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Barrier GateUser ManualLegal Information©2022 Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.About this ManualThe Manual includes instructions for using and managing the Product. Pictures, charts, images and all other information hereinafter are for description and explanation only. The information contained in the Manual is subject to change, without notice, due to firmware updates or other reasons. Please find the latest version of this Manual at the Hikvision website ( https:/// ).Please use this Manual with the guidance and assistance of professionals trained in supporting the Product.Trademarksand other Hikvision's trademarks and logos are the properties of Hikvision in various jurisdictions.Other trademarks and logos mentioned are the properties of their respective owners. DisclaimerTO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THIS MANUAL AND THE PRODUCT DESCRIBED, WITH ITS HARDWARE, SOFTWARE AND FIRMWARE, ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" AND "WITH ALL FAULTS AND ERRORS". HIKVISION MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, MERCHANTABILITY, SATISFACTORY QUALITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE USE OF THE PRODUCT BY YOU IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. IN NO EVENT WILL HIKVISION BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR INDIRECT DAMAGES, INCLUDING, AMONG OTHERS, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR LOSS OF DATA, CORRUPTION OF SYSTEMS, OR LOSS OF DOCUMENTATION, WHETHER BASED ON BREACH OF CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE, IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OF THE PRODUCT, EVEN IF HIKVISION HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES OR LOSS.YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THE NATURE OF THE INTERNET PROVIDES FOR INHERENT SECURITY RISKS, AND HIKVISION SHALL NOT TAKE ANY RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ABNORMAL OPERATION, PRIVACY LEAKAGE OR OTHER DAMAGES RESULTING FROM CYBER-ATTACK, HACKER ATTACK, VIRUS INFECTION, OR OTHER INTERNET SECURITY RISKS; HOWEVER, HIKVISION WILL PROVIDE TIMELY TECHNICAL SUPPORT IF REQUIRED.YOU AGREE TO USE THIS PRODUCT IN COMPLIANCE WITH ALL APPLICABLE LAWS, AND YOU ARE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ENSURING THAT YOUR USE CONFORMS TO THE APPLICABLE LAW. ESPECIALLY, YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE, FOR USING THIS PRODUCT IN A MANNER THAT DOES NOT INFRINGE ON THE RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, RIGHTS OF PUBLICITY, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, OR DATA PROTECTION AND OTHER PRIVACY RIGHTS. YOU SHALL NOT USE THIS PRODUCT FOR ANY PROHIBITED END-USES, INCLUDING THEDEVELOPMENT OR PRODUCTION OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION, THE DEVELOPMENT OR PRODUCTION OF CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS, ANY ACTIVITIES IN THE CONTEXT RELATED TO ANY NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVE OR UNSAFE NUCLEAR FUEL-CYCLE, OR IN SUPPORT OF HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES.IN THE EVENT OF ANY CONFLICTS BETWEEN THIS MANUAL AND THE APPLICABLE LAW, THE LATTER PREVAILS.Symbol Conventions The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.ContentsChapter 1 Introduction (1)1.1 Product Introduction (1)1.2 Key Feature (1)Chapter 2 Installation (2)2.1 Installation Environment (2)2.2 Install Barrier Gate (2)2.2.1 Fix Barrier Gate Host (2)2.2.2 Install Boom Pole (4)2.3 Wiring (5)2.3.1 Connect to Peripheral Devices (5)2.3.2 Connect to Power Supply (7)Chapter 3 Debug (9)3.1 Remote Control (9)3.2 Button Operation (9)Chapter 4 Maintenance (13)4.1 Check Regularly (13)4.2 Check After Collision (13)4.3 Fault Code Description (13)4.4 Troubleshooting for Failed Auto Rising/Falling of Boom Pole After Power Cutoff (15)Appendix A. Peripheral Device Interfaces Introduction (16)Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 Product IntroductionBarrier gate is the entrance and exit management device to limit motor vehicle passing. It can control the boom pole automatically via parking lot management system. Or you can control the boom pole via buttons on remote controller.Barrier gate is widely applicable to toll station, parking lot, the entrance and exit of community and unit, etc. Its working temperature ranges from -30 °C to 70 °C (-22 °F to 158 °F).1.2 Key Feature●Adopts direct current brushless motor which can run steadily, applicable to entrance and exit, ETC system, etc.●The boom pole can rise rapidly and fall slowly. The barrier gate can learn the rising and falling limit positions automatically after it is powered on.●Over-voltage and over-current protection to prevent the motor from being burnt caused by locked rotor during running.●Supports anti-fall function via inductive loop, IR, etc., and protection functions including pressure wave, resistance rebound, etc.●Adjustable boom pole direction from left to right or from right to left.Chapter 2 Installation2.1 Installation EnvironmentThe installation environment of the barrier gate should meet the following requirements.●The installation space should be large enough to guarantee the boom pole can rise or fall normally.●Install the barrier gate on horizontal ground.●Installation surface requirements:○If no base is installed, the installation surface must be firm enough to fix the host to guarantee the barrier gate can run stably.○If base is needed, it is recommended to install the base with quick setting cement. The base should be horizontal. The height should be larger than 300 mm. The length and width of base should be larger than those of the actual barrier gate installation surface. Bury the set bolts prepared by yourself before installation.●If the barrier gate is anti-collision, the boom pole will flick 90° in reverse direction if it is impacted. Make sure there is no obstacle in the range.●Bury the cables before installation. The conduit should be 50 mm higher than the ground to avoid the gathered water on the ground to enter into the cable and cause short circuit.2.2 Install Barrier Gate2.2.1 Fix Barrier Gate HostFollow the steps below to fix the host of barrier gate.Steps1.Mark the positions of holes on the refuge island as shown below. The hole depth is approx. 120 mm.Figure 2-1 Mark Positions of HolesThe suggestions for positions of holes:●The holes in vertical direction should be near to the boom pole.