18.owe vt.欠 owe—owed—owed--owing owe sb.sth.=owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物 owe sth.to sb.把……归功于某人 owe it to sb.to do sth.应该为某人而做某事 owe it to sb.that…把……归功于某人 owing to=because of因为；由于；幸亏 练习: 1._O__w_i_n_g_(owe) to bad weather, the plane had to change its course. 2.He owe everything ___to____ his brother.
13.contrary adj.相反的；相对立的 n.相反的事实（或事情）
be contrary to相反的；相对立的
on the contrary 与此相反；恰恰相反
to the contrary相反的；相对的
练习: 1.This is contrary __t_o___ what most people expect. 2.In fact, there’s plenty of evidence _t_o_____ the contrary. 3.__O_n___ the contrary, when we are honest, we are truly free.
3.massive adj.巨大的；非常严重的 massively adv.大量地；大规模地 mass n.团；块；堆；大量；许多；群众
adj.大规模的；广泛的 a mass of=masses of许多的；大量的 mass production批量生产
get close to the masses接近群众
15.astonish vt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊 astonishing adj.令人吃惊的 astonished adj.吃惊的；惊讶的 对……感到惊讶: be astonished at/by be astonished to do sth. be astonished that… astonishment n.惊奇；惊讶 to one’s astonishment令某人惊讶的是 in/with astonishment惊讶地；吃惊地
