NATURE-OF-RELATIONSHIP-MARKETING关系营销的本质大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
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浅谈关系营销概述关系营销(Relationship Marketing)是一种以建立并维护长期的、个性化的客户关系为重点的营销战略。
相比于传统的交易导向型营销,关系营销注重与客户的长期互动和合作,以提供更好的客户体验、增强客户忠诚度和提高客户满意度为目标。
本文将从关系营销的定义、目标、重要性和实施步骤等方面进行阐述。
关系营销的定义关系营销是建立在相互信任、合作和共赢的基础之上,通过互动和沟通建立长期稳定的客户关系,同时使客户满意和忠诚的营销战略。
关系营销强调与客户的长期关系,倡导个性化的服务和定制化的营销策略,以满足客户的多样化需求。
关系营销的目标关系营销的主要目标是建立长期稳定的客户关系,通过与客户的良好互动和合作,提高客户的满意度和忠诚度,并实现双方的共赢。
关系营销通过建立可持续的客户关系,帮助企业稳定市场份额,提高品牌形象和美誉度,增加客户口碑和推荐,促进销售增长和利润提升。
关系营销的重要性提高客户满意度和忠诚度关系营销通过个性化的服务和定制化的营销策略,更好地满足客户的需求,增强客户的满意度和忠诚度。
客户在感受到企业关心和关爱的同时,更有可能选择继续购买企业的产品或服务,建立长期稳定的合作关系。
增强品牌形象和美誉度关系营销体现了企业对客户的关注和认可,有助于提升企业的品牌形象和美誉度。
通过与客户的互动和合作,企业能够树立良好的口碑,赢得更多的客户信任,增加品牌影响力,进而在激烈的市场竞争中脱颖而出。
促进销售增长和利润提升关系营销可以帮助企业保留现有客户和吸引新客户,增加销售额和市场份额,从而实现销售增长和利润提升。
与传统的交易导向型营销相比,关系营销更注重长期效益,通过与客户的持续互动和合作,培养客户忠诚度,提高客户生命周期价值。
关系营销的实施步骤关系营销的实施需要通过以下步骤来完成:1. 客户识别和分类在关系营销中,首先需要通过市场调研和数据分析等方式,识别和分类不同的客户群体。
根据客户的特征和需求,将其分为不同的细分市场,并确定目标客户群体。
关系营销 (Relationship Marketing)所谓关系营销,是把营销活动看成是一个企业与消费者、供应商、分销商、竞争者、政府机构及其他公众发生互动作用的过程,其核心是建立和发展与这些公众的良好关系。
1985年,巴巴拉·本德·杰克逊,他提出了关系营销的概念,使人们对市场营销理论的研究,又迈上了一个新的台阶。
关系营销理论一经提出,迅速风靡全球,杰克逊也因此成了美国营销界倍受瞩目的人物。
巴巴拉·本德·杰克逊为美国著名学者,营销学专家。
他对经济和文化都有很深入的研究。
科特勒评价说,“杰克逊的贡献在于,他使我们了解到关系营销将使公司获得较之其在交易营销中所得到的更多。
”关系营销的本质特征可以概括为以下几个方面:1.双向沟通在关系营销中,沟通应该是双向而非单向的。
只有广泛的信息交流和信息共享,才可能使企业赢得各个利益相关者的支持与合作。
2.合作一般而言,关系有两种基本状态,即对立和合作。
只有通过合作才能实现协同,因此合作是“双赢”的基础。
3.双赢即关系营销旨在通过合作增加关系各方的利益,而不是通过损害其中一方或多方的利益来增加其他各方的利益。
4.亲密关系能否得到稳定和发展,情感因素也起着重要作用。
因此关系营销不只是要实现物质利益的互惠,还必须让参与各方能从关系中获得情感的需求满足。
5.控制关系营销要求建立专门的部门,用以跟踪顾客、分销商、供应商及营销系统中其他参与者的态度,由此了解关系的动态变化,及时采取措施消除关系中的不稳定因素和不利于关系各方利益共同增长因素。
此外,通过有效的信息反馈,也有利于企业及时改进产品和服务,更好地满足市场的需求。
[编辑本段]关系营销的基本模式(一)关系营销的中心----顾客忠诚在关系营销中,怎样才能获得顾客忠诚呢?发现正当需求----满足需求并保证顾客满意----营造顾客忠诚,构成了关系营销中的三部曲:1.企业要分析顾客需求、顾客需求满足与否的衡量标准是顾客满意程度:满意的顾客会对企业带来有形的好处(如重复购买该企业产品)和无形产品(如宣传企业形象)。
关系营销策划关系营销(Relationship Marketing)是一种通过建立和维护良好的客户关系来促进长期业务发展的营销策略。
它强调企业与客户之间的互动与合作,以提高客户忠诚度和满意度,从而增加销售和利润。
在今天竞争激烈的市场环境中,关系营销策划成为企业获取竞争优势的重要手段。
1. 关系营销的重要性关系营销的核心理念是建立稳固、持久的客户关系,通过与客户的交流和互动,实现长期合作和共赢。
相较于单纯的交易性营销,关系营销更加注重客户的个性化需求和价值创造,有以下几个重要的优势:1.1 客户忠诚度提升关系营销的一个重要目标是提高客户忠诚度。
通过与客户建立深入的互动,了解客户的需求和偏好,并提供个性化的产品和服务,可以增加客户对企业的依赖和信任。
忠诚的客户更有可能成为企业的长期合作伙伴,为企业带来更多的业务机会。
1.2 口碑传播和推荐通过关系营销,企业可以建立良好的口碑和形象,提高品牌美誉度。
忠诚的客户不仅会继续购买企业的产品和服务,还会主动向他人推荐。
口碑传播具有较高的可信度和影响力,可以为企业带来更多的潜在客户和业务机会。
1.3 降低营销成本与新客户相比,维护老客户的成本要低得多。
通过关系营销,企业可以通过与老客户的深入合作,提高运营效率和降低销售成本。
此外,忠诚客户的购买力通常更高,对企业的贡献也更为显著。
2. 关系营销策划的关键要素要实施一次成功的关系营销策划,以下几个要素是至关重要的:2.1 目标客户群体的定义关系营销的目标是建立与客户的良好关系,因此首先需要明确目标客户群体。
通过市场调研和数据分析,了解客户的特征、需求和购买行为,有针对性地制定营销策略。
2.2 个性化的沟通和互动个性化的沟通和互动是关系营销的核心。
通过定制化的沟通内容和方式,将企业的关怀和价值传达给客户,建立起与客户的情感联系。
同时,积极倾听客户的反馈和建议,为客户提供更好的体验和价值。
2.3 建立客户数据库建立客户数据库是关系营销的重要基础。
《关系营销Relationship Marketing》教案章节一:关系营销简介1.1 教学目标了解关系营销的定义和发展历程理解关系营销的核心理念和价值掌握关系营销与传统营销的区别1.2 教学内容关系营销的定义和发展历程关系营销的核心理念:顾客导向、长期利益、互动沟通、合作伙伴关系关系营销与传统营销的比较:目标、策略、执行方式1.3 教学方法讲授法:讲解关系营销的定义、发展历程和核心理念对比法:分析关系营销与传统营销的差异案例分析:分享关系营销的成功案例,引导学生理解关系营销的价值章节二:关系营销战略2.1 教学目标掌握关系营销战略的制定方法和步骤了解关系营销战略的关键要素理解关系营销战略与组织目标的关系2.2 教学内容关系营销战略的制定方法和步骤:市场调研、目标市场选择、合作伙伴选择、战略制定关系营销战略的关键要素:顾客价值、顾客满意度、顾客忠诚度、合作伙伴关系管理关系营销战略与组织目标的关系:组织目标对关系营销战略的影响、关系营销战略对组织目标的支持2.3 教学方法讲授法:讲解关系营销战略的制定方法和步骤、关键要素案例分析:分析成功的关系营销战略案例,引导学生理解关系营销战略的重要性章节三:关系营销执行3.1 教学目标掌握关系营销的执行方法和技巧了解关系营销中的顾客关系管理理解关系营销在组织中的作用和影响3.2 教学内容关系营销的执行方法和技巧:沟通策略、个性化服务、顾客参与、顾客反馈关系营销中的顾客关系管理:顾客信息管理、顾客满意度管理、顾客忠诚度管理关系营销在组织中的作用和影响:提高组织竞争力、增加组织收入、降低组织成本3.3 教学方法讲授法:讲解关系营销的执行方法和技巧、顾客关系管理的重要性案例分析:分析成功的关系营销执行案例,引导学生理解关系营销的作用和影响章节四:关系营销评估与改进4.1 教学目标掌握关系营销评估的方法和指标了解关系营销改进的策略和步骤理解关系营销评估与改进的重要性4.2 教学内容关系营销评估的方法和指标:顾客满意度调查、顾客忠诚度分析、合作伙伴满意度评估关系营销改进的策略和步骤:问题识别、原因分析、改进策略制定、改进实施关系营销评估与改进的重要性:提高关系营销效果、持续优化关系营销战略4.3 教学方法讲授法:讲解关系营销评估的方法和指标、改进的策略和步骤案例分析:分析成功的关系营销评估与改进案例,引导学生理解关系营销评估与改进的重要性章节五:关系营销案例分析5.1 教学目标分析并理解成功的关系营销案例学习关系营销的最佳实践培养学生的关系营销思维和应用能力5.2 教学内容选择具有代表性的关系营销成功案例分析案例中的关系营销策略和执行方法总结案例中的成功经验和启示5.3 教学方法案例分析法:引导学生分析关系营销案例,理解关系营销的策略和执行方法讨论法:组织学生讨论案例中的成功经验和启示,培养学生的关系营销思维和应用能力分享法:邀请行业专家或企业代表分享实际的关系营销经验和最佳实践章节六:关系营销与社交媒体6.1 教学目标理解社交媒体在关系营销中的作用掌握利用社交媒体进行关系营销的策略与技巧了解社交媒体关系营销的案例分析6.2 教学内容社交媒体在关系营销中的角色:提高品牌知名度、增强顾客参与度、扩大顾客基础利用社交媒体进行关系营销的策略:内容营销、互动营销、社区营销、影响力营销社交媒体关系营销的案例分析:分析成功利用社交媒体进行关系营销的案例,提取关键要素6.3 教学方法讲授法:讲解社交媒体在关系营销中的作用和策略案例分析法:分析社交媒体关系营销案例,引导学生理解策略与技巧章节七:关系营销与客户关系管理(CRM)7.1 教学目标理解客户关系管理(CRM)在关系营销中的重要性掌握CRM系统的功能与运用了解如何通过CRM提升关系营销效果7.2 教学内容客户关系管理(CRM)在关系营销中的作用:整合顾客信息、提升顾客满意度、实现顾客忠诚CRM系统的功能:销售管理、市场营销、客户服务、数据分析通过CRM提升关系营销效果的策略:个性化沟通、顾客数据分析、顾客价值最大化7.3 教学方法讲授法:讲解CRM在关系营销中的作用和功能案例分析法:分析成功运用CRM进行关系营销的案例,引导学生理解策略与技巧章节八:关系营销与忠诚计划8.1 教学目标理解忠诚计划在关系营销中的重要性掌握设计有效忠诚计划的原则与方法了解忠诚计划在实际案例中的运用8.2 教学内容忠诚计划在关系营销中的作用:提高顾客满意度、实现顾客忠诚、增加顾客粘性设计有效忠诚计划的原则:顾客需求导向、公平合理、易于执行忠诚计划的设计方法:积分奖励、会员制度、个性化服务忠诚计划在实际案例中的运用:分析成功实施忠诚计划的案例,提取关键要素8.3 教学方法讲授法:讲解忠诚计划在关系营销中的作用和设计原则案例分析法:分析忠诚计划在实际案例中的运用,引导学生理解策略与技巧章节九:关系营销与跨文化交流9.1 教学目标理解跨文化交流在关系营销中的重要性掌握跨文化交流的基本原则与技巧了解跨文化交流在关系营销中的实际应用9.2 教学内容跨文化交流在关系营销中的作用:拓展国际市场、提高顾客满意度、增强品牌影响力跨文化交流的基本原则:尊重文化差异、保持开放态度、有效沟通跨文化交流的技巧:语言沟通、非语言沟通、文化适应跨文化交流在关系营销中的实际应用:分析成功实施跨文化交流的关系营销案例,提取关键要素9.3 教学方法讲授法:讲解跨文化交流在关系营销中的作用和基本原则案例分析法:分析跨文化交流在实际应用中的案例,引导学生理解策略与技巧章节十:关系营销的未来趋势与挑战10.1 教学目标理解关系营销的未来发展趋势掌握应对关系营销挑战的策略与方法了解关系营销在未来的创新应用10.2 教学内容关系营销的未来发展趋势:数据驱动的决策、的应用、更加个性化的服务关系营销面临的挑战:隐私保护、市场竞争、顾客需求变化应对关系营销挑战的策略:建立信任、创新服务模式、加强合作伙伴关系关系营销在未来的创新应用:分析关系营销在未来的创新案例,提取关键要素10.3 教学方法讲授法:讲解关系营销的未来发展趋势和面临的挑战案例分析法:分析关系营销在未来的创新应用案例,引导学生理解策略与技巧讨论法:组织学生讨论关系营销的未来发展趋势和挑战,激发学生的创新思维重点和难点解析:1. 章节二和章节三中的关系营销战略的制定方法和步骤、关键要素以及关系营销的执行方法和技巧是重点。
《关系营销Relationship Marketing》教案一、课程简介章节名称:第一章关系营销概述教学目标:1. 理解关系营销的概念和重要性;2. 掌握关系营销的核心要素和基本原则;3. 了解关系营销的发展历程和趋势。
教学内容:1. 关系营销的定义和特点;2. 关系营销的核心要素:客户价值、客户关系、客户满意度和忠诚度;3. 关系营销的基本原则:互利性、互动性、长期性和个性化;4. 关系营销的发展历程和趋势。
教学方法:1. 讲授:讲解关系营销的概念和核心要素;2. 案例分析:分析关系营销的成功案例,加深学生对关系营销的理解;3. 小组讨论:分组讨论关系营销的基本原则和发展趋势。
教学评估:1. 课堂参与度:评估学生在讨论中的表现和提问;2. 案例分析报告:评估学生对关系营销案例的分析能力;3. 课后作业:评估学生对关系营销知识的理解和应用能力。
二、课程简介章节名称:第二章客户关系管理教学目标:1. 理解客户关系管理的重要性;2. 掌握客户关系管理的核心流程和工具;教学内容:1. 客户关系管理的定义和目的;2. 客户关系管理的核心流程:客户识别、客户细分、客户接触和客户关怀;3. 客户关系管理的工具:CRM系统、社交媒体和移动应用;4. 建立和维护良好客户关系的方法和技巧。
教学方法:1. 讲授:讲解客户关系管理的概念和核心流程;2. 实操演练:学生分组练习使用CRM系统和社交媒体进行客户关系管理;教学评估:1. 实操演练表现:评估学生对CRM系统和社交媒体的使用能力;2. 小组讨论报告:评估学生对建立和维护良好客户关系的理解和应用能力;3. 课后作业:评估学生对客户关系管理知识的理解和应用能力。
三、课程简介章节名称:第三章客户满意度和忠诚度教学目标:1. 理解客户满意度和忠诚度的概念和重要性;2. 掌握提高客户满意度和忠诚度的方法和策略;3. 学习如何测量和评估客户满意度和忠诚度。
教学内容:1. 客户满意度和忠诚度的定义和关系;2. 提高客户满意度的方法和策略:个性化服务、服务质量提升和客户参与度增加;3. 提高客户忠诚度的方法和策略:客户忠诚计划、客户关系管理和客户价值实现;4. 测量和评估客户满意度和忠诚度的指标和工具。
关系营销课程教学大纲课程名称:关系营销英文名称:Relationship Marketing课程编号:x4060861学时数:32其中实验(实训)学时数:0课外学时数:0学分数:2.0适用专业:市场营销一、课程的性质和任务《关系营销》是上个世纪80年代在市场营销学基础上开展起来的市场营销前沿学科,目前成为市场营销类专业基础课,它是管理学、营销学和心理等学科的交叉学科,对市场营销专业学生而言,是从传统的市场营销知识向新型营销理念的过渡。
二、课程教学内容的基本要求、重点和难点(一)关系营销概述掌握关系营销的概念、特点、范围;了解关系营销的实质、作用机理;了解关系营销与传统营销的管理;理解关系营销与价值链、核心竞争力之间的关系。
重点:关系营销的概念、特点、范围难点:关系营销与价值链、核心竞争力之间的关系。
(二)关系营销与客户关系掌握客户关系层次、客户让渡价值、客户盈利能力;理解顾客价值的实现、企业与顾客的关系模型;了解并比拟客户满意与客户忠诚和阻碍客户忠诚的儿对矛盾掌握建立客户忠诚的方法;重点:客户关系层次、客户让渡价值、客户盈利能力难点:顾客价值的实现、企业与顾客的关系模型。
(三)客户开发营销了解客户购买决策的影响因素特征;掌握客户开发步骤;理解客户开发技巧;理解所分析案例。
重点:客户开发步骤。
难点:客户开发技巧;案例分析。
(四)渠道管理中的关系管理了解生产商与供应商的关系类型,生产商与分销商关系类型;掌握生产商实施关系渠道管理方法和渠道关系营销的关键;理解所分析案例。
重点:生产商实施关系渠道管理方法和渠道关系营销的关键。
难点:案例分析。
(五)与供应商的关系了解供应商的分类以及供应商关系的演变;掌握与供应商的几种关系的考核指标;掌握如何把握与供应商的关系重点:供应商的几种关系的考核指标;如何把握与供应商的关系(六)与分销商的关系了解五种基本权力、分销渠道中的冲突和构建伙伴型营销渠道的途径掌握在分销市场扁平滑的趋势下分销商如何重新找准自身的位置;理解所举案例。
关系营销及其在企业实体中的作用Relationship Marketing Itsrole in Business EntityRelationship Marketing: A business establishment has to ensure that it is able to attract and retain customers for achieving growth, profitability, and sustainability. The importance of retaining customers into the business is of prime importance and hence for most of the business establishments, customer retention is more essential than customer acquisition.A business entity achieves most of its profitability from repeat customers or the brand loyal customers that are retained into thebusiness by implementing ethical and effective customer relationship management strategies. The customers need to be made to feel special and respected by the business entity that will keep them attracted toward the brand and restrain them from venturing away into some other rival brands.Therefore, it is the responsibility of a business entity to ensure that there are sound relationship marketing strategies and techniques that are driven toward attracting the customers and retaining them into the business.Relationship Marketing with customersThe stronger the relationship between the business and its customers, more is the chance of achieving effective customer retention. Today,the supremacy and success of a business establishment are measured through the customer retention rate that is achieved by the business on a year-on-year basis.Therefore, relationship building with the customers is a mandate that every business organization must undertake in order to keep the majority of the target customers attracted toward the brand. A relationship can be developed with customers through the implementation of diverse strategies and techniques by a business entity.Uses of Relationship MarketingRelationship marketing is one of the most popular and widely used strategies that is deployed by most of the business entities todayfor ensuring that they are able to build and nurture a close bonding with the customers such that they turn into loyal customers of the business. It is evident that the major portion of business comes from the existing customers as compared to the new customers.This is because, the old customers of the business are conscious and used to with the level of products and services being offered by the business and hence, they have developed the desired trust and confidence on the business that drives them toward undertaking repeat purchases from the business organization. Relationship marketing plays a key role as a marketing technique of a brand that is intended to develop, strengthen and sustain a long-term relationship between the business organization and the target customers.What research says?According to research undertaken by Frederick Reichheld of Bain & Company, around 5% increase in customer retention by a business has the potential to enhance the revenue of the business by around 25-90%. One of the renowned global brands, American Express also determined that it is the existing and loyal customers of a business that mainly spend more as compared to the new customers.The reason being that the existing customers have already determined the worth of the brand and they are willing to stay loyal to the brand as they are confident about the good intentions of the brand to serve them ethically and in a dedicated manner.A customer will make repeat purchases from a brand if he or she is confident that the products or services offered by the brand will offer value-for-money. Hence, relationship marketing strategies need to be prudent in order to ensure that each of the customers of the business is treated with empathy, respect, and concern and in the future products and services are offered to them as per their tastes and preferences.This will surely increase the level of customer satisfaction and customer retention. We can say that the success or failure of a modern business entity is entirely dependent on the effectiveness of relationship marketing strategies that are developed and implemented by the marketing department of the business.What is the concept of Relationship Marketing?The concept of relationship marketing can be described as a technique of marketing undertaken by a business organization that focuses on developing deeper and stronger relationships with the target customers so that the customers can enjoy long-term satisfaction from the products and services offered by the company. This leads to the generation of brand loyalty for the business by the customers.Target of Relationship MarketingThe target of relationship marketing is not to achieve short-term goals such as some quick revenues and profitability, but the aim is to ensure customer satisfaction for a long-term that will lead to effective customer retention. Relationship marketing strategies enable a deeper understanding of the needs of each of the customers of a business so that effectivemarketing strategies can be formulated for each one of them.Today, a business needs to ensure that it is able to take proper care of each of its customers so that they can be served in the most effective manner. The ultimate objectives are to foster a warm and friendly relationship with the customers in such a way that they have the intent and the desire to continue this mutually beneficial relationship for a long period of time. We can say that the key purpose of relationship marketing is to address the needs of the target customers in the most effective manner.Customer relationship managementIn today’s business entities the management focuses on strategies of customer relationshipmanagement (CRM) which has been emerging as one of the most significant areas of study in the domain of relationship marketing strategies that are undertaken by several business entities around the world. The modern techniques and strategies of relationship marketing are dependent on Information Technology (IT) to a great extent.We know that a modern business entity has to deal with a lot of information related to its customers in order to analyze and determine the likings and preferences for types of products and services preferred by each of the customers. Managing and dealing with such voluminous data is a highly challenging task for the business organization and hence, it adopts an IT-based framework that is needed to support the modernapplications of customer relationship management.Concept of customer relationship managementThe concept of customer relationship management includes processes such as analysis of sales to each of the customers, analysis of the profiles of the customers, analysis of various marketing and sales campaigns, analysis of loyalty, analysis of customer contacts and analysis of profitability. One of the other strategies of relationship marketing is the Database Marketing (DbM) technique.Database MarketingDatabase Marketing (DbM) can be defined as the process in which databases are used for analyzing customer information that will lead to the formulation of effective marketing strategies for each of the customers. One of the key advantages of using DbM is that it offers individualized attention to the needs and preferences of each of the customers.The system undertakes personalized communication with each of the customers and relevant advertising and promotional strategies are shared with them based on their choice of products and services. Therefore, the modern development in IT, software and hardware technologies have made it convenient for the business organizations to handle customer data in a more effective and ethical manner.Relationship Marketing TechnologyOne of the key aspects of relationship marketing that we should consider is the development of relationship marketing technology. This technique deeper understanding of the needs and expectations of the consumers from the business based on which effective marketing strategies can be deployed for each of the consumers.It can be said that within the purview of relationship marketing strategies, the role of Direct Marketing (DM) techniques and strategies is also quite significant as it plays a major role in the domain of relationship marketing for a business establishment.Direct marketingDirect marketing is also referred to as One-to-one marketing strategy as it offers the solutions to the customers solely on an individualized basis which means that the products or services are offered to a customer based on his or her need entirely. It is essential for a business organization to have a direct marketing channel so that it can visit each of the prospective customers in person and try to analyze their perspectives about the product or service, their usefulness to the customers, prices they are willing to pay, future suggestions about the product or service and others.This information is of high value to the marketer as it will help to develop the future products and services accordingly for that particular customer.Role of Relationship MarketingRelationship marketing plays a major role in understanding customer relationships and the ways in which a business can develop and make them more prudent in the future so that the best possible services can be guaranteed to every customer of the business. There are several roles that are played by relationship marketing on behalf of a business entity. One such role is the ‘Moment of Truth’.It is observed mainly in the service industries that there is a willingness of the business to have direct contact with the customers that are also referred to as the social contact between the firm and its customers. This interaction between the business and the customer is referred to as the service encounter and it is a highly essential factor for determining theexperience of the customers through the moment of truth.We can understand from the discussion so far that relationship marketing plays a key role in improving the profitability of a business entity. This is because the formation of close and warm bonding with each of the customers of the business enhances the degree of services and hence increases customer satisfaction significantly.The enhancement in the quality of the products and services is achieved as there is effective fostering of the relationship of the business with its customers. The formation of customer satisfaction occurs when a customer finds that the business is offering products and services to him or her based on what he or she desired.This increases the credibility of the business manifold in the eyes of the customer and this naturally ensures his or her retention into the business. In turn, the increased rate of retention enhances the level of profitability for the business.Another perceived benefit of relationship marketing is the development of long-term and meaningful partnerships with several entities and stakeholders of the business. Relationship marketing makes it possible for a business to develop several external relationships and nurture them effectively by forming networks with individuals, and collaborations with various organizations such as alliances.Therefore, personal relationships with several business partners enhance the level of socialcontacts and help in fostering more sustainable relationships between the business and its customers. Personal selling is one of the most effective strategies that is undertaken by a business for improving the relationship between the buyer and the seller. This strategy in relationship marketing highlights the essence that a business puts on its individual customers.Process of Relationship MarketingProcess of Relationship MarketingIt is understandable that one of the major roles of relationship marketing strategies is to achieve buy-in of customer attention. There should at least be two individuals for forming a relationship. This relationship strategy should be fostered for all the major stakeholders of the business such as the customers, employees, suppliers, and other entities.If proper relationship building strategies are developed by a business then the stakeholders such as the customers will appreciate those strategies and objectives. The employees should be dedicated to offering the expected level of ethical and dedicated services to the customers such that there is enhanced customer satisfaction leading to much-improved retention.This can be achieved by a business by decreasing the investment behind advertising and increasing the investment behind customer care services. Customer attention can be bought in for a long period of time if effective engagements are made with the customers on a long-term.To discuss the role of relationship marketing one must not forget the essence of protecting theemotional wellbeing of the customers. This strategy is to be undertaken in such a way that the minimum possible customer dissatisfaction occurs. The customers must feel that they are cared for and are important for the sustainability and growth of the business establishment.Taking care of personal information of customers is another crucial strategy to ensure adequate customer satisfaction. The customers also need supply security in the long-term along with the assurance of the highest possible standard of customer care.The sudden fluctuations in demand and supply should also be managed prudently by a business for ensuring that it is able to take care of the emotional wellbeing of the customers in the most effective manner. Prudent relationshipmarketing strategies take care of preserving customer respect, prestige, and wellbeing. Hence, we can say that the emotional wellbeing of the consumers increases satisfaction and retention that a business seeks to achieve.One of the important aspects of relationship marketing is to understand consumer psyche. There are occasional shifts in the psyche of the consumers due to several internal external factors that stimulate the psychological makeup of the consumers under diverse circumstances.Since an existing customer has a long association and a warm bonding with the business organization for a long period of time it is essential for the business to rightly identify the psychological state of the consumers so that the products and services can be designedaccording to the needs of the consumers and at the same time offered to them in the most appropriate manner that will create adequate customer satisfaction and thereby be a profitable strategy for the business.The understanding of the psychology and the behavioral traits of the consumers ensures that information gaps are reduced significantly and the business is able to gather information advantage in the domain of competition which will offer the desired competitive edge to the business establishment.This approach contributes to effective acquiring of new customers and at the same time offering new products and services by significantly improving the offering to the customers. It alsofacilitates in trying and testing new product and service concepts.The consumers are delighted if the individual consumer psyche is understood effectively. It offers the business the opportunity to become a favorite brand for the target consumers and become a brand specialist. We can say that relationship marketing is instrumental in building trust with customers.Trust of the customers lead to relational exchange that results in mutually beneficial relationships and development of trust between the business and the customers is necessary because the relationship marketing processes symbolize the trust of the customers on the business establishment.We have understood that relationship marketing strategy is the recipe of success for a business organization irrespective of its sector of operation. Relationship marketing offers solely personalized and customer-centric services to the target segment of the consumers by a business entity.When a business creates a relationship marketing strategy and engages with the consumers the major concern of the business is the customers and not the product or service itself. For achieving a successful relationship marketing strategy it is essential for a business establishment to select the appropriate channels of supporting consumers in a direct manner whenever the customers need some help. A business establishment should have the right strategies to be able to engage with the targetcustomers at the right time and at the right place. The creation of effective advertising and promotional content is necessary so that they can stimulate the emotional framework of the con sumer’s mind.Social media plays a major role in relationship marketing because it offers various platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, Instagram or YouTube for the purpose of promoting the products and services of the business to the target consumers.The advantage of social media marketing is that it helps the business to track the individual likings and preferences of the products and services and send advertisements or promotions based on the individual customer’s tastes and preferences. Therefore, the role played bymodern digital communication technologies and social media networks in achieving effective customer attraction and retention cannot be over-emphasized.In connection with relationship marketing, it is essential for a business entity to remember that the customers that have been loyal to the business since many years should be offered special privileges and incentives as a gesture of gratitude towards the business.This ensures that the brand is able to create a long-term relationship and at the same time develop brand loyalty that will last long. For ensuring the best possible services to the customers it is essential to engage with them even after the purchase of the product or the services has been over.We have learned by now that a business deploys relationship marketing strategies in various ways for ensuring that they can offer the loyal customers with some additional and unique facilities as these consumers have remained loyal over the years.Offering heavy discounts and personalized recommendations to the customers