4个18650电池组装配示范图
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第8卷 第6期 新 能 源 进 展Vol. 8 No. 62020年12月ADVANCES IN NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGYDec. 2020* 收稿日期:2020-07-17 修订日期:2020-09-08基金项目:广东省普通高校特色创新项目(CQ1700007);广东省重点学科建设项目(CQ1700003);广东省科技创新战略专项资金(大学生科技创新培育)立项项目(pdjh2020b0818)† 通信作者:林 涛,E-mail :************.cn文章编号:2095-560X (2020)06-0455-07NCR18650A 电池的充放电温度特性与管理*林 涛1,2†,赖沛恒1,李丽雅1,韩凤琴1(1. 华南理工大学广州学院 电气工程学院,广州 510800;2. 华南理工大学 电力学院,广州 510640)摘 要:采用实验测试与数值仿真的方法对NCR18650A 三元锂电池组在1 ~ 3 C 放电和1.6 C 充电过程的温升特性进行测试,同时验证所建立电池产热模型的准确性。
结果显示,实验测试结果与电池产热模型仿真结果之间的相对误差在合理范围内,满足工程应用需求。
电池组在自然冷却的情况下,仅在1 C 放电状态下符合其最佳工作区间42.5 ~ 45.0℃的要求,3 C 放电倍率下最高温度为89.4℃。
提出并建立基于热电致冷主动热管理模型,将热电致冷组件设置在电池组上方,致冷功率为50 W 时可有效控制电池组3 C 放电过程的温度,在最佳工作区间实现电池单体温差小于5℃,抑制电池组的热失效并实现良好的均温性。
关键词:NCR18650A ;电池热管理;热电致冷;数值仿真 中图分类号:TK11 文献标志码:ADOI :10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2020.06.002开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID ):NCR18650A Battery Charging and Discharging TemperatureCharacteristics and ManagementLIN Tao 1,2, LAI Pei-heng 1, LI Li-ya 1, HAN Feng-qin 1(1. School of Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou College of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510800, China;2. School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China)Abstract: In order to analyze the temperature rise characteristics of ternary lithium battery during charging and discharging at different rates, the temperature rise characteristics of NCR18650A ternary lithium battery pack during 1-3 C discharge and 1.6 C charging process were tested by experimental test and numerical simulation, and the accuracy of the battery heat generation model was verified. The deviation between the tested result and the simulated result was within a reasonable range, meeting the requirements of engineering application. Under the condition of natural cooling, the battery pack only met the requirements of its best working range of 42.5-45.0o C under 1 C discharge state, and the maximum temperature under 3 C discharge rate was 89.4o C. In order to improve the working performance and safety of power battery, the active thermal management model of thermoelectric refrigeration was established. The thermoelectric cooling module was set above the battery pack. When the cooling power was 50 W, it can reduce the temperature of the battery pack under the 3 C discharge rate and realize that the temperature difference of the battery unit was less than 5o C, effectively suppress the thermal failure of the battery pack and achieve good temperature uniformity.Key words: NCR18650A; battery thermal management; thermoelectric refrigeration; numerical simulation0 引 言随着电动汽车强制性国家标准[1]正式发布,对动力电池的热失控、热扩散与热管理提出更加严格的要求。
光伏储能产业发展及未来趋势摘要:在碳达峰、碳中和目标要求下,储能技术是新能源产业和可再生能源产业等场合的核心技术,国家根据市场发展的需求推出了系列储能政策,促进储能技术的发展。
结合近年来储能技术的相关政策,分析光伏储能电站领域的应用现状,结合国家推行的政策和市场的需要,提出了光伏储能未来将会朝着智能化、标准化和市场化的方向发展。
关键词:储能技术、光伏、锂电池、光伏储能技术1.光伏+储能的必要性1.1背景介绍在可再生能源实践中,储能系统是重要的一环。
储能系统的引入可以对风光出力和能量调度起到平滑作用,在相当程度上改善新能源发电功率的不稳定性。
得益于这一优势,在光伏和风电领域储能被看好。
目前光伏发电系统一般运行于两种模式下,分别是脱网独立运行模式和并网运行模式(1)脱网独立运行模式。
在这种运行模式下,其目的是最大限度地保证家庭设备正常稳定运行。
太阳辐照充足时,除去提供给家庭正常用电外,多余的电能将会通过储能系统储存起来。
当电网侧出现供电问题无法正常供电或者天气呈现阴雨天时,储能系统进行电能释放以保证家庭负载的正常工作。
(2)并网运行模式。
在日间不需要光伏电量以及电网谷价比光伏发电更低的场合,通过光伏系统与电网连接,将多余电能馈送给电网,但是需要注意的是光伏发电电能质量需要满足并网要求。
光伏安全并网的条件为:光伏有功功率变化1min时间尺度不超出装机容量的±10%[2]。
1.2光伏电储能系统的主要研究方向1)光伏储系统集成的研究。
综合考虑复合储能系统的技术和经济性能,建立了反映复合储能系统特性参数和成本特征的数学模型[3],相比于单纯的发电系统模型更为经济可靠。
2)发电与储能容量配置的研究。
从系统供电可靠性、发电功率波动大小以及系统成本等角度出发,致力于提出合理配置复合储能容量的方法[4]。
不仅可以保证资源的合理有效利用,还可降低电网建设和运营等成本。
3)储能系统平抑能力的研究。
针对光伏发电存在不稳定性的问题,基于超短期功率预测,采用先进的控制策略对发电功率波动进行平滑[5],实现对短期发电功率的平抑。
基于UKF的18650锂离子电池健康状况估计汪秋婷;姜银珠;陆赟豪【摘要】根据18650型锂离子单体电池的特性分析,建立了电路等效模型和电化学模型相结合的电池模型,以实时在线辨识锂离子电池欧姆内阻为目标,利用无迹Kalman(UKF)滤波算法,实现了对电池欧姆内阻的在线辨识,开展了锂离子电池健康状况(SOH)估计实验,建立了适用于18650型锂离子电池的SOH估计模型.仿真结果显示,该模型同时考虑电池内阻在不同工况下的变化趋势和充放电电流大小等因素,为实现锂离子电池健康状况精确估计提供了较好的理论基础.【期刊名称】《电源技术》【年(卷),期】2016(040)003【总页数】4页(P543-546)【关键词】18650锂离子电池;健康状况(SOH);UKF【作者】汪秋婷;姜银珠;陆赟豪【作者单位】浙江大学城市学院,浙江杭州310015;浙江大学,浙江杭州310000;浙江大学,浙江杭州310000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TM912锂离子电池的健康状况(SOH,State of Health)是指在一定条件下,电池所能充入或放出电量与电池标称容量的百分比。
相对于锂离子电池荷电状态(SOC)的研究,电池SOH研究相关的文献很少,电池SOH实际表现在电池内部某些参数(如内阻、容量等)的变化上。
SAFT公司的研究人员提出了寿命衰减模型[1],该模型一般只用于作电池寿命衰减的定性分析;NING等[2]根据大量实验数据推导出了一个锂离子电池的循环寿命经验模型,该模型由于考虑电池的很多物理因素,因此,并不能很好地适应不同电池;SALKIND等[3]提出一种基于模糊逻辑的SOH估计算法,通过交流阻抗来估计SOH,该算法目前已经在某些电池管理系统(Battery management system,BMS)中实现,但不太适用于车辆电池管理系统;Jonghoon Kim[4]利用卡尔曼滤波算法估计了电池的内阻和容量的变化规律,为SOH的估计提出了一种新的、有效的方法。
新能源安全与防护18650三元锂电池组热失控蔓延规律研究刘平,崔伦,湛瑞宇,潘仁明(南京理工大学化工学院,江苏南京210094)摘要:为探究电池数量、荷电状态和电池间距对18650三 元锂电池组热失控蔓延的影响,设计并搭建了电池过充引发失控过程特征参数测量的实验平台。
结果表明:在本文实验条件下,单 粒主发电池初爆到火焰熄灭过程约13 s,且不能引发其他电池热失控;但2粒主发电池失控可引发60%S O C以上或电池间距2 m m的单粒被发电池热失控,而40%S O C或间距增至3 m m以上 的单粒被发电池未失控」由此可见,足够电量的被发电池须在主发电池失控过程中获取足够热量和热流强度才会引发失控。
由此 可推出,若电池箱内空气中含足量有效抑爆剂,能够避免明火燃烧;若增加主发与被发电池之间热阻,同样能够避免电池组的热失控蔓延:,关键词:三元锂电池组;热失控;荷电状态;电池间距中图分类号:X932;T M912 文献标志码:A文章编号:1009-0029(2021)03-0429-05锂离子动力电池因具有能量密度大、使用寿命长、自放电率低、无环境污染等性能特点,目前被广泛应用为新 能源汽车的主流动力源。
锂离子电池分为柱状和片状两大类型,其中单粒柱状电池尺寸小、储能低,相反片状电池 尺寸大、储能高。
目前,部分电动汽车使用18650锂离子 柱状电池,由于单粒电池储能十分有限,采用将多粒动力 电池通过串、并联的方式组成电池组以满足高能量的需求。
显然,此类动力电池组中的某粒或多粒电池发生热失 控对其周围电池具有较大的危险性,甚至会导致电池组的 热失控。
国内外学者针对三元锂电池热失控进行了一系列相关研究^ U m b等学者将10粒2.2 A h的18650锂电池以 串、并联方式组成电池模组,并采用针刺方式触发热失控,结果发现在并联方式下电池模组发生热失控蔓延,原因在 于并联时热失控单粒电池短路致使其他电池向其放电,最 终发生电池模组热失控。
RB18L15/RB18L4018V LITHIUM-ION BATTERY PACK ORIGINAL INSTRUCTIONS1. Latches2. Charge level indicator3. Charge level indicator buttonImportant!It is essential that you read the instructions in this manual before operating this machine.Subject to technical modifications.Save all warnings and instructions for future reference.The term "power tool" in the warnings refers to your mains-operated (corded) power tool or battery operated (cordless) power tool.The product is not intended for use by persons (including children) with reduced physical, sensory or mental capabilities, or lack of experience and knowledge, unless they have been given supervision or instruction concerning use of the product by a person responsible for their safety. Children should be supervised to ensure that they do not play with the product.Please read and observe these instructions before using the product.⏹When battery pack is not in use, keep it away fromother metal objects such as paper clips, coins, keys,nails, screws or other small metal objects that canmake a connection from one terminal to another.Shorting the battery terminals together may causesparks, burns or fire.