●If the entrance/exit is unidirectional, the holes should be in the horizontal center of the refugeisland. If the entrance/exit is bi-directional, the holes in the horizontal direction should be far away from the entrance/exit.2.Punch the four M12 × 150 expansion screws in the package into the marked positions on refuge island, and fasten the nuts to make the screws expand to grip the ground. Then unfasten thenuts.Figure 2-2 Install Expansion Screws3.Uninstall the top and front covers.1)Use the L-type key to unlock the top cover.2)Lift the top cover gently and push it to take it down.3)Lift the front cover gently to take it down.Figure 2-3 Uninstall Top and Front Covers4.Fix the host.1)Put the layers on the host bottom and parallel them to the rising or falling direction of theboom pole.2)Put the host on the positions of expansion screws on the refuge island to make the screwspass through the layers. Keep the layers parallel to the rising or falling direction of the boom pole.3)Fasten the expansion nuts on the screws to fix the host.Figure 2-4 Fix HostKeep the supporting bracket of the boom pole vertically upward to avoid accident.2.2.2 Install Boom PoleFollow the steps to install boom pole.Steps1.Align the holes on the supporting bracket with those on the boom pole.2.Insert four M8 screws into the holes.3.Install flat washers, spring washers, and nuts on both sides of the screws.4.Fasten the nuts to fix the boom pole.Figure 2-5 Install Boom PoleCautionContact the professional technical personnel to change the boom pole. You may damage the barrier gate if you change it by yourself.2.3 Wiring2.3.1 Connect to Peripheral DevicesThe barrier gate can connect to peripheral devices such as entrance/exit capture unit.Steps1.Open the top cover of the host, and you can see the interfaces to connect peripheral devices.2.Connect peripheral devices to the interfaces as shown below.Refer to "Peripheral Device Interfaces Introduction" for the detailed definition of the peripheraldevices interfaces.Figure 2-7 Connect to Peripheral Devices2.3.2 Connect to Power SupplyConnect the laid power cord (RVV3 × 1.5 mm2 or above) to the power input of barrier gate. Installthe top and front covers. Use the L-type key to lock the top cover.●Cut off the power before wiring.●The power voltage of barrier gate is 220 VAC ± 10%. If the voltage exceeds the range, voltage stabilizer is needed.●Make sure the barrier gate is connected to the ground firmly, or it may cause electric shock.Figure 2-8 Power InputChapter 3 DebugAfter the installation completes, power on the barrier gate, and it will operate self-check of rising to limit position.After the self-check completes, you can control the barrier gate via remote controller or buttons.3.1 Remote ControlAfter the self-check completes, you can control the boom pole to rise, fall, and stop via the remote controller leaving factory with the barrier gate.3.2 Button OperationOpen the top cover of the host, and you can see the buttons and nixie tube. You can control the barrier gate via the buttons and judge the status via the nixie tube.There is respective initial status for the rising limit position, falling limit position, and rising speed of the barrier gate. You can adjust them via buttons if the initial status cannot meet the requirements of the installation site.Figure 3-1 Control ButtonsNote●If you need to hold the buttons to trigger operations, hold for 3 seconds or above.●The nixie tube shows the status (e.g., H0) and fault codes (hexadecimal characters, e.g., 1A). If the fault codes appear on the nixie tube, it means there is operation error. Contact the technical personnel of our company to solve the problems.Table 3-1 Button Operation DescriptionThe controller can learn no more than 481.Press2.Holdadjust the boom pole to H5 status.Displayed fallingunit of thedurationPressnixie tube displays rL.Apply control signal to let the boom pole rise to the limit position.Holdadjust the boom pole to H8 status.HoldPressChapter 4 Maintenance4.1 Check RegularlyThe barrier gate should be maintained every three months. Check according to the following instructions.●Check mechanical drive.●Check if the wiring and GND is firm.●Check if the motor sounds abnormally.4.2 Check After Collision●Check if the slewer is damaged. Change it if it is damaged.●Check if the boom pole is curved. Change it if it is curved.●Check if the barrier gate sounds abnormally during running. Contact the qualified after-sales service agent in time.4.3 Fault Code DescriptionWhen the barrier gate is abnormal, open the top cover, and observe the fault code on the nixie tube to troubleshoot.Table 4-1 Fault Code Description4.4 Troubleshooting for Failed Auto Rising/Falling of Boom Pole After Power CutoffIf the boom pole cannot rise or fall automatically after the power is cut off suddenly, follow the steps to solve the problem.Steps1.Uninstall the top and front covers.2.Insert L-type wrench into the hexagonal hole on the host.Figure 4-1 Rotate Wrench3.Rotate the wrench according to the barrier gate status.-If the barrier gate is in the falling limit status, rotate the wrench anticlockwise to raise the boom pole slowly until it can rise and fall automatically.-If the barrier gate is in the rising limit status, rotate the wrench clockwise to make the boom pole fall slowly until it can rise and fall automatically.Appendix A. Peripheral Device InterfacesIntroductionOpen the top cover of host, and you can see the interfaces as shown below.Figure A-1 Interfaces Table A-1 Interface Description。
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ProductCatalogRF Power Solutions forWireless InfrastructureNovember 2023The Leading GlobalPartner in RF PowerCreated in 2015, Ampleon is shaped by 50 years of RF Power leadership and is set toexploit the full potential of data and energy transfer in RF. We share the passion for RFtechnology which is what we radiate to our customers, suppliers and partners.Since 2019, 5G NR (New Radio) is rolling out and it translates into new, extremelychallenging requirements for our RF Power components. Ampleon is addressing theserequirements with technology-agnostic solutions, utilizing market-leading LDMOS, GaNas well as other semiconductor technologies.The continuous increase in cost and environmental awareness is forcing the basestation efficiency requirements to reach new levels. At the same time, we see a trendtowards higher power and higher bandwidth product solutions. These developmentsspur Ampleon’s highly talented engineers to develop new architectures and designapproaches which enable more compact and less visible base stations.As the demand for wireless infrastructure services grows rapidly, operators are facedwith the need to get much more capacity from their dedicated frequency spectrum. Thischallenge can be addressed with Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology.Conventional MIMO typically uses two transmit and two receive antenna elements todouble the capacity. Massive MIMO (mMIMO), however, goes further and is using up to64 simultaneous transmit and receive streams to create a much higher network capacity.Ampleon is offering integrated RF power solutions for 5G mMIMO base stations as well asfor small cell and macro base stations.Download the latest