20) 和p -H3 (k79) 表达水平明显增加,但p -ATM 和p -53-Ser -20含量显著减少。
结论 53BP1参与并影响骨髓干细胞的自我更新及定向分化过程,53BP1基因敲除可显著影响磷酸化蛋白p -H4 (k20)、p -H3 (k79)、p -ATM 和p -53-Ser -20的表达水平。