depending on their tastes and preferences are some of the prudent strategies of customer retention that a business might deploy for achieving success with its relationship marketing strategies.The role of collecting feedback from the customers on a regular basis is indispensable for a business entity to ensure that it is observing the prudent relationship marketing strategies and techniques. It is to beremembered that relationship marketing is a two-way process in which both the business and the consumers have to reciprocate each other effectively.The business will offer personalized products and services to the customers and the customers will have to offer their genuine and unbiased feedback to the business such that the future products and services can be offered more effectively and there is enhanced bonding between the business and the customers.We can name some of the renowned brands that are known for their highly effective relationship marketing strategies around the world such as retail fast food chain giant Domino’s, the much acclaimed J W MarriottGroup of hotels, GE, and a host of other leading multinational corporations around the world.It can be said that the global brands are more focused on relationship marketing because they deal with consumers around the world and hence, they need to be more dedicated and sincere in their approaches to retaining global customers. So, in conclusion, we may say that relationship marketing strategy has the ingredients to make a business successful in achieving enhanced customer satisfaction and retention through achieving brand loyalty.。
关系营销英文作文Relationship marketing is all about building strong connections with customers. It's not just about making a sale, but about creating a lasting bond that keeps them coming back for more.In today's competitive market, it's crucial to go beyond just offering a great product or service. Building trust and loyalty with customers is the key to long-term success.One way to foster relationships with customers is through personalized communication. Sending personalized emails or messages shows that you value their individual needs and preferences.Another important aspect of relationship marketing is seeking feedback from customers. By listening to their opinions and addressing their concerns, you can show that their satisfaction is your top priority.Creating a sense of community among customers can also strengthen relationships. Hosting events or online forums where customers can connect with each other can build a sense of belonging and loyalty to your brand.Offering rewards and incentives to loyal customers can also go a long way in building strong relationships. Whether it's a discount on their next purchase or exclusive access to new products, showing appreciation can solidify their loyalty.Ultimately, relationship marketing is about going the extra mile to make customers feel valued and understood. By focusing on building strong connections, you can create a customer base that will support your business for years to come.。
毕业设计(论文)外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目:关系营销的本质文献、资料英文题目:NATURE OF RELATIONSHIP MARKETING 文献、资料来源:文献、资料发表(出版)日期:院(部):专业:市场营销班级:姓名:学号:指导教师:翻译日期: 2017.02.14毕业设计(论文)外文翻译资料论文题目:A.O.史密斯的营销战略研究译文题目:Role of Relationship Marketingin Competitive Marketing Strategy关系营销在竞争中的营销策略NATURE OF RELATIONSHIP MARKETINGAt the core of relationship marketing is exchange, that is profitable to parties involved in the exchange. The concept of exchanges as it applies to relationship marketing can be viewed at from either a transaction cost analysis approach or a social exchange theory approach.Transactions are distinguished into discrete transactions and relational transactions. Relational contract law governs relational transactions. In classical contract law that governs discrete transactions identity of parties is not relevant; however this is not true in relationship marketing. In relational contracting the reference point shifts from the agreement (as in classical contract law), to the relation itself as it has developed over time.There might be or might not be an original agreement and if there is, there may not be any great deference to it. In a relational transaction, the contractual gaps between parties are reduced, as the relation becomes stronger and stronger. The frequency with which transactions recur influence the terms of the transaction (discounts as in frequent flyer). The degree to which durable transaction specific investments are incurred determine the rapidity of commitment given and received, the time period of commitment and the intensity of the relation between two parties. Transaction specific investments (asset specificity in physicalcapital and human capital) leads to relational exchanges where trust is a prime moderator. As such non-specific exchanges leads to transaction marketing and for exchanges that are not non-specific the concept of Relationship marketing will hold (Williamson, 1979). The Williamsonian approach to