初中英语语法定语从句精讲精练

定语从句 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有who，whom，whose，which，that，as等和关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。 1、由who，who，whom，whose引导的定语从句 在这类定语从句中，who用作主语，whom用作宾语(可以省略)，whose用作定语。如： This is the man who is looking for you. The actor （whom）you're talking about is in the car. Do you know the singer whose name is Liu Huan? 2、由which引导的定语从句 which在定语从句中作主语、或谓语动词或介词的宾语(可以省略)。如： The bridge which is being built is 5km long. This is the CD (which) he wants. The house in which /where they live is very beautiful. 注： ①whom和which作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在它们之前，也可以放在从句原来的位置上；在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如： The house in which they live is very beautiful. (=The house which they live in is very beautiful.) Lina is the girl with whom I went shopping yesterday. (=Lina is the girl whom I went shopping with yesterday) The actor （whom）you're talking about is in the car. ②如果是引导非限制性定语从句，只能用关系代词which，而不能用that。如： She has lost the book HARRY POTTER, which she likes very much. 3、由that引导的定语从句 that在定语从句中可以指人或物，作主语或谓语动词的宾语(可以省略)，不能作介词的宾语（which才能作介词的宾语）。如： The toy car that was given by my uncle last week is my favourite. The present (that) I got last week was given by my uncle. 在以下几种情况下都只能用that引导定语从句： 1）先行词是不定代词all，few，little，much，something，nothing，anything等。如： All that you have to do every day is to practise speaking more. 2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰的。如： I'll never forget the first lesson that was taught by Mr He. That's the most interesting movie (that) I have ever seen. 3）先行词被all，any，every，each，few，little，no，some等修饰的。如： Have you finished reading all the books (that) I brought you a month ago? 4）先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last等修饰的。如： Miss Sun was the only person (that) I knew at the party. 5）先行词既有人又有物时。如： At the party we talked about things and persons (that) we were interested in. 6）当句中已有who时，为了避免重复。如： Who is the girl that is wearing a red dress? 7）用作关系副词，修饰表示时间的名词如day，time，moment等，代替when。如： The story happened on the day that/when he left his hometown. 4、由where，when，why引导的定语从句。如： Do you know the reason why he was late for school yesterday? I'll never forget the day when I joined the Party. This is the hospital where he was born twenty years ago. 当先行词表示时间或地点时，关系词有时用when，where，有时要用that/which，这主要看它在定语从句中作什么成分而定。如： October 1st, 1949 is the day when new China was founded. (状语) October 1st, 1949 is the day (that) we should remember forever. (宾语) This is the hospital where he was born twenty years ago.（状语） This is the hospital that was built twenty years ago. (主语) 5、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1）限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开。引导限制性定语从句的有关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that等和关系副词where，when，why等。 2）非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有它也不影响主句意思的完整性。通常用逗号把主句和从句分开，关系代词只能用which，而不用that；指人时，要用who/whom。如： He has two brothers, who are both pupils. There are 160 teachers in their school, 97 of whom are women teachers. She has lost the book HARRY POTTER, which she likes very much. 6、as引导的定语从句 1）as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或状语，构成the same...as...，such...as...等结构。如： I like the same sport as he does. (as作宾语) Please do it in the same way as they did. (as作状语) Do you want to buy such a computer as she bought? (as作宾语) 2）as引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。从句说明整个句子，可以放在句首。如： As we all know, Taiwan belongs to China from the ancient time. (as代表整个句子，作宾语) As is known to all, Anne is the top student in her class. (as代表整个句子，作主语) English is very important, as indeed it is. (as代表整个句子，作表语) 这种类似插入语的句式通常有：as is said above，as is already mentioned above，as is known to all，as it is，as is often the case ，as is reported in the newspaper等。 注： ①关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致； ②关系代词whom，which，that在限制性定语从句中作动词的宾语或介词的宾语（该介词没有提前）时，常常省略，但是as一般不能省略。 ③关系代词which和as在定语从句中的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as却可以；在句中时，as有“正如、就象”的含义，而which则无此意。 Ex.1: Choose the best answer: 1. All is needed is lots of money. A. what B. which C. that D. the thing 2. I heard a terrible noise, brought my heart into my mouth. A. this B. that C. it D. which 3. After living in Malaysia for sixty years, he returned to the village he was born and grew up as a child. A. where B. when C. which D. that 4. I don't like she speaks to her mother. A. the way in that B. the way C. the way which D. the way of which 5. is known to all, China is still a country like those in the third world. A. As; developing B. It; developing C. This; developed D. That; developed 6. Who's that beautiful girl wearing a white dress? A. who B. that's C. whose D. whom 7. The house roof is red is being repaired. A. whose B. who's C. which D. that 8. The reason I'm writing to you is to tell you about a picnic on Sunday. A. for B. because C. as D. why 9. Do you know the man came to see Mr. Wang this afternoon? A. who B. which C. whom D. / 10. How many students are there in your class homes are in the city? A. who B. whom C. whose D. that 11. Mr. Long is a man we should learn from. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 12. This is the hill we planted more than 500 trees last year. A. where B. in where C. which D. that 13. The day is not far off the New Year will be celebrated by us. A. where B. when C. which D. that 14. Those want to see the film please put up your hands. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 15. This is the village they visited last month. A. where B. in where C. in which D. that 16. That’s the only thing we can do now. A. when B. who C. which D. that 17. That is the question about they’ve had so much discussion. A. where B. who C. which D. that 18. They will fly to Guangzhou, they plan to stay for a week or two, and then go on to Hong Kong. A. where B. when C. which D. that 19. That is the question they’ve had so much discussion about. A. why B. who C. / D. for that 20. anyone knows, he is blind. A. Which B. As C. That D. Who 参考答案： 1---5：CDABA 6---10：BADAC 11----15：BABAD 16---20：DCACB Ex. 2: Fill in the blank with a proper word: 1. This is the book we’re looking for. 2. Those behave and study well are praised and rewarded. 3. Have you anything in mind you’d like to do this weekend? 4. We took Miss Ye to the waiting room, we had a short rest. 5. There are 16o teachers in our school, about 60% of are women teachers. 6. Oct. 1st , 1949 is the day New China was founded. 7. May 4th is a day I’ll never forget in my life.