英语一阅读翻译2006

2006年考研英语模拟题及答案和参考译文一上SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections： Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became 1 in a variety of aerobic activities，and 2 thousands of health spas 3 around the country to capitalize on his 4 interest in fitness， particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed 5 to this aerobic fitness movement， even anational chain with spas in most major cities. However，their 6 was not on aerobics， 7 on weight�瞭raining programs designed to develop muscular mass， 8 ， and endurance in their primarily male 9 . These fitness spas did not seem to benefit 10 from the aerobic fitness movement to better health， since medical opinion suggested that weight�瞭raining programs 11 few， if 12， health benefits. In recent years， however， weight training hasagain become increasingly 13 for males and for females. Many 14 programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.15， most physical fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance， not forhealth related reasons， but primarily 16 such fitness components have been related to 17 in athletics. 18， in recent years， evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health 19 as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now 20 that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans.1.[A] imposed [B] engaged [C] confined [D] illustrated2.[A] affluently [B] eligibly [C] gorgeously[D] literally3.[A] enhanced [B] manifested [C] developed [D] established4.[A] emerging [B] hovering [C] intriguing [D] mingling5.[A] prior [B] entitled [C] liable [D] subjected6.[A] action [B] focus [C] cement [D] snap7.[A] or [B] or else [C] and [D] but rather8.[A] strength [B] nutrition [C] tolerance [D] ambition9.[A] practitioners [B] enthusiasts [C] referees[D] recipients10.[A] financially [B] particularly [C] legitimately [D] excessively11.[A] presented [B] offered [C] indicated [D] demonstrated12.[A] something [B] some [C] anything [D] any13.[A] popular [B] vigorous [C] intelligible[D] formidable14.[A] current [B] primitive [C] uneven [D] incredible15.[A] Practically [B] Eventually [C] Essentially[D] Historically16.[A] because [B] in only [C] although [D] now that17.[A] performance [B] harassment [C]identification [D] portrayal18.[A] Moreover [B] Therefore [C] However [D] Anyway19.[A] advantages [B] benefits [C] interests[D] profits20.[A] recommends [B] reassures [C] speculates[D] mediates答案解析及参考译文SectionⅠUse of English篇章导读本题属于时间叙事的文章。

2006 Text 1Paragraph 11、In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. 不管我们如何喋喋不休地谈论差别，美国社会实际上是一台同化人们的神奇的机器。

这就是民主化的着装和言谈，并且还有种随意和缺乏尊重感，这些构成了通俗文化的特性。

1.1 homogenizing英/hə'mɔdʒənaiziŋ/ 美/hə'mɔdʒənaiziŋ/n. 均质化homogenize 英/hə'mɒdʒənaɪz/ 美/ho'mɑdʒə,naɪz/vt. 使均匀；使类同vi. 变均匀democratizing民主化1.2 uniformity英/juːnɪ'fɔːmɪtɪ/ 美/,jʊnə'fɔrməti/n. 均匀性；一致；同样2、People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. 人们被一种消费文化所吸引了，这种文化是由十九世纪在高雅的氛围中陈列着琳琅满目的商品的百货商店所开始的.2.1elegant英/'elɪg(ə)nt/ 美/'ɛləgənt/adj. 高雅的，优雅的；讲究的；简炼的；简洁的3、Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite, these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and demo cratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. 不是为了迎合有知识的精英们而开设的专门商店，而是创建了“不分阶层和背景人人都可以进入”的大众商店。

2006 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1（10 points）The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population。

1 , homelessness has reache d such proportions that local government can’t possibly 2 . To help homeless people 3 independence， the federal government must support job training programs， 4 the minimum wage， and fund more low—cost housing。

5 everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless。

Estimates6 anywhere from 600，000 to 3 million。

7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter： that the number of the homeless is8 . One of the federal government’s studies9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night， a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street。

2006年考研英语一阅读理解第一解析2006年考研英语一阅读理解第一解析主要是针对2006年考研英语一真题中的阅读理解部分进行的解析。

具体内容如下：文章标题：Ads everywhere原文及问题解析：1. The Internet is buzzing with talk of a "social network bubble". Such talk gets attention because memories of the dotcom crash are still fresh for many people. But are such fears justified?文章开篇点题并提出问题，探讨去年来的社交网络公司在纳斯达克市场成功上市且市值不断上升的现象是否正面临着泡沫衰退的风险。