⏹Do not place battery tools or their batteries near fireor heat. This will reduce the risk of explosion andpossible injury.⏹Do not crush, drop or damage battery pack. Do not usea battery pack or charger that has been dropped orreceived a sharp blow. A damaged battery is subject toexplosion. Properly dispose of a dropped or damagedbattery immediately.⏹Batteries can explode in the presence of a sourceof ignition, such as a pilot light. To reduce the riskof serious personal injury, never use any cordlessproduct in the presence of open flame. An explodedbattery can propel debris and chemicals. If exposed,flush with water immediately.⏹Do not charge battery tool in a damp or wet location.Following this rule will reduce the risk of electric shock.⏹For best results, charge the battery tool in a locationwhere the temperature is more than 10°C but less than37°C. To reduce the risk of serious personal injury, donot store outside or in vehicles.⏹Under extreme usage or temperature conditions,battery leakage may occur. If liquid comes in contactwith the skin, wash immediately with soap and water,then neutralize with lemon juice or vinegar. If liquidgets into the eyes, flush them with clean water forat least 10 minutes, then seek immediate medicalattention. Following this rule will reduce the risk ofserious personal injury.Use the battery pack for Ryobi One+ 18V cordlessproducts only.BATTERY PROTECTION FEATURESRyobi One+ 18V lithium-ion battery packs are designedwith features that monitor and protect the lithium-ion cells(active, standby, shut off and sleep modes ) and maximizebattery life.⏹The tool may stop during use to prevent overheating oroverloading of the battery (active mode). In this case,release the trigger to reset and resume operation.⏹If this does not reactivate the tool, the battery iscompletely discharged (stand-by or sleep mode) andneeds to be charged in a compatible charger.⏹The battery can be recharged in stand-by or sleepmode. It is not necessary to completely discharge thebattery pack before recharging.NOTE: A completely discharged battery (sleep mode)needs reactivation before the charging process begins. Toreactivate a battery in sleep mode, place the battery in thecharger and wait for 90 seconds. If the charging processdoes not begin, please remove the battery and wait for 30seconds. Then start a second attempt to re-activate thebattery by placing it in the charger. If the charging processdoes not begin after 3 attempts, the battery may be faulty.In this case, have the battery serviced by a qualifi ed repairperson using only identical replacement parts.NOTE: The LED charge indicator light will not work if thebattery protection feature has caused the battery pack tostop powering the tool (sleep mode). When the chargerresets the battery pack, the LED will again function.⏹The One+ 18V lithium-ion battery packs are equippedwith an additional SHUT-OFF mode, minimizing self-discharge of the battery while the battery is not in use.It will be reactivated automatically when used with atool or by pressing the LED gauge.NOTE: In SHUT-OFF mode, the battery will show lowvoltage when tested with a volt-meter. Use the batteryin a tool or press the LED gauge for read-out of theactual voltage.COLD WEATHER OPERATIONThe lithium-ion battery pack can be used in temperaturesdown to -10°C. Put the battery pack on a tool and use thetool in light duty application. After a while, the battery packwill warm up and begin operating normally.CHARGING THE BATTERY PACKBattery packs are shipped in a low charge condition toprevent possible problems. Therefore, they should becharged prior to fi rst use.NOTE: If the charger does not charge the battery packunder normal circumstances, return both the battery pack and charger to the nearest Ryobi authorised service centre for electrical check.Battery packCompatible charger(not included)RB18L15RB18L40RB18LL40BCL-1418BCL14181HBCL14183HBCL1418IV*BCS-618BCL1800BCS618G* for vehicles' 12V DC outlets⏹Press down on the battery pack to ensure contacts onthe battery pack engage properly with the contacts inthe charger.⏹Connect the charger to the power supply. Make sure itis the required power supply.⏹Make sure the latches on each side of the battery packsnap into place and the battery pack is secured in thecharger before beginning operation.⏹Place the battery pack in the charger aligning raisedrib on the battery pack with the groove in the charger.⏹The battery pack will become slightly warm to thetouch while charging. This is normal and does notindicate a problem.NOTE: Do not place the charger and battery pack in anarea of extreme heat or cold. They will work best at normalroom temperature.⏹Place charger on hard surface not soft (carpet, etc.),when charging batteries.⏹When batteries become fully charged, unplug thecharger from power supply and remove the batterypack.⏹To remove battery pack from the charger, depress thelatches on each side of the battery pack.⏹After normal usage, a minimum of 1 hour chargingtime is required to fully recharge the battery pack.CHARGING A HOT BATTERY PACKWhen using a tool continuously, the battery pack willbecome hot. A hot battery pack should be let to cool beforeattempting to recharge. When a hot battery pack is placedon the charger, the charger may indicate the battery packis not ready to charge. When the battery pack cools, thecharger will automatically begin charging.CHARGING A COOL BATTERY PACKIf the battery is below normal temperature range, the redLED will begin flashing and the green LED will be off.When the battery warms to a temperature of more than0°C, the charger will automatically begin charge mode.CHARGE STATUSSee Fig. 1.To display the amount of charge left in the battery, pressthe Charge level indicator button.MAINTENANCEThe batteries have been designed to provide maximumtrouble-free life. However, like all batteries, they willeventually wear out. DO NOT disassemble battery packand attempt to replace the batteries. Handling of thesebatteries, especially when wearing rings and jewellery,could result in serious burns.To obtain the longest possible battery life, remove thebattery pack from the charger once it is fully charged andready for use.STORAGEFor battery storage longer than 30 days:⏹Store the battery pack where the tem p er a t ure is below27°C.⏹Store battery packs in a "charged" condition (minimumof 30%-50% charged).⏹To charge the battery pack after a six months storageperiod, it is recommended to discharge the battery about 10%-20% (by running it in a tool) and charge afterwards to maximize the battery lifetime.waste. Please recycle where facilities exist.Check with your local authority or retailer forrecycling advice.Techtronic Industries (Australia) Pty. Ltd. Level 1, 660 Doncaster RoadDoncaster, VIC 3108, AustraliaTechtronic Industries New Zealand Ltd. 27 Clemow DriveMt. Wellington, Auckland 1060, New Zealand。