understand relational contracting has been augmented (Anderson and Weitz, 1992), by postulating that whenever idiosyncratic investments are made by the exchanging parties in one another then there is a stronger commitment to the relationship. In a relationship the set of understandings that has grown up over time (the implicit contract) is more influential. Exclusivity to the other party is also seen as a signal of commitment. Further the relationship dyad has been examined from perspective of a strong buyer facing a large number of small suppliers ( Heide and John, 1992). It has been shown that relational norms do play a role in serving as a governance mechanism to safeguard against opportunistic behavior in the presence of transaction specific assets. It has also been shown that in case of a relationship dyad between a strong supplier and a large number of small buyers relational norms do not play a significant role (Berthon, Pierre et. Al, 2003)George Homans (George Homans, 1961) first proposed social exchange theory. He said that exchanges of goods and services take place between two parties who are rational entities acting in their own self-interest and who will perform social action based on rewards and costs.The exchange of goods and services take place not only for money but also for non-monetary benefits such as love, esteem, affection and approval. Such exchanges are social exchanges. Social exchanges almost always involve an element of power, allowing one party to do activities the way it wants to do. Social exchanges involves interaction; interaction occurs when an activity emitted by one man is rewarded (or punished) by an activity emitted by another man. Social exchanges respect sentiment; sentiments are signs of the attitudes and feelings a party takes towards another party. This social exchange theory (George Homans, 1961) draws on the disciplines of behavioral psychology and elementary economics in proposing the principles of social exchange. Behavioral psychology decides on current actions based on past history of behavior / actions. Elementary economicsdecides on current action based on future stream of profits. It is difficult to balance these two directions. Further elementary economics assume perfect markets. Relationship marketing situations are far from perfect. Also relationships are built on future promises as much as on past behavior. In studying relationship marketing, both the transaction cost analysis and social exchange theory concepts can be used to explain and conceptualize relationship-marketing paradigms.Relationship marketing refers to a wide range of ‘relationship type strategies’ that have developed over the past few decades in product as well as service markets and in consumer as well as business to business sectors. The antecedents of RM go to Industrial marketing and Services marketing. RM found ready acceptance in a marketing world where it had become obvious that strategic competitive advantage could no longer be delivered on the basis of product characteristics alone and where corporate profitability was beginning to become associated with satisfying existing customers (John Egan, 2001). Relationship marketing as contrasted to transaction marketing involves relational exchanges that trace to previous agreements. There are four types of buyer-seller relationships –bilateral relationships, seller-maintained relationships,buyer-maintained relationships,discrete exchanges(Dwyer,Schurr and Oh 1987). For a firm relational exchanges could occur with goods suppliers, services suppliers, business units, employees, functional departments, intermediate customers, ultimate customers, competitors, nonprofit organizations, government (Hunt and Morgan 1994). Though conceptualizing relationship marketing accommodates all types of above mentioned relational exchanges, an adequate definition of relationship marketing for the purpose of this paper will relate to exchanges with intermediate customers and ultimate customers. For example, it is also stated that (Berry, 1983) ‘Relationship marketing is att racting, maintaining and - in multi service organizations –enhancing customer relationships’.In industrial marketing, relationship marketing is referred to as marketing oriented towards strong, lasting relationships with individual accounts (Jackson, 1985). From a sales management perspective, the term relationship marketing is applied to a number of different marketing activities ranging from consumerfrequency marketing programs to selling activities directed towards building partnerships with key business – to – business customers (Weitz and Bradford, 1999). In developing long term relationships with channel members, it is stated (Anderson and Weitz, 1989) that such relationships combine the advantages of vertically integrated distributed systems (control and coordination), with the advantages of systems utilizing independent channel members (flexibility, scale economies, efficiency and low overhead). They also state that channel relationships