名词性从句用法归纳

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名词性从句:在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。

名词性从句在复合句中能担任:主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。

名词性从句分为:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一、引导名词性从句的连接词

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:

1、从属连词(5个):

(1)that无词义,在从句中不做成分,在宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略

(2)whether,if 有词义,在从句中不做成分(whether,if均表示“是否”之意,表明从句内容的不确定性)不可以省略

(3)as if, as though (均表示“好像”,“似乎”之意)在从句中不做成分

2、连接代词(9个):what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever,有词义,在从句中做成分,不可以省略(who what which 在从句中做主语、宾语、其中what 指代没有范围的事物,which指代有范围的事物,表“选择哪一个”whom做宾语whose 做定语)

3、连接副词(7个):when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however有词义,在从句中做状语,不可以省略

4、that省略的情况:

(1)定语从句中做宾语

(2)that引导宾语从句时

(3)that引导表语从句时

(4)主语从句中it做形式主语,that从句置于句末时

5、that不可省略的情况:

(1)定语从句中做主语

(2)由that引导主语从句放句首时

(3)that引导同位语从句时

(4)宾语从句中i it做形式宾语,真正的that宾语从句中that不可以省略

ii 一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二个和以后几个句子中的that不可以省略

iii 与动词相隔的宾语从句,不可以省略

iv that引导的宾语从句放在句首时,不可以省略

二. 主语从句

1、主语从句:作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。

主语从句通常由下列词引导:

1)从属连词that,whether 等;

2)连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever,whom 等;

3) 连接副词how,when,where,why 等。

2、that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。注:whom、who指人,what指物,whatever,whoever表示泛指意义。例如:

What he wants to tell us is not clear.

Who will win the match is still unknown.

It is known to us how he became a writer.

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.

注意:有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而

把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:(1)It + be + 名词+ that从句:It is a fact that 事实是

It is an honour that 非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that …是常识

It is a pity that 遗憾……

(2)It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句:

It is said that 据说

It is reported that 据报道

It has been proved that 已经证明

It is believed that … 人们认为

It is supposed that… 据猜测

(3)It + 不及物动词(vi)+ that 从句:

It seems that 似乎

It happened that 碰巧

It appears that 似乎

(4)It + be + 形容词+ that从句

It is natural that… 很自然…

It is strange that… 奇怪的是…

注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:

It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …

It is sugges ted (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…

3、It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

①It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。

②it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that 引导,被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如:

a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.

b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.

c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.(强调句型)

d) It is John that broke the window.(强调句型)

4、注意:since, if 不能引导主语从句,但当it做形式主语,主语从句放在句末时,if, whether 均可

5、主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:

(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

(2)It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.

错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.

(3)It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.

错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him.

(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.

错误表达:Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.

(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如: