书面表达讲解与训练——图表类写作
一. 教学内容：
书面表达讲解与训练——图表类写作
［如何写图表作文］
图表作文多以说明文和议论文为主，要求考生根据所给的图表、数据及标题进行分析、研究，阅读其中的文字和说明，弄清各种信息之间的关系，提炼和确定出文章的中心思想。
然后进行分析、概括和归纳。注意：1）图表和数据内容不必全部描述。2）善于抓住总的规律，趋势，归纳增减率。3）时态：特定时间用过去时。经常出现的情况或自己的评述用一般现在
数字表：曲线图(line graph) 表格(table)
图形表：饼状图(pie chart) 条状图(bar chart)
［常见的表达用语］
短语:
上升
go up to/ climb to/ increase to/ rise to/jump to
The population of this city has been increasing so rapidly that it has now amounted to 250 million.
There was a rapid increase between 1993 and 1994, and the number then jumped to five million in 1995.
保持没变
remain; not change
The number of fires in each month remained the same.
下降
fall to; go down to; decrease; drop to; decline;
In comparison with that in 1988, the percentage of peak points decreased by 30%.
The number of South American travelers increased slightly and the number of visitors from Europe declined slightly.
句式：
The table shows (indicates) that a great number of people spent their holidays traveling abroad.
As we can see from the graph that the rate dropped slightly from 38% in 1993 to 31% in 2003.…
From the table we can find out that only 35% of the people have taken in physical activiti es.…
According to Chart I,the number was ten times as many as in 1995.
Compared with the boys, the girls show more interested in chatting.
The number of the boys playing games is much larger than that of the girls.
...is equal to that of...
It doubled the number of last year.
结束语
As can be seen from the chart that, only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities.…
As is shown in the chart, the production last month rose so significantly…
As is described in the chart, the total number of visitors to the United States had nearly doubled to 2.7 million person by 1974.
After giving a careful consideration to the problem, I think I will be able to select the one who best fits the position.
It is clear from the chart that as incomes increase people can afford to live more comfortably and
eat well.
Therefore, we need to educate our children, warning them of the dangers of playing with matches.
In conclusion, the upward trends suggest that more and more computer users will have access to Internet in the future.
In summary, smoking increased three different times and declined twice, with the last downward trend still continuing.
［常用连接词］
To move to the next major point: what’s more, in addition, besi des, furthermore.
To contrast a point: on the contrary, on the other hand, nevertheless, however, yet.
To conclude a point: consequently, as a result, in other words, in short, accordingly.
To emphasize a point: without doubt, chiefly, as a matter of fact, in fact.
【典型例题】
［图表类作文分析与讲解］
例1. 2004 北京高考
某学校对中学生课余活动进行了调查，结果如下。请根据图表1提供的信息描述学生每天的课余活动，并针对图表2中任何一个数据中反映的情况写出你的一个看法。词数不少于60。
生词：图表chart
例文：Chart 1 shows the daily average amount of time the students of the school spend on different after-class activities. The students put the most time－93 minutes－into their homework, and next in line is watching TV, which takes up 46 minutes. They put in about the same amount of time listening to music and working on the computer, 34 minutes and 30 minutes each. While 25 minutes is spent on sports, only 12 minutes goes into housework.
As is shown on Chart 2, only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities. I think the school should encourage the students to do more exercise after class. This way, they may be healthier and more energetic.
·对图表准确说明和表达信息的能力
·根据信息阐述个人观点的能力
·安排好要点和数据的表达，组织好文章的结构是完成这篇写作任务的要点
（以往的写作任务是要求学生根据图片或是文字信息来叙述内容，表达思想，属于记叙文
