Reading Strategies
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Reading StrategiesOrder by Blacktea1.To Be a Sight-Reader（沉默）Do you say words to yourself while you are reading? If yes, then you are a lip reader. This habit slows down your reading speed. Dr. Fry tells us that the mature reader may look at the printed symbol, say “dog”, and get the idea of “dog” without go ing through the intermediate stage of saying the word “dog” to himself. Try to be a sight-reader.2.Read by Phrases（词组）English is a phrasal language; that is, thought units are expressed in small groups of words rather than in single words. The larger phrases you can see at a glance, the faster you can read, and usually, the better comprehension you can achieve. Try to read by phrases, not by single words.3.The motivation（动力）Reading rate is quite easy for most people to improve. The amount of improvement you experience will depend on a number of factors. Your current level of skill, your school history, your reading vocabulary, and your general knowledge of the world will all play a part.However, the most important factor is your motivation. You have to be eager to improve and be willing to try new ways to readfaster.4.Read critically（批判）Think about the text in three waysi．First, consider the text itself, the basic information right there on the page.ii．Then think about what is between the lines, the conclusions and inferences the author means you to draw from the text. （iii．Finally, go beyond thinking about the text. What creative, new, and different thoughts occur as you combine your knowledge and experiences with the ideas in the reading?5.The general steps⏹Skillful reading is an important part of learning English. Followingis a series of four steps that will make you a better reader. ①．Concentrate As You Read⏹To improve your concentration, follow these tips:⏹* First, read in a place where you can be quiet and alone. Don'tchoose a spot where there is a TV or stereo on or where friends or family are talking nearby.⏹* Next, sit upright when you read. If your body is in a completelyrelaxed position, sprawled across a bed or nestled in an easy chair, your mind is also going to be completely relaxed. The lightmuscular tension that comes from sitting in a straight chairpromotes concentration and keeps your mind ready to work.⏹* Third, consider using your index finger (or a pen) as a pacerwhile you read. Lightly underline each line of print with your index finger as you read down a page. Hold your hand slightly above the page and move your finger at a speed that is a little too fast forcomfort. This pacing with your index finger, like sitting upright in a chair, creates a slight physical tension that will keep your body and mind focused and alert.②．Skim Material Before You Read It⏹In skimming, you spend about two minutes rapidly surveying aselection, looking for important points and skipping secondarymaterial. Follow this sequence when skimming:⏹* Begin by reading the overview (综述) that precedes theselection.⏹* Then study the title of the selection for a few moments. A goodtitle is the shortest possible summary of a selection; it often tellsyou in several words—or even a single word—just what a selection is about. For example, the title "Shame" suggests that you're going to read about a deeply embarrassing condition or incident in aperson's life.⏹*Next, form a question (or questions) based on the title. Forinstance, for the selection titled "Shame," you might ask, "Whatexactly is the shame?" "What caused the shame?" "What is theresult of the shame?" Using a title to form questions is often a keyto locating a writer's thesis, your next concern in skimming.⏹* Read the first and last couple of paragraphs in the selection. Veryoften a writer's thesis, if it is directly stated, will appear in one ofthese places and will relate to the title. For instance, in "Why AreStudents Turned Off?" the author says in his second paragraphthat "many students are turned off because they have little power and responsibility for their own education."⏹* Finally, look quickly at the rest of the selection for other clues toimportant points. Are there any subheads you can relate in someway to the title? Are there any words the author has decided toemphasize by setting them off in italic or boldface type? Are there any major lists of items signaled by words such as first, second,also, another, and so on?③．Read the Selection Straight Through with a Pen in Hand⏹Read the selection without slowing down or turning back; just aimto understand as much as you can the first time through. Write astar beside answers to basic questions you formed from the title,and beside other ideas that seem important. Number lists ofimportant points: 1,2,3,....Circle words you don't understand.Write question marks in the margins next to passages that areunclear and that you will want to reread.④．Work with the Material⏹Go back and reread passages that were not clear the first timethrough. Look up words that block your understanding of ideasand write their meaning in the margin. Also, reread carefully theareas you identified as most important; doing so will enlarge yourunderstanding of the material. Now that you a sense of the whole, prepare a short written outline of the selection by answeringthese questions:⏹*What is the thesis?⏹* What key points support the thesis?⏹* What seem to be other important ideas in the⏹selection?6.“Float” Your Eyes down the pagesA slow reader tends to focus on nearly every word, or every half-inch or so along the line. Yet the average eye span is 1.5 to 2 inches in diameter.One of the essential skills for reading fast is to learn to read the lines. Learn to focus less often as you read and not to peer tensely at the words. Let your eyes “float” down the pages.7.— skimming for stated main idea— paying attention to the topic sentences, usually the first or the last sentence— identifying opinions and facts说明：1.一篇文章的大意常常会在第一段直接阐述，中间段落通常是具体的说明、论证、列举等，而最后一段则往往是全文的总结。