version/mpc2Wireless Infrastructure Product Catalog - November 2023 | Wireless Infrastructure Product Catalog - November 2023 | 3Wireless Infrastructure Product Catalog - November 2023 | 4Recommended PA SolutionsLine-up Peak Power800 W500 W300 W48 V LDMOSBLM9H0610S-60PGBLP9H10S-850AVT70 W28 V LDMOSBLP9G0722-20GBLC10G15XS-301AVT BLM9D1822-30B3 - 8 W 1.8 - 3.8 GHz xiD28 V LDMOSB11G3338N81D 28 V LDMOSB11G1822N60D BLC10G19XS-600AVT 40 WFrequency10 W1 GHz1.8 GHz2.7 GHz3.6 GHz 5 GHz 48 V LDMOSBLP9H10-30GBLC9H10XS-505AB10G2327N55D BLM9D0708-05AM BLM9D0910-05AMWireless Infrastructure Product Catalog - November 2023 | 5Macro ProductsThe RF Power transistor selection guide is available on: /products/mobile-broadband Its easy-to-use-parametric filters help you choose the right RF power transistor for your design.When selecting Ampleon’s Macro solutions you choose:• A full line-up of solutions for which Driver and Finals work seamlessly together, covering 4G and 5G requirements as well asmobile legacies• A combination of best-in-class, reliable and secure LDMOS technology, together with low-cost and outstanding thermal packaging and advanced design methodologies, all of which are produced and tested with highly automated volume-scale capabilities, delivering: - Very consistent and reliable performance - High line-up gain with low gain variation - High linearized efficiency- Record power and efficiency from a single packaged transistor across different frequency bands- Compact and cost-effective line-up solutions, thanks to integrated drivers and Doherty optimized finalsMacro FinalsMacro Drivers6Wireless Infrastructure Product Catalog - November 2023 | Wireless Infrastructure Product Catalog - November 2023 | 7Wireless Infrastructure Product Catalog - November 2023 | 8Massive MIMO ProductsThe RF Power transistor selection guide is available on: /products/mobile-broadbandIts easy-to-use-parametric filters help you choose the right RF power transistor for your design.When selecting Ampleon’s massive MIMO (mMIMO) solutions you choose:• Ampleon’s Massive MIMO portfolio based on LDMOS and GaN integrated Doherty solutions, offers high consistentperformance in a compact size. Enabling cost efficiency and ease of use in 4G and 5G mMIMO PA’s: - Excellent DPD linearization with Ampleon’s LDMOS and GaN technology - Compact footprint to meet space requirements in mMIMO antennas - High line-up gain- Very consistent performance- Proven track record in high volume supplymMIMO Line-upmMIMO FinalsWireless Infrastructure Product Catalog - November 2023 | 9mMIMO DriversWireless Infrastructure Product Catalog - November 2023 | 10Small Cell ProductsThe RF Power transistor selection guide is available on: /products/mobile-broadbandIts easy-to-use-parametric filters help you choose the right RF power transistor for your design.When selecting Ampleon’s Small Cell solutions you choose:• LDMOS technology breakthrough within the GaAs dominated small cell market, offering:- Up to 300 MHz instantaneous bandwidth - Higher output power for coverage increase - Higher linearizable efficiency - Excellent DPD linearization- Very compact product family in standardized package footprint for ease of deploymentSmall CellACP3-1230-4SOT1250-4(32.2 x 10.1 x max 4.5 (mm))ACP3-1230-6SOT1258-5(32.2 x 10.1 x max 4.5 (mm))ACP3-780-4SOT1273-1(20.6 x 9.8 x max 3.7 (mm))* Not drawn to scalePackage PortfolioACP3-1230-6SOT1258-4(32.2 x 10.1 x max 4.5 (mm))Ampleon `s package overview is available on /packagesACP3-780-6SOT1275-1(20.6 x 9.8 x max 4.0 (mm))Overmolded Plastic (OMP) Packages*OMP-780-6FOMP-780-6F-1(20.57 x 9.78 x max 4.0 (mm))OMP-780-16GOMP-780-16G-1(20.75 x 9.96 x max 4.0 (mm))TO-270-2GSOT1483-1(10.67 x 6.1 x max 2.0 (mm))LGA 7x7LGA-7x7-20-1(7.0 x 7.0 x max 1.0 (mm))OMP-400-8GOMP-400-8G-1(10.3 x 10.3 x max 4.0 (mm))LGA 7x7LGA-7x7-20-2(7.0 x 7.0 x max. 1.0 (mm))OMP-780-4FOMP-780-4F-1(20.57 x 9.96 x max 4.0 (mm))OMP-1230-6FOMP-1230-6F-1(32.25 x 9.78 x max 4.0 (mm))PQFN 8x8SOT1462-1(8.0 x 8.0 x max 2.2 (mm))PQFN 12x7PQFN-12x7-36-1(12.0 x 7.0 x max 2.2 (mm))DFNDFN-4.5x4-6-1(4.0 x 4.5 x max. 0.85 (mm))DFNDFN-7x6.5-6-1(7.0 x 6.5 x max. 0.85 (mm))Air-Cavity Ceramic (ACP) Packages*SOT1249BSOT1249B(20.3 x 9.8 x max 4.65 (mm))Air-Cavity Plastic (ACP) Packages*Package namePackage version (L x W x H (mm))L e n gt h W thH gh tLGA 12x8LGA-12x8-34-2(12.0 x 8.0 x max. 0.98 (mm))Committed to Your SuccessAt Ampleon, we are passionate about your success. Rest assured that we deliver world class innovation fora broad range of applications. In line with your challenges increasing, we continuously improve and enhance our LDMOS technology and strengthen our footprint in GaN.During the entire process from design to delivery, you will enjoy outstanding technical support from well trained staff and knowledgeable Field Application Engineers (FAEs) as part of our distribution network. Whether you require load-pull data, application boards, samples, ADS / AWR models or other, you will be accompanied in every step on the way to success.Our application engineering resources are spread around the globe, with our offices (Nijmegen / The Netherlands, Toulouse / France, Smithfield / USA, Shanghai / China) providing local customer support.SupportDatasheets, test reports and simulation models are available online on: /support/documentation.To make sure your request is processed quickly and directed to the right contact partner at Ampleon, please contact us via:/contact.Order samplesTo support customers in designing new products, Ampleon supplies samples and demonstration boards.Samples can be requested via our online e-samples store: /samples (please register at first log-in).For inquiries, please contact your local sales representative listed on: /contact.Additional information• /products• /applicationsDevice Naming ConventionOperation frequency, for single band = highest frequency (22 = 2200 MHz), for multi-band (1822 = 1800 to 2200 MHz)F: Ceramic packageC: Air-cavity plasic (ACP) package M: MMICP: Overmolded plastic (OMP) package B: Semiconductor die made of Si C: Semiconductor die made of GaNG: 28-32 V supply voltage D: Integrated Doherty (28 V)AD: Advanced integrated Doherty (28 V)H:50 V supply voltageTechnology generationP 1dB power level @ the supply voltage of Datasheet; PAD and GaN = P 3dB V: Leads for external decoupling W: Supply through decoupling leads Gullwing shaped leadsGF LSA GVTItalic = OptionalBLC 10A: Asymmetric Doherty (PAD); asymmetric integrated Doherty P: Symmetric Doherty - push-pull configurationM: 50 ohm matched output T: Internal video decoupling M: Multi-chip deviceL: High-frequency power transistor - - PQFN / LGA / TO270LS ACC / ACP2S OMP780 / OMP400XS ACP3COMCPackage Naming ConventionOMP -ACC: Air-Cavity Ceramic Package ACP: Air-Cavity Plastic Package DFN: Dual No-lead Package H-PAM: High Power PAMLGA: Land-Grid Array Package MCM: Multi-Chip ModuleOMP: Overmold Plastic PackageP(QFN): (Power) Quad Flat No-lead Package PAM: Power Amplifier ModuleWCP:Wafer level Chip-scale Package12301230: SOT539780: SOT502650: SOT1228400: 10 x 10 mmL x B in mm for DFN / PQFN / MCM / PAM / FEM-FNone: No Leads (DFN / PQFN / MCM / PAM)F: Straight Lead (standard)G: Gull-Wing Lead (standard)S: Straight Wide Lead W: Gull-Wing Wide Lead-Outline versoin number08Total I/O count, excluding GND / heatsink / exposed die pad, including voltages1Notes。