2. One common opinion among market pundits is that the social network bubble is nowhere near bursting point, as it has not yet reached the flaky marketing stage at which the dotcoms famously blew themselves up at the beginning of the century. But there are reasons why history could repeat itself, and why we might see stock tumbles and personal losses on a grand scale.文中介绍了一种常见的观点，认为社交网络泡沫远未到破灭的临界点，但同时指出破灭的原因可能会重演，股票下跌和个人损失可能会大规模发生。

3. The first reason is that some of these networks are just fads.Friendster and MySpace were big once but they are both now shrinking. This risk is overblown: social networking has come and will stay. The chance of all of them going up in smoke is pretty slim – instead the money will switch around, with some lucky investors making massive returns.第一个原因是一些社交网络只是一时热门。

Text 1①In spite of“endless talk of difference,”American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. ②There is“the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference”characteristic of popular culture. ③People are absorbed into“a culture of consumption”launched by the 19th century department stores that offered“vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. ④Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite”these were stores“anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. ⑤This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.”⑥The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.①Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. ②Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today's immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. ③In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of the population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. ④In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. ⑤Now, consider three indices of assimilation—language, home ownership and intermarriage.①The 1990 Census revealed that“a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English‘well’or‘very well’after ten years of residence.”②The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. ③“By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”④Hence the description of America as a“graveyard”for languages. ⑤By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.①Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics“have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.”②By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.①Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet“some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation's assimilative power.”①Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? ②Indeed. ③It is big enough to have a bit of everything. ④But particularly when viewed against America's turbulent past, today's social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21.The word“homogenizing”(Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably means________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22.According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century_________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S._________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public's fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25.In the author's opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is_________.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2①Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. ②There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. ③And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway's Cottage, Shakespeare's birthplace and the other sights.①The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. ②They frankly dislike the RSC's actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. ③It's all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.①The tourist streams are not entirely separate. ②The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don't usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. ③However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. ④It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town's revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. ⑤The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.①The townsfolk don't see it this way and the local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. ②Stratford cries poor traditionally. ③Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. ④Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.①Anyway, the townsfolk can't understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. ②(The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they'll do better.) ③The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.①It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford's most attractive clientele. ②They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. ③They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)—lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26.From the first two paragraphs, we learn that__________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC's contribution to the town's revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28.By saying“Stratford cries poor traditionally”(Line 2, Paragraph 4), the author implies that__________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29.According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because__________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30.From the text we can conclude that the author__________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk's view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3①When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. ②Smaller species survived. ③The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. ④Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.①That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. ②What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. ③They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. ④Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. ⑤According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within15 years of the start of exploitation. ⑥In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.①Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. ②One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. ③Today's vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. ④That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. ⑤In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. ⑥Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. ⑦Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. ⑧That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.①Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. ②They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the“shifting baseline”. ③The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. ④That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. ⑤Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that ____________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32.We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm's paper that ____________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33.By saying“these figures are conservative”(Line 1, Paragraph 3), Dr. Worm means that __________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34.Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that __________.[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation35.The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries' ___________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits[D] technological applicationText 4①Many things make people think artists are weird. ②But the weirdest may be this: artists' only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.①This wasn't always so. ②The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. ③But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth's daffodils to Baudelaire's flowers of evil.①You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. ②But it's not as if earlier times didn't know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. ③The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.①After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? ②Advertising. ③The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.①People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. ②They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. ③In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. ④Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.①Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. ②Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. ③Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. ④And since these messages have an agenda—to lure us to open our wallets—they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. ⑤“Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.①But what we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting—is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. ②The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. ③Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. ④It's a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36.By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that_________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37.The word“bummer”(Line 4, Paragraph 5) most probably means something_________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38.In the author's opinion, advertising_________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replaces the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes_________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40.Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.。

Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America?Indeed.It is big enough to have a bit of everything.But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past,today’s social indices hardly suggesta dark and deteriorating social environment.21.The word“homogenizing”(Line2,Paragraph1)most probably means________.[A]identifying[B]associating[C]assimilating[D]monopolizing22.According to the author,the department stores of the19th century________.[A]played a role in the spread of popular culture[B]became intimate shops for common consumers[C]satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D]owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.________.[A]are resistant to homogenization[B]exert a great influence on American culture[C]are hardly a threat to the common culture[D]constitute the majority of the population24.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph5?[A]To prove their popularity around the world.[B]To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C]To give examples of successful immigrants.[D]To show the powerful influence of American culture.25.In the author’s opinion,the absorption of immigrants into American society is_______.[A]rewarding[B]successful[C]fruitless[D]harmfulText2Stratford-on-Avon,as we all know,has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.There is the Royal Shakespeare Company(RSC),which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon.And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come,not to see the plays,but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny totheir revenue.They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors,them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness.It’s all deliciously ironic when youconsider that Shakespeare,who earns their living,was himself an actor(with a beard)and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate.The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see the plays,and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford.However,the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing.It is the playgoers,the RSC contends,who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night(some of them four or five nights)pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and the local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company.Stratford cries poor traditionally.Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge.Hilton is building its own hotel there,which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars,the Lear Lounge,the Banquo Banqueting Room,and so forth,and will be very expensive.Anyway,the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy.(The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a st year its1,431seats were94per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.)The reason,of course,is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele.They come entirely for the plays,not the sights.They all seem to look alike(though they come from all over)—lean,pointed,dedicated faces,wearing jeans and sandals,eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the20seats and80standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at10:30a.m.26.From the first two paragraphs,we learn that________.[A]the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B]the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C]the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D]the townsfolk earn little from tourism27.It can be inferred from Paragraph3that________.[A]the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B]the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C]the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D]the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28.By saying“Stratford cries poor traditionally”(Line2,Paragraph4),the author implies that______.[A]Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B]Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C]the town is not really short of money[D]the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29.According to the townsfolk,the RSC deserves no subsidy because________.[A]ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B]the company is financially ill-managed[C]the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D]the theatre attendance is on the rise30.From the text we can conclude that the author________.[A]is supportive of both sides[B]favors the townsfolk’s view[C]takes a detached attitude[D]is sympathetic to the RSCText3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world,something strange happened to the large animals:they suddenly became extinct.Smaller species survived.The large,slow-growing animals were easy game,and were quickly hunted to extinction.Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.Whatresearchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing.They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world.Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass(the amount of living biological matter)of fish species in particular parts of the ocean,but rather changes in that biomass over time.According to their latest paper published in Nature,the biomass of large predators(animals that kill and eat other animals)in a new fishery is reduced on average by80%within15years of the start of exploitation.In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr.Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative.One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved.Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar,which were not available50years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught,so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.In the early days,too,longlines would have been more saturated with fish.Some individuals would therefore not have been caught,since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them,leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing,a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked.That is no longer a problem,because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr.Myers and Dr.Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline,which future management efforts must take into account.They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists,that of the“shifting baseline”.The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about50%of its original levels.Most fisheries are well below that,which is a bad way to do business.31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.[A]large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment[B]small species survived as large animals disappeared[C]large sea animals may face the same threat today[D]slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32.We can infer from Dr.Myers and Dr.Worm’s paper that________.[A]the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by90%[B]there are only half as many fisheries as there were15years ago[C]the catch sizes in new fisheries are only20%of the original amount[D]the number of large predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33.By saying“these figures are conservative”(Line1,paragraph3),Dr.Worm means that________.[A]fishing technology has improved rapidly[B]then catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C]the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D]the data collected so far are out of date34.Dr.Myers and other researchers hold that________.[A]people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B]fisheries should keep their yields below50%of the biomass[C]the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D]people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation35.The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________.[A]management efficiency[B]biomass level[C]catch-size limits[D]technological applicationText4Many things make people think artists are weird.But the weirdest may be this:artists’only job is to explore emotions,and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so.The earliest forms of art,like painting and music,are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the19th century onward,more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless,phony or, worst of all,boring,as we went from Wordsworth’sdaffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war,disaster and the massacre of innocents.The reason,in fact,may be just the opposite:there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all,what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising.The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media,and with it,a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.[D]Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of numbered gaps.There are two extra choices,which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville,Ind., home of David Williams,52,and of a riverboat casino(a place where gambling games are played).During several years of gambling in that casino,Williams,a state auditor earning$35,000a year,lost approximately $175,000.He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for$20worth of gambling.He visited the casino,lost the$20and left.On his second visit he lost$800.The casino issued to him,as a good customer,a“Fun Card”,which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks,and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities.For Williams,these activities become what he calls“electronic heroin”.(41)________.In1997he lost$21,000to one slot machine in two days.In March1997he lost$72,186.He sometimes played two slot machines at a time,all night,until the boat docked at5a.m.,then went back aboard when the casino opened at9a.m.Now he is suing the casino,charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted.It did know he had a problem.In March1998a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions,and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem.The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers,and wrote to him a“cease admissions”letter.Noting the“medical/psychological”nature of problem gambling behavior,the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42)________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has24signs warning:“Enjoy the fun...and always bet with your head,not over it.”Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health.Nevertheless,Williams’s suit charges that the casino,knowing he was“helplessly addicted to gambling,”intentionally worked to“lure”him to“engage in conduct against his will.”Well.(43)________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says“pathological gambling”involves persistent,recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest ofa windfall.(44)________.Pushed by science,or what claims to be science,society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45)________.Forty-four states have lotteries,29have casinos,and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering.And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995,competition for gamblers’dollars has become intense.The Oct.28issue of Newsweek reported that2160-200words neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)2006年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章结构分析本文介绍了美国无家可归者日益增多这个社会问题。