客户名称:杭州万家动力能源有限公司技术说明书18650半自动注液机型号:SYBZY-01北京商驰科技发展有限公司2010年7月北京总部天津部TEL:************TEL:************FAX:************FAX:************1 设备简介1.1 外观及基本原理此型号注液机的基本原理及外观如图1.1和图1.2所示。
图1.1 注液系统机构原理图1.2 注液机外观图本型号注液机主要用于圆柱形铝壳电池的注液,适用于电池型号18650。
在小批量和中试生产18650圆柱锂离子电池的专用生产工艺过程中,本机用于给电芯定量注电解液。
高可靠性的实现18650电芯的高精度注液要求;本机提供了详尽的参数设置功能,方便用户进行注液工艺的研究。
1.3 使用条件洁净车间环境:温度:23±5°C,湿度:≤50%;电源:单相AC220V,50Hz,2.5KV A;压缩空气:0.5~0.6MPa;清洁氮气:0.4~0.5MPa;1.4 性能指标注液机最大功率0.5Kw,由8个注液工位组成。
表1.1 注液机性能指标1.5产品优点1)注液时差压控制(高、低真空切换),可有效抑制电解液的雾化,提高注液效率;2)真空回路追加冷凝装置及活性炭过滤装置,减少回路中的气态电解液,更好的保护真空回路中的元器件;3)注液回路增加DMC清洗功能,防止残留的电解液结晶体堵塞注液回路;4)注液机分8个注液工位,每个工位可以人工独立启闭作业;5)可进行多参数设置,使注液工艺更加灵活、精细化;1.6 使用说明详见SYBZY-01电池注液系统使用维护说明书。
2 机构组成及原理2.1 注液机机构本型号注液机由8个部件组装而成,其中包括机体机架、注液杯、电池载体、注液架、冷凝装置、过滤装置、真空泵和废液搜集装置,下文分别介绍。
1、机体机架该支架包括安装架、电气配电柜及操作面板。
材料95%以上都采用不锈钢材质。
18650型锂离子电池循环性能一致性研究陈聪;陈龙;张兴娟【摘要】特斯拉汽车动力电池组多由18650型锂离子电池组成.在常温常压无热控条件下,用8只松下18650型锂离子电池开展循环试验,对容量、能量和充放电时间随循环次数变化规律进行分析总结,以期找出影响电池一致性因素建立量化模型.试验进行中,在250~ 300次循环间,8节电池性能出现了差异;500次循环后性能差别更明显,其中6节电池已经无法正常循环.将试验结果与使用特斯拉电池管理系统的同型电池测试数据比较,发现管理系统能使电池寿命极大提升.【期刊名称】《电源技术》【年(卷),期】2019(043)001【总页数】4页(P67-70)【关键词】18650型锂离子电池;一致性;充电方式;热控系统【作者】陈聪;陈龙;张兴娟【作者单位】北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院,北京100191;北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院,北京100191;北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院,北京100191【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TM912.9锂离子电池被广泛应用于储能系统、消费电子、电动汽车及航空航天等领域[1-4]。
18650锂离子电池单只容量较小,常以电池组形式应用。
图1为航天电源、便携式计算机电池包和电动汽车电池组应用的实物图片。
图1 18650锂离子电池应用情况NASA曾在其航天任务中选用18650电池,通过串并联为宇航服加热,为便携式工具提供电源[5];部分厂商的笔记本电脑选用18650电池作为电源;Tesla电动汽车则在多个型号、不同续航能力的电动汽车中选用松下18650电池作为动力电源。
因此,单体电池的一致性对于电池组工作的影响尤其重要。
安富强等[6]研究了纯电动汽车用的18650锂离子电池在初始和老化过程中的一致性,分析电流、温度和电压对一致性的影响,得出为提高18650电池的一致性,必须把充放电倍率和温度控制在一定范围内,并应考虑从老化的角度对电池进行分类;Zhang等[7]研究了多节18650锂离子电池在低温下的恒流放电和电化学阻抗谱,得出结论:温度降低,电池的阻抗会增大,各节电池的阻抗差异性也变大,且电池的容量与阻抗存在线性关系。
18650/三元锂电池组保护板MODBUS通信规约1.物理接口RS485波特率为9600BPS,字符格式采用8位数据位,1位停止位,无校验。
2.帧结构采用Modbus规约的RTU(Remote Terminal Unit)方式。
功能码支持功能码03(读数据),06(写状态)。
CRC校验码CRC(Cyclical Redundancy Check)对地址,功能码和数据进行校验,由两字节组成,CRC由传输设备生成,附加在数据帧中,如果由接收到数据计算出来的校验和与附加在数据后的校验和不一致,则有错误发生。
关于CRC生成函数,请参阅附录B内容。
3. 命令解释(支持功能码03)3.1 查询数据,功能码03查询命令帧格式从机响应帧格式3.2 写入数据,功能码06,目前只支持写MOS管状态(55=0x37)写入命令帧格式从机响应帧格式(返回原值)附录A寄存器数据地址定义AI量地址定义当电池串数为16串时,有可能超过65535mV,所以采用10mV为单位发送,最大就会支持655.35V的整组电压注2:单位为0.1k,具体计算方式如下:(发送值– 2731)/10 = 实际温度,即0℃时,发送值为2731,25℃时发送值为 250 + 2731 = 2981;-10℃时发送值为: -100 +2731 = 2631;注3:电流单位采用10mA,带符号位,充电为正,放电为负;也是因为会存在电流会存在超出32767mA的范围,所以采用10mA的单位,最大支持范围为327.67A,比如充电电流为10A,则发送值为1000;如放电电流为10A ,实际发送值为65535 –1000 = 64535;注4:剩余容量单位采用10mAh也是因为数据最大为65535,如果单位为mAh,最大只支持65.535Ah,会存在超出范围,则所以单位都采用10mAh,这样最大会支持655.35Ah。
注5:55寄存器直接读写功能:读功能:查询时,当最低字节的低2位表示MOS的开关状态,bit0为充电,bit1为放电,其他预留,比如当查询到0x03则表示充放电都是打开的,可以进行充放电,当查询到为0x02表示充电MOS关闭,放电是打开,该状态下无法充电。