2023年注册结构工程师-专业考试（一级）考试备考题库附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共50题)1.(单项选择题)(每题 1.00 分) 某地基基础设计等级为乙级的柱下桩基础，承台下布置有5根边长为400mm的C60钢筋混凝土预制方桩。
框架柱截面尺寸为600mm×800mm，承台及其以上土的加权平均重度γ0=20kN／m3。
承台平面尺寸、桩位布置等如图所示。
假定，桩的混凝土弹性模量Ec=3.6×104N／mm2，桩身换算截面惯性矩I0=213000cm4，桩的长度（不含桩尖）为20m，桩的水平变形系数α=0.63m-1，桩的水平承载力由水平位移值控制，桩顶的水平位移允许值为10mm，桩顶按铰接考虑，桩顶水平位移系数vx=2.441。
试问，初步设计时，估算的单桩水平承载力特征值Rha（kN），与下列何项数值最为接近？（）A. 50B. 60C. 70D. 80正确答案：A,2.(单项选择题)(每题 1.00 分) 一级公路上一座预应力混凝土桥梁中的一片预制空心板梁，预制板长15.94m，宽1.06m，厚0.70m，其中两个通长的空心孔的直径各为0.36m，设置4个吊环，每端各2个，吊环各距板端0.37m。
试问，该板梁吊环的设计吊力（kN）与下列何项数值最为接近？（）提示：板梁动力系数采用1.2，自重为13.5kN／m。
A. 65B. 72C. 86D. 1033.(单项选择题)(每题 1.00 分)某混凝土简支梁桥，计算跨径L＝7.5m，梁截面尺寸为；b＝300mm、h＝750mm。
该桥承受永久荷载（不包括梁自重）g＝9.875kN/m，均布可变荷载（汽车）q＝7.5kN/m。
（混凝土容重γ=25kN/m3）。
则该桥跨中截面计算弯矩最接近于（）kN·m。
A. 161.7B. 166.6C. 182.8D. 204.6正确答案：C,4.(单项选择题)(每题 1.00 分) 某高层建筑裙楼商场内人行天桥，采用钢一混凝土组合结构，如图所示，天桥跨度28m。
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目录Project and Portfolio Management Center1第 1 章: 资源管理入门9资源管理简介9第 2 章: 设置资源管理10设置资源管理概述10设置资源管理验证10用于自动完成列表验证的层次结构选择升级注意事项12启用层次结构选择12层次结构显示选项卡查询示例13使用层次结构选择15设置默认时段视图15设置工作职能16创建新工作职能修改现有工作职能17删除工作职能17设置技能18创建新技能18修改现有技能18删除技能18设置区域日历19指定系统默认区域日历19设置区域20设置请求工作项字段20设置人力资源池22设置人员配备概况和人力资源池的默认通知22默认人员配备概况通知22默认人力资源池通知23修改默认通知23设置通知参数23设置通知服务24第 3 章: 组织建模25组织建模概述25设置资源25设置资源属性26设置资源日历27修改多个资源28资源安全性28组织单元建模29创建组织单元31构建组织模型33将组织单元链接到安全组34转换组织单元类型36删除组织单元37第 4 章: 使用资源管理进行容量计划38使用资源管理进行容量计划总览38使用人力资源池计划容量39使用人力资源池: 一般演练40创建人力资源池查看人力资源池禁用和启用人力资源池43修改人力资源池通知43禁用资源的通知将人力资源池数据导出到 Excel45调整人力资源池中的资源参与45查看预测的需求管理分配49查看资源负荷49人力资源池安全性50人力资源池访问授权50人力资源池配置访问权限页面51使用配置访问权限页面51汇总人力资源池信息52使用人员配备概况跟踪需求53使用人员配备概况: 一般演练人员配备概况视图55新版 UI55人员配备概况新版 UI 的甘特图视图和表视图63指定人员配备概况新版 UI 的可编辑视图64旧版 UI66创建人员配备概况72创建项目的人员配备概况75在人员配备概况页面上查看和配置甘特图76在人员配备概况页面上配置甘特图78添加职位80在新版 UI 中添加职位在旧版 UI 中添加职位将职位导入到人员配备概况中85从工作计划任务同步职位86在人员配备概况页面上筛选职位87在新版 UI 中筛选职位在旧版 UI 中筛选职位添加/移除人员配备概况页面上的列90查看人员配备概况91使用搜索框91使用搜索人员配备概况页面修改人员配备概况通知92从人员配备概况发送资源请求92人员配备概况安全性94人员配备概况访问授权95人员配备概况配置访问权限页面95使用配置访问权限页面96清除未来预测和分配97删除人员配备概况98使用其他人员配备概况功能人员配备概况和项目组合管理98人员配备概况的默认人力资源池98隐藏人员配备概况用户数据字段名称98用于基线人员配备概况的特殊命令98根据人员配备概况计算预测劳动力成本直接输入实际值分配时段调整100约定分配100预测计划100配置预测计划页面101配置访问授权101访问预测计划页面102使用预测计划页面102更改预测数据103保存预测数据更改103添加职位103移除职位105发送资源请求105查看有关人员配备概况或职位的信息106筛选和排序106更改显示选项108分配人力资源池资源109收集资源请求109进行分配110拒绝和转发需求111分配约定分配113分析人力资源池114将人力资源池与人员配备概况比较114分析人力资源池分解表117分析与项目关联的人员配备概况120自动跟踪人员配备概况的实际值120使用时间管理自动跟踪实际值121将项目的分配与其人员配备概况比较123分析与资产关联的人员配备概况124将资产的时间汇总到人员配备概况124查看实际值124“分析分配负荷”Portlet124管理资源分配124访问资源分配管理页面124了解资源分配管理视图125从资源分配管理页面管理资源请求125资源分配管理页面的最佳实践125控制资源分配管理页面的参数126资源分配管理页面的甘特图视图127资源分配管理页面的表视图129筛选和排序资源分配管理页面130快速筛选130高级筛选131时段筛选133按人员配备概况和人员配备概况职位排序134从资源分配管理页面将资源分配到资源请求134从资源分配管理页面将资源分配到约定分配136从资源分配管理页面获取资源建议137使用 RMO 获取资源建议137保存 RMO 的场景140控制资源管理优化的参数141从资源分配管理页面转发资源请求142从资源分配管理页面约定分配143从资源分配管理页面拒绝资源请求144从资源分配管理页面创建或调整资源分配144移除已分配的资源或更改其状态146移除约定分配146从资源分配管理页面查看预计人力资源池利用率147第 5 章: 使用资源管理执行工作计划和请求148使用资源管理执行工作计划和请求总览148配置资源管理的请求149分配请求150分配任务151将工作职能与任务关联151将资源分配给任务151将多个资源预订到一个任务上152将项目容量与工作计划负荷比较153与项目的工作计划比较153工作计划资源使用状况视图154使用资源查找器154搜索资源157使用资源用户数据字段进行资源搜索158修改用于搜索资源的技能标准160查看资源负荷160比较技能162可扩展的资源查找器164列刷新165必需技能和首选技能166可扩展的资源结果167资源查找器计算168适合性评分计算168计算可用性评分169计算技能评分172计算预计利用率172覆盖预定值和实际值174预定值字段关系174实际值字段关系175查看工作项175我的任务 Portlet176我的请求 Portlet176个人负荷和容量直观显示176可视化分配178资源负荷分解表180调整资源日历182附录 A: 典型用法183附录 B: 未满足的需求计算示例场景185示例数据185场景 1: 预测需求和分配使用相同日历时的未满足的需求计算186场景 2: 预测需求和分配使用不同日历时的未满足的需求计算187场景 3: 部分分配已分配资源时的未满足的需求计算189场景 4: 未满足的需求转发到其他池时的未满足的需求计算190场景 5: 在人力资源池页面上查看预测需求时的未满足的需求计算191附录 C: 跟踪 PPM 数据194计算未满足的需求194计算预计剩余人力投入194配置项目运行状况194计算财务管理数据196计算财务摘要中的数据198计算场景比较中的数据201附录 D: 增强了“导出到 Excel”功能202发送反馈第 1 章: 资源管理入门资源管理简介资源管理是 Project and Portfolio Management Center (PPM) 的一部分，它提供了一系列工具，用于管理与 IT 动议相关的人员。
2022-2023年注册结构工程师《结构专业基础考试一级》预测试题（答案解析）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹卷一.综合考点题库(共50题)1.某外国，用固结仪实验结果计算土样的压缩指数（常数）时，不是用常数对数，而是用自然对数对应取值的。
如果根据我国标准（常用对数），一个土样的压缩指数（常数）为0.0112，那么根据那个外国标准，该土样的压缩指数为（）。
A.4.86E－03B.5.0E－04C.2.34E－03D.6.43E－03正确答案：A本题解析：我国标准（常用对数）土样压缩指数的计算方法为故故故根据国外标准2.网状配筋砌体的抗压强度较无筋砌体高，这是因为（）。
A.网状配筋约束砌体横向变形B.钢筋可以承受一部分压力C.钢筋可以加强块体强度D.钢筋可以使砂浆强度提高正确答案：A本题解析：由于网状钢筋的存在，一定程度上提高了块体的抗弯及抗剪能力，推迟了块体中首批裂缝出现的时间。
而且由于横向钢筋的约束作用，这些裂缝发展很慢，同时也不会相互贯通而把砌体分割成若干独立小柱，直到砌体破坏前都是完整的。
3.减小地基不均匀沉降的措施不包括（）。
A.增加建筑物的刚度和整体性B.同一建筑物尽量采用同一类型的基础并埋置于同一土层中C.采用钢筋混凝土十字交叉条形基础或筏板基础、箱形基础等整体性好的基础形式D.上部采用静定结构正确答案：D本题解析：A项，减轻不均匀沉降的措施有：①建筑措施：建筑物的体型力求简单、合理布置墙体，控制建筑物的长高比、合理布置沉降缝、合理考虑建筑物基础间的净距、调整建筑物的标高；②结构措施：减小建筑物自重、设置圈梁、调整基底附加应力、增强上部结构的整体刚度、采用对位移不敏感的结构；③施工措施：合理安排施工程序、工序、次序及工法、轻型建筑物周围不宜堆放重物。
B项，当天然地基不能满足建筑物沉降变形控制要求时，必须采取技术措施，如打预制钢筋混凝土短桩等。
同一建筑物尽量采用同一类型的基础并埋置于同一土层中。
㊃诊疗征询㊃‘膀胱占位性病变的诊疗方案“诊疗建议(一)窦卫超李响d o i:10.3870/j.i s s n.1674-4624.2020.06.017患者体检发现膀胱占位10d㊂诊疗征询原文见‘现代泌尿生殖肿瘤杂志“2019年第11卷第1期第64页㊂本例患者特点总结如下:老年男性,体检发现膀胱占位,既往有多年吸烟史㊁膀胱结石手术史㊂影像学检查:膀胱左侧壁恶性肿瘤可能;双肺结节㊂膀胱镜检查:膀胱内球形肿物,基底较宽㊂经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(t r a n s u r e t h r a l r e s e c t i o n o f b l a d d e r t u m o r,T U R B T)后肿物病检:伴有恶性血管球样瘤特征的肉瘤样癌,浸润固有层,未侵犯肌层,部分区域可见坏死㊂周围黏膜腺性膀胱炎改变伴尿路上皮原位癌㊂切缘阴性,基底部未见平滑肌受累㊂随机活检:膀胱左右侧壁均见高级别尿路上皮原位癌;膀胱底壁见高级别非浸润性乳头状尿路上皮癌,伴内翻生长㊂患者目前诊断:1.膀胱恶性肿瘤:①肉瘤样癌(具有恶性血管球瘤样特征)(p T1N x M x);②高级别尿路上皮原位癌(p T i s N x M x);2.双肺结节性质待诊:转移灶?;3.膀胱结石(膀胱切开取石术后)㊂该患者考虑为复杂病理类型的膀胱肿瘤,属于E A U指南中提到的最高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌,进展为肌层浸润性膀胱癌(m u s c l e i n v a s i v e b l a d d e r c a n c e r,M I B C)的风险较高,最合理的治疗方式为根治性膀胱切除术(r a d i c a l c y s t e c t m y, R C),但患者拒绝上述治疗,要求行保留膀胱的治疗方案㊂目前缺乏最高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的治疗证据㊂在所有表浅的膀胱癌中,T a约占70%,T1占20%,原位癌占10%[1]㊂高级别T1期(旧称T1G3)膀胱癌具有异质性特点,治疗颇具挑战性㊂高级别T1期膀胱癌发生进展的风险增加约17%[2]㊂M a r t i n-D o y l e等[3]的荟萃分析显示,T1期膀胱癌5年复发率为42%,进展率为21%,肿瘤特异性生存率为87%㊂肿瘤分期的不确定性及初次行T U R B T病理分期不足导致高级别T1期的病理诊断困难㊂K u l k a r n i等[4]总结文献认为,所有T1G3患者均应再次接受T U R B T㊂M a t u l e w i c z等[5]回顾性分析国立癌症数据库2010~2012年18277例高级别T1期膀胱癌患者的数据,结果显示行根治膀胱切除术时41%的患者出现疾病进展(p T2或更高), 12.7%的患者发生淋巴结转移㊂高级别T1期膀胱癌理想的治疗方法尚存在争议㊂尽管从治愈肿瘤的角度上讲,R C为最佳选择,但手术相关并发症㊁生活质量下降㊁精神心理因素成为患者要求行保留膀胱治疗的主要原因;对某些非进展肿瘤患者而言,根治性膀胱切除则意味着过度治疗㊂对于不适合或拒绝根治性手术的高级别T1期膀胱癌患者,选择哪种保膀胱治疗方案是泌尿外科医生面临的主要挑战㊂目前保留膀胱的治疗主要为多模式治疗,包括T U R B T㊁放疗及化疗㊂初次行T U R B T较高的肿瘤残留率是导致术后患者复发㊁进展的重要因素㊂D i v r i k等[6]前瞻性的随机研究比较p T1期膀胱癌初次T U R B T后2~6周再次T U R B T+膀胱灌注丝裂霉素C(m i t o m y c i n C,MM C)与未行再次T U R B T +MM C的生存差异,结果显示初次电切后较高的肿瘤残留率导致未接受二次T U R B T的患者具有较高的复发率,且残余肿瘤与肿瘤病理分级有关(P=0.009)㊂尽管总生存率相似,3年无复发生存率二次电切组明显高于对照组(69%v s. 37%),尤其是高级别肿瘤组㊂作者建议对于高级别T1期疾病的患者推荐二次电切以实现更好的无复发生存㊂国外学者研究报道二次T U R B T不含肌层与含肌层的标本低估病变的风险分别为40%~69%[7-8]㊁30%[7]㊂D