are dependent on (1) continuity of relationship (2) trust and (3) communications.Many global packaged goods manufacturers regard resellers (wholesalers, retailers) as their customers. The literature cites the case of Proctor and Gamble who regard retailers as their customers and Intel which has built its business around OEM customers (Webster Jr., 2000). Consequently developing relationships with resellers is also an important part of RM effort in marketing strategy process. The relationship between manufacturer, reseller and consumer as shown below is a three-way relationship.In such a context, the manufacturer and reseller are in a partnership relationship that includes competition and conflict (Webster Jr., 2000). Both manufacturer and reseller deliver value to consumer. In this three-way relation, the quality of relationship for any single player depends on the quality and strength of relationship between the other two.Other authors have noted multiple uses of the term RM (Brodie et. Al, 1997). They suggested RM be applied at four levels. At the first level, RM is atechnology-based tool of database marketing. At a second level, RM focuses on relationships between businesses and its customers with an emphasis of customerretention. At a third level, RM is a form of ‘customer partnering’ with buyers cooperatively involved in the design of the product or service offering. At a fourth and broadest level, RM was seen as incorporating everything from databases to personalized services, loyalty programs, brand loyalty, internal marketing,personal/social relationships and strategic alliances.A number of terms have been used as substitutes for relationship marketing or to describe similar concepts (Buttle, 1996). These include direct marketing, database marketing, customer relationship management, data driven marketing, micromarketing, one-to-one marketing, loyalty based marketing, segment of one marketing, customer partnering, dialogue marketing and interactive marketing. All this suggests that RM is also an umbrella philosophy for relational approaches in marketing. To succeed in RM, a company must have both a flow of new customers and there must be a restriction on customers exiting (Leaky Bucket Theory). Though RM has a dual focus on both acquisition and retention strategies, it is retention strategies that are given more prominence. It has been proposed that dual benefits of customer retention (Buttle, 1996) are: (a) existing customers are less expensive to retain than to recruit, (b) securing a customer’s loyalty over time produces superior profits. Acquisition costs include (1) personal selling (2) commission payments (3) direct costs and indirect costs of detailed information gathering (4) supply of equipment (5) advertising and other communications expenditure.Different models are suggested in literature for different relational stages in RM. One model (Dwyer, 1987) suggests that the stages are – Awareness, Exploration, Expansion, Commitment. A second model (Payne, 1995) suggests that the stages are –Prospects, Customers, Clients, Advocates, Members, Partners. A third model (Kotler, 1997) suggests that the stages are – Suspects, Prospects, First time customers, Repeat customers, Clients, Advocates, Members, Partners.There must be two characteristics present for an exchange situation to be described as a relationship (Barnes and Howlett, 1998). These are: (1) the relationship is mutually perceived to exist and is acknowledged as such by both parties, (2) the relationship goes beyond occasional contact and is recognized as having some special status. Inclusio n of ‘status recognition in a relationship’ puts a doubt whether a relationship could be developed with for example a local supermarket. The existence of special status is less obvious in consumer markets.Three characteristics are important for customers to desire continuity with thesame provider. These are variability, complexity, involvement (Berry, 1995). The author says that relationship marketing occurs at three levels. Level one relationship marketing relies primarilyon pricing incentives to secur e customers’ loyalty. However the sustainability of competitive advantage is minimal on this level one, as pricing moves can be matched quickly. Level two relationship marketing relies primarily on social bonds, though pricing is still a vital element. This involves personalization and customization of the relationship. Level three relationship marketing relies on structural solutions to customer problems, such as Federal Express providing computer terminals in offices of high volume customers.From the above discussion, for the purpose of this paper, RM is defined as the identification, establishment, maintenance, enhancement, modification and termination of relationships with customers / consumers to create value for customers and profit for organization by a series of ongoing exchanges that have both a history and a future. Such exchanges are called relational exchanges.关系营销的本质关系营销的核心是交换,即交换所涉及的各方利润。