考研2006年英语一真题2006年考研英语一真题主要包括阅读理解、翻译和写作三部分。

以下是对每个部分的分析和解答。

一、阅读理解阅读理解部分共含有五篇文章，每篇文章后面有四个问题需要回答。

文章内容涉及历史、科学、文化等多个领域。

根据文章内容，选择正确答案，并将答案填写在答题卡上。

二、翻译翻译部分包含两篇文章，一篇中译英，一篇英译中。

根据文章的要求，将其翻译成另外一种语言。

注意准确表达文章中的含义和情感。

1. 中译英文章内容：中国文化的传统之一是尊老敬老。

中国人普遍认为长者应该受到尊重和照顾，子女有责任孝顺父母。

这种传统观念在中国历史和文化中占据重要地位。

2. 英译中文章内容：With the development of technology, the way people communicate has changed dramatically. In the past, people mainly relied on letters and telegrams to exchange information. However, nowadays, people can easily communicate with each other through various means, such as social media and instant messaging apps.三、写作写作部分需要根据提示或者给定的材料，写一篇短文。

按照所给提示或材料的要求，完成写作任务。

注意使用合适的句子结构和词汇，以及拼写和语法的正确性。

写作示例：题目：城市交通与环境保护提示：1. 城市交通问题日益突出；2. 交通拥堵对环境产生的影响；3. 可能的解决办法。

参考范文：Nowadays, urban transportation has become a prominent issue in our daily lives. With an increasing number of private cars on the road, traffic congestion has become a pressing concern. The heavy traffic not only leads to delays and frustration for commuters, but also has a negative impact on the environment.The environmental consequences of traffic congestion are significant. The emission of greenhouse gases from vehicles contributes to global warming and air pollution. The excessive noise produced by cars and trucks also affects people's health and well-being. Additionally, the construction and maintenance of roads and highways in urban areas may result in the destruction of natural habitats and contribute to urban sprawl.To address these issues, several potential solutions can be considered. Firstly, promoting the use of public transportation can help reduce congestion and vehicle emissions. Governments should invest in the improvement of public transportation systems, making them more efficient, affordable, and convenient for commuters. Secondly, encouraging alternative modes of transport, such as cycling and walking, can not only reduce traffic congestion, but also improve people's health and reduce pollution. Providing more cycling lanes and pedestrian-friendly infrastructure will encourage people to choose these greener options. Finally, implementing stricter regulations on vehicle emissions and promoting the use of electric and hybrid cars can significantly reduce air pollution.In conclusion, the urban transportation problem poses a serious threat to the environment. It is necessary for governments, communities, and individuals to work together in order to find effective solutions. By promoting the use of public transportation, encouraging alternative modes of transport, and implementing stricter environmental regulations, we can create a sustainable and green future for our cities.。

英语一06年阅读解析《2006年英语一阅读理解真题详细解析》。

一、阅读理解A部分解析。

（一）第一篇阅读。

文章主题：美国社会的同化现象。

题目分析：- 第21题：- 题目：The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means _.- 答案：making uniform（使一致，使统一）。

- 原因：文章开篇说“In spite of “endless talk of difference,”American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.”后面又举例说像穿同样的衣服，吃同样的食物等，这都体现出一种让人们变得相似、统一的趋势，所以“homogenizing”在这里应该是“使统一”的意思。

就好比在一个学校里，大家都穿统一的校服，这就是一种让学生在着装方面变得统一的做法。

- 第22题：- 题目：According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century _.- 答案：played a role in the spread of popular culture.- 原因：文章中提到“People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.”这说明19世纪的百货商店营造了消费文化，提供大量商品，让人们融入到这种文化中，也就促进了流行文化的传播。

例如，当时的百货商店里有各种各样时尚的服装，人们去购买这些服装，就会让这些时尚元素在社会中传播开来。