u t t a等[7]回顾分析214例接受根治性膀胱切除的患者,其中分期为T1或低于T1的患者占26%,结果显示40%的患者分期不足,作者进一步分析显示影像学怀疑肿瘤㊁标本中缺乏肌层患者更容易出现分期不足㊂上述研究提示二次电切的必要性㊂尽管辅助治疗的证据不如新辅助治疗,当前大量证据支持对未接受新辅助治疗的高复发风险的患者行辅助化疗㊂三联治疗主要包括最大限度T U R B T+同期放化疗,对治疗无反应或M I B C行补救性膀胱切除㊂化疗可根除微转移灶,使肿瘤细胞对放疗敏感㊂三联治疗被视为M I B C最有效的保留膀胱的治疗方式,为根治性膀胱切除的替代治疗方案㊂尿路上皮癌对于放疗及化疗敏感,体现出三联治疗的合理性㊂Röd e l等[9]研究显示T U R B T后辅助放疗或放化疗可为高危表浅的膀胱癌患者提供较高的治愈及保留膀胱机会㊂但初次T U R B T时,约20%~30%表浅的肿瘤分期不足[7-8,10],可能已存在肿瘤肌层浸润,放疗/放化疗有可能降低肿瘤进展及盆腔淋巴结转移率,p T1期微转移发生率约5%~10%, R C后超过35%的表浅膀胱癌进展至p T2期[10]㊂W e i s s 等[11]研究显示与单纯T U R B T相比,术后辅助膀胱灌注卡介苗(b a c i l l e c a l m e t t e g u e r i n,B C G)或化疗药物如MM C可使总复发率降低30%,5年内疾病进展率约15%~40%㊂A r e n d s等[12]的随机试验比较了中高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者T U R B T后辅助热灌注化疗MM C与B C G灌注治疗的疗效,结果显示热灌注化疗的2年无复发生存期高于B C G 灌注治疗㊂但该研究过早结束,研究动力不足㊂此外,很难做到对患者及医生的盲法导致不可避免的偏倚㊂S y l v e s t e r 等[13]的分析显示与单纯T U R B T相比,术后即刻膀胱灌注化疗药物使T a㊁T1期患者复发风险降低40%㊂Röd e l等[14]研究评价高危T1㊁M I B C患者接受保留膀胱的T U R B T联合5-F U/顺铂及放疗的安全性㊁耐受性㊁疾病控制情况,结果显示T1期患者无肌层浸润复发局部控制率为85%,5年无转移生存率为74%;此外该方案治疗的耐受性较好,76%的患者完成该治疗方案,且疗效似乎优于单纯放疗或联合卡铂或顺铂的放化疗㊂新型化疗药物如紫杉醇及吉西他滨正在被实验用于联合放疗,有望进一步改善膀胱癌的膀胱保留㊂W i t t l i n g e r等[15]评价了T U R B T+同步放化疗+局部深部热疗四联治疗模式用于高危T1及T2期膀胱癌患者的疗效及安全性,结果显示3年的病理学完全缓解率(c o m p l e t e r e-s p o n s e,C R)为96%(43/45),局部无复发生存率为85%,总生存率为80%,疾病特异性生存率为88%,无转移生存率为㊃673㊃现代泌尿生殖肿瘤杂志2020年12月第12卷第6期J C o n t e m p U r o l R e p r o d O n c o l,D e c e m b e r2020,V o l12,N o.6作者单位:610041四川大学华西医院泌尿外科泌尿外科研究所通信作者:李响,E-m a i l:x i a n g l i.87@163.c o m89%,81%的患者无肌层浸润性复发或局部进展,保留膀胱生存率为96%㊂在不良反应方面,3㊁4级急性毒性反应发生率为29%㊂生活质量分析提示多数患者对其膀胱功能满意㊂W e i s s等[16]研究了T U R B T后放疗联合铂类为基础的放化疗治疗141例高危T1膀胱癌(其中高级别T1期84例)的治疗效果,研究显示C R为88%(121/137),高级别T1期膀胱癌患者的5年㊁10年C R分别为13%㊁29%,疾病特异性生存率分别为80%㊁71%,80%以上患者保留膀胱生存,多数患者对排尿功能满意㊂T U R B T后放疗/放化疗的选择性保留膀胱治疗方案为高级别T1期膀胱癌膀胱灌注治疗或早期膀胱切除术的合理的替代治疗方案㊂S h i p l e y[17]认为,若W e i s s 提出的三联治疗证实优于B C G治疗,可以通过密切随访,对复发患者行R C可取代即刻膀胱切除术作为高级别T1期患者的标准治疗方案㊂A kçe t i n等[18]的研究报道T1膀胱癌T U R B T后放化疗的长期治疗结果,结果显示,C R为90.2%,总的疾病进展率为14%,5年总存率及无病生存率分别为76%㊁93%㊂在多学科团队协助下的多模式联合治疗是高级别T1期膀胱癌患者安全㊁治愈性的治疗选择㊂作者认为放化疗联合T U R B T作为高级别T1期膀胱癌的一线治疗选择是合理的㊂G i a c a l o n e等[19]研究分析了麻省总医院425例c T2~T4a M I B C患者接受多学科综合治疗的长期结果,中位随访时间7.21年,其5年㊁10年疾病特异性生存率分别为66%㊁59%,5年㊁10年总生存率分别为57%㊁39%,5年膀胱保留率达71%㊂接受多学科综合治疗患者的C R及保膀胱率均较高㊂多因素分析显示T2㊁放化疗的完全反应率及出现肿瘤相关的原位癌为总生存期及疾病特异性生存率的独立预测因素㊂该研究提示多学科综合治疗用于高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的合理性㊂就该患者而言,膀胱内存在多种病理类型的肿瘤,且病理分级为高分级,含原位癌㊂因此,我们建议患者在初次手术后4~6周再次行T U R B T,术后行顺铂/5-F U为基础的同步放化疗㊂此外,患者肺部结节诊断不清,建议患者完善胸部薄层增强C T或P E T/C T进一步明确肺部结节病变性质,若证实为转移灶,则应按照转移性膀胱癌治疗㊂若患者二次T U R B T证实疾病进展或肿瘤复发,建议行补救性膀胱切除术㊂对该病例二次T U R B T后随访建议:前2年每3个月行膀胱镜检查;2年后可延长随访间隔㊂对于该患者应当每年行上尿路影像学检查㊂若患者随访过程中出现疾病进展㊁复发,建议行补救性膀胱切除术㊂有学者认为由于变异的组织学类型的膀胱癌进展风险较高,对于该类型的膀胱肿瘤患者当考虑行R C[20]㊂需要注意的是,对变异病理类型的膀胱癌的合理治疗目前缺乏相关证据,仍需要进一步研究㊂在决定选择R C及保守治疗时,需要综合考虑T1亚分期㊁合并原位癌㊁肿瘤大小㊁外观㊁淋巴血管侵犯㊁肾盂积水等因素㊂目前尚缺乏R C与保留膀胱多模式综合治疗直接对比的随机对照试验数据,我们期待上述研究能够更好地指导用于高级别T1期膀胱癌的治疗㊂参考文献[1] K i r k a l i Z,C h a n T,M a n o h a r a n M,e t a l.B l a d d e r c a n c e r:e p i-d e m i o l o g y,s t a g i n g a n d g r a d i n g,a n d d i a g n o s i s[J].U r o l o g y,2005,66(6S u p p l1):4-34.[2] P a l o u J,S y l v e s t e r R J,F a b a O R,e t a l.F e m a l e g e n d e r a n dc a r c i n o m a i n s i t u i n t h e p r o s t a t i c u r e t h r a a r e p r o g n o s t i c f 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[15] W i t t l i n g e r M,R o d e l C M,W e i s s C,e t a l.Q u a d r i m o d a l t r e a t-m e n t o f h i g h-r i s k T1a n d T2b l a d d e r c a n c e r:t r a n s u r e t h r a l t u m o r r e s e c t i o n f o l l o w e d b y c o n c u r r e n t r a d i o c h e m o t h e r a p ya n d r e g i o n a l d e e p h y p e r t h e r m i a[J].R a d i o t h e r O n c o l,2009,93(2):358-363.[16] W e i s s C,E n g e h a u s e n D G,K r a u s e F S,e t a l.R a d i o c h e m o t h-e r a p y w i t h c i s p l a t i n a n d5-f l u o r o u r a c i l a f t e r t r a n s u r e t h r a l s u r-g e r y i n p a t i e n t s w i t h b l a d d e r c a n c e r[J].I n t J R a d i a t O n c o lB i o l P h y s,2007,68(4):1072-1080.[17] S h i p l e y WU.R a d i a t i o n-s e n s i t i z i n g c h e m o t h e r a p y a f t e r t r a n-s u r e t h r a l r e s e c t i o n a s a n a l t e r n a t i v e t r e a t m e n t f o r h i g h-r i s k㊃773㊃现代泌尿生殖肿瘤杂志2020年12月第12卷第6期J C o n t e m p U r o l R e p r o d O n c o l,D e c e m b e r2020,V o l12,N o.6T1b l a d d e r c a n c e r[J].N a t C l i n P r a c t U r o l,2007,4(1):24-25.[18] A kçe t i n Z,T o d o r o v J,Tüz e l E,e t a l.R a d i o c h e m o t h e r a p y a f-t e r t r a n s u r e t h r a l r e s e c t i o n i s a n e f f e c t i v e t r e a t m e n t m e t h o d i nT1G3b l a d d e r c a n c e r[J].A n t i c a n c e r R e s,2005,25(3A): 1623-1628.[19] G i a c a l o n e N J,S h i p l e y WU,C l a y m a n R H,e t a l.L o n g-t e r mO u t c o m e s A f t e r B l a d d e r-p r e s e r v i n g T r i-m o d a l i t y T h e r a p y f o rP a t i e n t s w i t h M u s c l e-i n v a s i v e B l a d d e r C a n c e r:A n U p d a t e dA n a l y s i s o f t h e M a s s a c h u s e t t s G e n e r a l H o s p i t a l E x p e r i e n c e[J].E u r U r o l,2017,71(6):952-960.[20] C h a n g S S,B o o r j i a n S A,C h o u R,e t a l.D i a g n o s i s a n d T r e a t-m e n t o f N o n-M u s c l e I n v a s i v e B l a d d e r C a n c e r:A U A/S U OG u i d e l i n e[J].J U r o l,2016,196(4):1021-1029.(收稿日期:2020-08-31)(本文编辑:刘倩倩)作者单位:430030武汉,华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院泌尿外科通信作者:刘征,E-m a i l:l z2013t j@163.c o m ㊃诊疗征询㊃‘膀胱占位性病变的诊疗方案“诊疗建议(二)刘征d o i:10.3870/j.i s s n.1674-4624.2020.06.018患者为62岁男性,初次发现膀胱肿瘤,予以充分经尿道膀胱电切术(瘤体㊁切缘㊁基底㊁左侧壁㊁右侧壁㊁顶壁㊁底壁),术后病理为肉瘤样癌(p T1N x M x),合并高级别尿路上皮癌㊁原位癌(p T i s N x M x)㊂对于这样的病人如何开展下一步处理呢?我们可以看看文献再做参考㊂文献报告,膀胱的肉瘤样癌属于膀胱原发性肉瘤,罕见㊂膀胱原发性肉瘤是发生在膀胱的恶性软组织非上皮肿瘤,发病率不超过膀胱肿瘤的1%; 50%为平滑肌肉瘤,好发于中老年人,20%为横纹肌肉瘤,好发于儿童和青少年[1];剩下的为血管肉瘤㊁骨源性肉瘤㊁黏液脂肪肉瘤㊁纤维肉瘤和未分化的肉瘤[2]㊂未分化的肉瘤包括肉瘤样癌(s a r c o m a t o i d c a r c i n o m a,S C)和癌肉瘤(c a r c i n o s a r-c o m a,C S),其更为罕见,在膀胱恶性肿瘤中占0.07%和0.09%[3]㊂病理上,S C呈间充质梭状,细胞中存在上皮样分化,免疫组化表现为上皮细胞分子如细胞角蛋白㊁C K-8/18㊁G A T A3呈阳性[4];而C S具有恶性上皮与典型肉瘤组织学结构,具有肉瘤的生物学行为特征㊂膀胱S C由癌性和肉瘤性两部分组成㊂最近的WHO组织分类将此术语应用于所有显示恶性上皮和间充质分化的形态学或免疫学证据的肿瘤,这类肿瘤被认为是多克隆组合的肿瘤或分化程度不同的单克隆肿瘤,W r i g h t等[3]的分子研究支持后一种理论㊂在临床表现上,这两种未分化的肉瘤预后相当差, W r i g h t等[3]统计对比了46515例尿路上皮癌㊁135例S C和166例C S患者,1年未校正生存率分别为77%㊁54%和48%,5年未校正生存率分别为47%㊁37%和17%㊂S C和C S与尿路上皮癌相比,发病年龄相近,但发现时T期较高,局部和远处转移更为频繁㊂多因素分析显示,S C(H R: 1.18,95%C I:0.91~1.52)和C S(H R:2.00,95%C I;1.65 ~2.41)患者的死亡风险高于尿路上皮癌患者㊂C S的总死亡率比S C差(H R:1.70,95%C I:1.23~2.34)㊂所以,与尿路上皮癌患者相比,S C和C S处于更晚期,即使在校正后,其死亡风险也更大㊂发现S C这样的病理类型,目前文献不支持保留膀胱㊂S u i等[5]统计了489例S C患者的预后,中位生存期只有18.4个月,在多变量C o x比例分析中,与单纯膀胱保留手术相比,单纯根治性膀胱切除术或联合多模式治疗(化疗或放疗)可显著降低死亡风险㊂高剂量术中放射治疗(H D-I O R T)也许可以尝试,K a t e s等[6]对4例高危局部晚期的S C 患者行H D-I O R T治疗,随访2年以上,均存活,相比25例没有行H D-I O R T治疗的患者,1年生存率为52%㊂综上所述,对于这样的诊断性电切后病理发现为膀胱S C的患者,预后差,不建议保留膀胱,若行膀胱根治性切除,术后辅助放疗或放疗,或许能延长患者生存时间㊂参考文献[1] P a r e k h D J,J u n g C,O'C o n n e r J,e t a l.L e i o m y o s a r c o m a i n u-r i n a r y b l a d d e r a f t e r c y c l o p h o s p h a m i d e t h e r a p y f o r r e t i n o b l a s-t o m a a n d r e v i e w o f b l a d d e r s a r c o m a s[J].U r o l o g y,2002,60(1):164.[2] L o t t S,L o p e z-B e l t r a n A,M o n t i r o n i R,e t a l.S o f t t i s s u e t u-m o r s o f t h e u r i n a r y b l a d d e r P a r t I I:m a l i g n a n t n e o p l a s m s[J].H u m P a t h o l,2007,38(7):963-977.[3] W r i g h t J L,B l a c k P C,B r o w n G A,e t a l.D i f f e r e n c e s i n s u r-v i v a l a m o n g p a t i e n t s w i t h s a r c o m a t o i d c a r c i n o m a,c a r c i n o s a r-c o m a a nd u r o t he l i a l c a r c i n o m a of t h e b l a d d e r[J].J U r o l,2007,178(6):2302-2306.[4] D a g a G,K e r k a r P.S a r c o m a t o i d C a r c i n o m a o f U r i n a r y B l a d d e r:aC a s e R e p o r t[J].I n d i a n J S u r g O n c o l,2018,9(4):644-646.[5] S u i W,M a t u l a y J T,O n y e j i I C,e t a l.C o n t e m p o r a r y t r e a t-m e n t p a t t e r n s a n d o u t c o m e s o f s a r c o m a t o i d b l a d d e r c a n c e r[J].W o r l d J U r o l,2017,35(7):1055-1061.[6] K a t e s M,C h a p p i d i M R,B r a n t A,e t a l.H i g h d o s e-r a t e I n-t r a-O p e r a t i v e R a d i a t i o n T h e r a p y D u r i n g H i g h R i s k G e n i t o u r i-n a r y S u r g e r y:I n i t i a l O b s e r v a t i o n s a n d a P r o p o s a l f o r i t s S t u d-y i n B l a d d e r C a n c e r[J].B l a d d e r C a n c e r,2017,3(3):191-199.(收稿日期:2020-09-04)(本文编辑:刘倩倩)㊃873㊃现代泌尿生殖肿瘤杂志2020年12月第12卷第6期J C o n t e m p U r o l R e p r o d O n c o l,D e c e m b e r2020,V o l12,N o.6。
FEATURES:•Compact size•316 stainless steel construction •Pressure ranges from vacuum to 7500 psi•Field adjustable setpoint or factory set only•Wide operating temperature range (-40°C to 100°C)•Precision snap-acting micro switch element •SPDT or DPDT switching •UL,CSA listed models •CRN models available •CE and ROHS compliant •SIL 3 capableAshcroft A-Series miniaturepressure switches are designed for tough applications where conventional pressure switch designs often don’t measure up. A rugged all 316 SS IP67enclosure gives uncompromising protection over a wide temperature range for the most demanding applications.*UL listing is pendingSIL 3 CAPABLEBULLETIN SW-AWTAshcroft Inc., 250 East Main Street, Stratford, CT 06614 USA Tel: 203-378-8281 • Fax: 203-385-0408email:*****************•All specifications are subject to change without notice. All sales subject to standard terms and conditions.© 2013 Ashcroft Inc. 07/13A-Series Miniature Watertight Pressure SwitchesLOOK FOR THESE MARKS ON OUR PRODUCTSCutaway view of switch assembly with welded SS diaphragmMICRO-SWITCHCIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLYDIAPHRAGMSPRING GUIDEA rugged 316 SS enclosure gives uncompro-mising protection. Materials of construction have been selected for long life. Precision snap acting micro switches are featured and fully encased to prevent moisture from corroding switch contacts. The switch, depending on range, is either an all welded 316 stainless steel diaphragm sealedpiston design or a direct acting piston design sealed with a Buna-N or Viton O-ring.Applications include:Offshore oil rigs-where stainless steel construction and small size is desirable.Chemical and petrochemical plants-where small size and corrosion resistance construction is important.Pulp and paper mills-where corrosion resistance and sealed contacts extend life.Special equipment such as autoclaves and sterilizers-where special connections are needed.Rail and heavy vehicle hydraulic and pneumatic braking applications-where small size is an advantage and long life is required.Other special machinery and equipment applications-where small size and high performance is a must.Cutaway view of switchassembly with SS pistonMICRO-SWITCHCIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLYO-RINGSPRING GUIDEᕢSELECTION GUIDEBefore selecting a switch model the f ollowing should be considered:Actuator:The actuator responds to changes in pressure and operates the micro switch element in response to these changes. The actuator is normallyexposed to the process media and must be chem-ically compatible with it. There are three types of actuators available for the A-Series switches –all welded 316 SS diaphragm sealed piston; 316 SS piston with Viton O-ring seal; and 316 SS piston with Buna-N O-ring seal. The 316 SS diaphragm is available in ranges from –15/15 psi to 200 psi. The 316 SS piston is available in ranges from 100 psi to 7,500 psi. Switches offered in 100 psi and 200 psi can be ordered with either the piston or diaphragm design. The piston design will have a longermechanical life, while the diaphragm design has a better operating temperature.The piston design is more reliable than a diaphragm design when subjected to frequent large pressure excursions, pressure surges and spikes associated with typical hydraulic applica-tions. Piston designs are typically used when the switch is used as low pressure alarm or cutoff where the normal working pressure is above the nominal range of the switch.The Switching Function:Most applications for alarm, shutdown and interlock are satisfied by the standardA-Series switches which feature single setpoint fixed deadband. For pump, compressor and other control applications, the dead-band becomes a very important c onsideration and may requireincreasing the range of the switch to increase thedeadband. Please consult your Ashcroft represen-tative for assistance with special applications.The Micro Switch Element:The micro switch element must be chosen to meet the electrical load requirement to be switched.The switches are offered as either SPDT (single pole double throw) or DPDT (double pole double throw). The DPDT switch is made up of two SPDT switches which are adjusted to work together by Ashcroft’s patent pending Circuit Board Rotation Design. DPDT switching is not available on diaphragm designs below 100 psi, with Spade terminals or the Micro DIN connector.Understanding Setpoints and Reset Points:Pressure switches can be set to switch on either increasing (rising) or decreasing pressures. Since the switches have both Normally Open (NO) con-tacts and Normally Closed (NC) contacts you can wire the switch to open or close for either an increasing or decreasing pressure. To be consis-tent in setting the switches Ashcroft defines the setpoints as follows. For an increasing setpoint,the pressure is increased from 0 psi to the set point and then decreased to the reset point. For a decreasing setpoint, the pressure is increased to full range and then decreased to the setpoint and then increased to the resetpoint.Custom Applications:The A-series switch is designed to allow custom process connections and electrical terminations. Please consult your Ashcroft representative for assistance with custom applications.ᕣA-Series Miniature Watertight Pressure SwitchesAVAILABLE PRESSURE CONNECTIONSAVAILABLE ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS1/8 or1/4 MALE NPT18 AWG WIRE LEADS1/2 NPT CONDUIT CONNECTORWITH 18 AWG WIRE LEADSSPADE TERMINAL 4-0.187 MALE TERMINALSHIRSCHMANNMICRO-DIN CONNECTOR43650 FORM CDPDT 18 AWG LEADS1/8 or1/4FEMALE NPT7/16 ˝-20 SAE3/4 ˝, 1.5˝ or 2.0˝SANITARYVCR or VCOᕤRANGESETPOINT REPEATABILITYSETPOINT ADJUSTABILITYDEADBAND (DB)psi bar kg/cm kPa psi bar, kg/cm kPa psi bar, kg/cm kpa psi bar, kg/cm kPa–15/15–1/1–100/100±0.6±.04±4–15/15–1/1–100/1001-5.07-.357-35 302200±0.6±.04±46-30.4-24-2001-5.07-.357-35604400±1.2±.08±88-60.6-460-4002-10.14-.7014-701007700±2±.14±1410-100.7-770-7003-15.2-1.020-100200141400±4±.28±2820-200 1.4-1.4140-14003-30.2-2.020-2001007700±2±.14±1420-100 1.4-7140-7003-15.2-1.020-100200141400±4±.28±2840-200 2.8-1.4280-14003-30.2-2.020-200500353500±10±.70±7050-500 3.5-35350-350020-100 1.4-7.0140-7001000707000±20±1.40±140100-10007-70700-700025-150 1.7-10170-1000200014014000±40±2.8±280200-200014-1401400-140030-3002-20200-2000500035035000±100±7.0±700500-500035-3503500-3500075-7505-50500-5000750050050000±150±10±1000750-750050-5005000-50000110-11007.5-75750-7500ELECTRICMATERIAL & TEMPERATUREPROOF PRESSURESwitch Electric Actuator MaterialTemperature Ranges (Material)Codeon LabelSealRangelisted in psipsibar kg/cm 2kPa1P, 2P 3A 125Vac; 2A, 30Vdc SSS –40-100C up to 200(S)10007070001H, 2H 5A 125/250Vac; 5A, 28Vdc B (Ranges 100#, 200#)SS, BUNA –28-100C 100-200 (B, V)200014014001G, 2G 0.1A 125Vac; 0.1A 30Vdc B (Ranges 500# to 7500#)SS, BUNA –40-100C500-2000 (B, V)8000550550001L, 2L1A 125Vac; 1A 28VdcVSS, BUNA–20-100C 5000-7500 (B, V)150001000100000SPECIFICATIONS:Setpoint:Factory set or field adjustable Setpointrepeatability:±2% of range(Additional setpoint shift of ±2% of range per 40°F from initial setpoint set at 70°F typical)Vibration:Passed MIL-STD-202G Shock:75G’s 10 milliseconds 3 axis Piston:Stainless steel with Viton or Buna-N O-ring Mechanical life piston design:>1,000,000 operations typical Diaphragm:316L SS Mechanical life diaphragm design:>400,000 operations typicalEnclosurematerial:316L SS Enclosure rating:NEMA 6, IP 67Pressure connection:1⁄8NPTF, 1⁄4NPTF, 1⁄4NPTM, 1⁄8NPTM, 7/16-20 SAE M, VCR, VCO, 3⁄4˝ Tri-Clamp , 1.5˝ Tri-Clover ,2.0˝ Tri-Clover , G 1⁄4B, G 1⁄4A Type E Stub endElectrical output:SPDT, or DPDT 5A or 3A 120VAC, 2A @ 30 VDC, gold contacts available Electrical termination:Wire leads, spade terminals or custom cables, 1⁄2NPT conduit c onnec-tion with wire leads, Micro DIN with and without mating connectorApprovals:CRN: OF 14836.5C, CSA: 2454057 (LR55528), UL: E34743, CE, ROHSD I A P H R A G MP I S T O N Tri-Clover is a registered trademark of Alfa Laval Tri-Clamp is a registered trademark of Ladish Co.ᕥRanges (Material) listed in psipsibar, kg/cm 2kPaUp to 200 (S)>9500>655>65,500100-200 (B,V)>10,000>700>70,000500-2000 (B,V)>30,000>2100>210,0005000-7500 (B,V)>50,000>3500>350,000CONFIGURATIONMAX. WORKING PRESSURE “MWP”PROOF PRESSURE “PROOF”RANGES (psi)w/SEALpsibar, kg/cm2kPa MPapsibar kg/cm 2kPaup to 200S 800555500 5.51000707000100-200 B or V 2000140140014200014014000500-2000 B or V 500035035000358000550550005000-7500B or V100007007000070150001000100000A-Series Miniature Watertight Pressure SwitchesAPS – Pressure switch, single setpoint, fixed dead-band, factory set, not field adjustableAPA – Pressure switch, single setpoint, fixed dead-band, field adjustableN4– Watertight 316 SS bodyCode1Single Switch –SPDT2Dual Switch –DPDT (not available with “S”actuator with <100 psi range)CodeDescription011⁄8NPT Male 021⁄4NPT Male 031⁄8NPT Female*12G 1⁄4 A (Type E Stud End)13G 1⁄4 B 251⁄4NPT Female*057⁄16-20 SAE Male 06VCR Fixed*07VCO Fixed*750.75˝ Tri-Clamp connection (includes 3A Approval)†15 1.5˝ Tri-Clover connection (includes 3A Approval)†202.0˝ Tri-Clover connection (includes 3A Approval)†5 characters maximum representing setpoint of the switch in the same units as the range of the switch. For setpoints in Vacuum specify as “– ”pressure.CodeDescriptionXC4Individual certified calibration chart XFP Fungus proofingXMQ Positive Material Identification (75, 15 & 20 process conn. only)XNC 2 wire leads with ground wire –wired for normally closed operationXNO 2 wire leads with ground wire –wired for normally open operation XNH Stainless Steel Tag XNN Paper TagX6BCleaned for Oxygen serviceCodeB 316 SS piston & Buna O-ring, ranges ≥100 psi V 316 SS piston & Viton O-ring, ranges ≥100 psi S 316 SS welded Diaphragm, ranges ≤200 psiCode012C‡½ NPT male conduit connection with18 AWG ˜wires 12˝ length000H Micro DIN Connector – Watertight DIN 43650**FORM C cable socket without mating connector Not available with DPDT switching00MH Micro DIN Connector – Watertight DIN 43650**FORM C cable socket with mating connector Not available with DPDT switching012L‡Wire leads, 3-18 AWG PVC insulated wires12˝ length000N Nonstandard, customer specified see# variation000T Spade terminals, 4 - 0.187˝ male spadeNot available with DPDT switchingActuatorpsiBarkPaKg/cm 2S –15/15#–1/1BR –100/100KP –1/1KSC S 30#2BR 200KP 2KSC S 60#4BR 400KP 4KSC B, S, V 100#7BR 700KP 7KSC B, S, V 200#14BR 1400KP 14KSC B, V 500#35BR 3500KP 35KSC B, V 1000#70BR 7000KP 70KSC B, V 2000#140BR 14000KP 140KSC B, V 5000#350BR 35000KP 350KSC `B, V 7500#500BR 50000KP 500KSCCodeG Gold Contact –0.1 A @ 125 Vac, 0.1 A @ 30 VdcHHigher Current –5A @ 125/250 Vac,5A @ 28 Vdc resistive, 3A @ 28 Vdc inductiveLHigher CurrentGold Contacts –1A @125 Vac,1A @ 28 Vdc resistive, 0.5A @ 28 Vdc InductivePGeneral Purpose –3A @ 125 Vac,2A @30 VdcCodeR Rising Pressure (Increasing Pressure, Decreasing Vacuum)D Decreasing Pressure, (Increasing Vacuum)A-Series Part Number:APSN41H012CS02 30# - 15 R - X6B1. Function:2. Enclosure:3. Micro Switch:4. Electrical Connection:5. Actuator Seal:6. Pressure Connection:7. Pressure Range:8. Setpoint:9. Setpoint Direction:10. Options:HOW TO ORDER:PRESSURE CONNECTION NOTES* Available with “S” activator only.†Ranges ≤ 500 psi .SETPOINT NOTESIf no setpoint is required on an APA switch use either “NSR” or “NSD.” If direction is not known use “NSR” as the default.OPTIONS NOTE SThe X character will only appear before the first option, additional options will just be the two characters. Example: XC4NC6BIf the switch is mounted to a diaphragm seal other than (75, 15, 20 connection) the seal fill fluid is also listed as an X option.**OOOH & OOMH connection are not UL listed. They are CSA listed.ᕦ‡First three digits represent the length of the wire leads in inches. 012, 024, 048 & 072 are standard available lengths. Consult factory for custom length availability.ADDITIONAL SWITCH TERMINOLOGYAccuracy –(See repeatability) Accuracy normally refers to conformity of an indicated value to an accepted standard value. There is no indication in switch products; thus, instead, the term repeatability is used as the key performance measure. Ashcroft A-Series switch accuracy is 2% of nominal range.Automatic Reset Switch –Switch which returns to normal state when actuating variable Pressure is reduced.Adjustable or Operating Range –That part of the nominal range over which the switch setpoint may be adjusted. Normally about 10% to 100% of the nominal range for A-Series pressure switches.Burst Pressure –The maximum pressure that may be applied to a pressure switch without caus-ing leakage or rupture. This is approximately 16X of nominal range for A-Series switches. Diaphragm switches subjected to pressures above the nominal range can be permanently damaged.Deadband –The difference between the setpoint and the resetpoint, normally expressed in units of the actuating variable. Sometimes referred to as differential.Fixed Deadband –The difference between the setpoint and the resetpoint of a pressure switch. It further signifies that this deadband is a fixed func-tion of the pressure switch and not adjustable.National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) –This group has defined several cate-gories of enclosures, usually referred to as “types.”Further, they designate certain features and capa-bilities each type must include.NEMA 6 –Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (falling dirt); to provide a degree of protec-tion with respect to harmful effects on the equip-ment due to the ingress of water (hose directed water and the entry of water during occasional temporary submersion at a limited depth); and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure.Normal Switch Position –Contact position before actuating pressure (or variable) is applied.Normally closed contacts open when the switch is actuated. Normally open contacts close when the switch is actuated.Normally Closed –Refers to switch contacts that are closed in the normal switch state or position (unactuated). A pressure change opens the contacts.Normally Open Switch –Refers to the contacts that are open in the normal switch state or position (unactuated). A pressure change closes the contacts.Overpressure Rating(s) –A nonspecific term that could refer to either burst or proof pressure, or both.Proof Pressure –The maximum pressure which may be applied without causing damage. This is determined under strict laboratory conditions including controlled rate of change and tempera-ture: This value is for reference only. Consult fac-tory for applications where switch must operate at pressures above nominal range or reference tem-perature (70°F).Repeatability (Accuracy) –The closeness of agreement among a number of consecutive mea-surements of the output setpoint for the samevalue of the input under the same operating condi-tions, approaching from the same direction, for full-range traverses. Ashcroft A-series switch repeata-bility is 2% of nominal range.Note:It is usually measured as non-repeatability and expressed as repeatability in percent of span or nominal range. It does not include hysteresis or deadband.Resetpoint –The resetpoint is the Pressure value where the electrical switch contacts will return to their original or normal position after the switch has activated.Setpoint –The setpoint is the Pressure value at which the electrical circuit of a switch will change state or actuate. It should be specified either on increase or decrease of that variable.Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) Switching Element –A SPDT switching element has one normally open, one normally closed, and one com-mon terminal. The switch can be wired with the cir-cuit either normally open (N/O) or normally closed (N/C). SPDT is standard with A-series switches.Double Pole Double Throw (DPDT) Switching Element –Two SPDT switching elements both set to actuate or de-actuate at the same set or reset-point. Each switch one has one normally open,one normally closed, and one common terminal.The switches are independent of each other and can be wired to two independent circuits. The two circuits can either normally open (N/O) or normally closed (N/C).Snap Action –In switch terminology, snap action generally refers to the action of contacts in the switch element. These contacts open and close quickly and snap closed with sufficient pressure to firmly establish an electrical circuit. The term dis-tinguishes products from mercury bottle types that were subject to vibration problems.ᕧA-Series Miniature Watertight Pressure SwitchesCOVERROTATE LEFT <––––TO INCREASE SET POINT ROTATE RIGHT ––––>TO DECREASE SET POINT .095 OR SMALLER TOOL REQUIRED TO ROTATE NUT SLIDE COVER DOWN TO ACCESS SETPOINT ADJUSTMENT. SLIDE COVER UP TO CLOSE AND SEAL ADJUSTMENTFIELD ADJUSTABLE FACTORY SET.095 OR SMALLER TOOL REQUIRED TO ROTATE NUTSLIDE COVER DOWN TO ACCESS SETPOINT ADJUSTMENT. SLIDE COVER UP TO CLOSE AND SEAL ADJUSTMENTFIELD ADJUSTABLEDIMENSIONS:CodeDescriptionDim. CDim. D011/8 NPT Male 0.450.41021/4 NPT Male 0.560.54031/8 NPT Female 0.750.65041/4 NPT Female 0.920.75057/16-20SAE 0.560.4406VCR Fixed Male 0.580.5607VCO Fixed Male 0.470.5615 1.5˝ Tri-Clamp Seal 1.23 1.9920 2.0˝ Tri-Clamp Seal 1.23 2.49753/4˝ Fractional Seal1.100.96DescriptionDim. B1H, 2H, 1L, 2L 1.031P, 2P, 1G, 2G 0.90DescriptionDim. AAPS (Factory Set) 1.06APA (Field Adjustable)1.64MICRO DIN (000H) NO CONN.(001H) WITH CONN.SPADE TERMINALS(000T)1.07.60.591.37.34.41MATINGCONNECTOR1/ NPT CONDUIT (XXXC)XXX = WIRE LENGTH (in.)WIRE LEAD (XXXL) CONNECTION WITH DUAL SWITCH SHOWNXXX = WIRE LENTH (in.)ØSIL 3 CAPABLEBULLETIN SW-AWTAshcroft Inc., 250 East Main Street, Stratford, CT 06614 USA Tel: 203-378-8281 • Fax: 203-385-0408email:*****************•All specifications are subject to change without notice. All sales subject to standard terms and conditions. © 2013 Ashcroft Inc. 7/13LOOK FOR THESE MARKS ON OUR PRODUCTS。
6种房颤管理方法远离卒中并发症1抗凝治疗预防卒中2019AHA/ACC/HRS指南指出抗凝适应证为男性CHA2DS2-VASc评分22分，女性CHA2DS2-VASc评分23分（I类）。
除二尖瓣中、重度狭窄以及机械瓣置换术后的房颤患者外，均应首选新型口服抗凝药（NOAC）。
如患者使用华法林抗凝但不能维持INR水平时，则可以换用NoAC（例如，达比加群、利伐沙班、阿哌沙班和艾多沙班）。
选择抗凝治疗方案时，应注意平衡卒中和出血风险，可通过CHA2DS2-VASc和HAS-BLED等评分系统进行评估，并严格评分，综合选择。
2左心耳封堵研究证实左心耳封堵可降低心血管及全因死亡风险，对卒中的预防效果更佳。
《心房颤动：目前的认识和治疗建议（2018）》指出，对于CHA2DS2-VASC评分22的非瓣膜性房颤患者，具有下列情况之一者可进行左心耳封堵以预防卒中：①不适合长期规范抗凝治疗；②长期规范抗凝治疗的基础上仍发生血栓栓塞事件；③HAS-BLED评分23分，可行经皮左心耳封堵术预防血栓栓塞事件（IIa,B）o3心室率控制房颤心室率控制包括急性心室率控制和长期心室率控制。
房颤患者的最佳心室率控制目标值尚不明确，需根据患者的症状及合并症、心功能状态等情况个体化地确定。
宽松心室率控制（静息心率＜110次∕min）可作为心室率控制的初始心率目标（Ila,B）o若血流动力学不稳定，可直接同步电复律（I,B）。
血流动力学不稳定或左室射血分数（LVEF）显著降低者，可考虑静脉使用胺碘酮以急性控制心室率（lib,O o LVEF240%的房颤患者，可选择口服B受体阻滞剂、非二氢毗咤类钙离子拮抗剂（维拉帕米、地尔硫草）或地高辛（I,B）；LVEF＜40%的房颤患者，可选择口服B受体阻滞剂或地高辛（I,B）。
单一药物未能达到心室率控制目标时，可考虑联合药物治疗（∏a,B）o完善超声心动图检吊（I.O进行室率控制治疗（I.B）.必要时联合为物治疗（Ua.C）初始11标静息心率＜110次∕min（Ila.B）,避免心动过缓左心室射血分数去40%—!- ------------------ YP受体阻维拉帕米/ Wtrr4滞剂地尔破尊世商辛联合用药以达到靶心率目标或进一步控制症状地高节地高辛•剂.或维拉帕------- --------- 米/地尔破草图2房颤心室率控制的药物选择流程推荐静脉使用B受体阻滞剂（艾司洛尔、美托洛尔）或非二氢毗咤类钙离子拮抗剂（维拉帕米、地尔硫草）用于急症但不伴有预激综合征房颤患者的心室率控制。
